高三英语总复习..ppt

高三英语总复习 语法部分 冠词 冠词是一种虚词 放在名词的前面 帮助说明名词的含义 冠词分不定冠词 TheIndefiniteArticle 和定冠词 ThedefiniteArticle 两种 a an 是不定冠词 the是定冠词 冠词 Articles 一 不定冠词的用法 1 用在可数名词前表示 一个 相当于 one 类指 Thereisabookonthedesk I llreturninadayortwo 2 用在专有名词前 表示 某一个 相当于 acertain AMr Whiteiswaitingforyoudownstairs 3 表示 一类 相当于 any 泛指 Ahorseisausefulanimal 4 表示 每一 相当于 per Thedoctoraskedmetotakethemedicinethreetimesaday Theenvelopesareoneyuanandtwentyfenadozen 5 用在某些固定词组中 abit afew alittle alotof apieceof acupof aglassof apileof apairof haveagoodtime forawhile foralongtime 6 用在抽象名词前 表具体的介绍 a 抽象名词 即抽象名词具体化 如 Thislittlegirlisajoytoherparents Itisapleasuretotalkwithyou Itisanhonourtometoattendthemeeting 7 与物质名词连用 表示 一种 一阵 一份 Whataheavyrain ASprite please Whatagoodsupper HeboughtaToyota Pleasegivemeablackcoffee 8 a 用在辅音开头前 an 用在元音开头前 ausefulbook aEuropeancountry aone year oldchild anhour anhonestboy an800 metre longbridge Thereisan s intheword smile f h l m n r s x 二 定冠词的用法 1 表示文中再次提到的人或物 Thereisabookonthedesk ThebookisanEnglishbook 2 表示特指的人或物 即 谈话时彼此都知道的人或物 Lookattheblackboard Openthedoor please 3 用在单数可数名词前表示泛指Thehorseisausefulanimal Horsesareusefulanimals 4 表示世界上独一无二的东西thesun theearth thecapital thesky theuniversebut innature inspace insociety inhistory 5 用在由普通名词构成的国家 党派等专有名词前以及江 河 湖 海 山川 群岛的名词前 theUnitedStates theCommunistPartyofChina theYellowRiver theRockyMountains thePhilippines thePacificOcean theChinaof1840 theParisoftheeast thelateMr Brown 6 用在序数词 形容词最高级前 thesecondstory thelargestroom thethirdlongestriver 7 用在方位名词前或某些表示时间的词组或习惯语中 ontheleft intheeast west inthemorning ontheotherhand intheend 8 用在形容词或分词前表示一类人 thepoor rich dying young living wounded 9 在姓氏复数形式前 表示全家人或夫妇二人 TheSmithsaresittingatthebreakfasttable 10 弹奏乐器时 乐器名词前Doyouliketoplaythepianoortheviolin 11 在表示发明物的单数名词前加定冠词ThecompasswasinventedinChinafourthousandyearsago 12 年代前Inthe1870 s 1870s whenMarxwasalreadyinhisfifties 13 在表示阶级 阶层的词前therulingclass theworkingpeople 14 用在一些习惯用语中 如 inthemorning afternoon evening bytheway inthewater field light shade distance middle country raintellthetruth ontheotherhand onthewayhome 15 定冠词使用特殊的场合 Hehithimintheface beatsb onthenose takesb bythearm patsb onthehead theelderofthetwo themostbeautifulofthethree Thesooner thebetter Hegotpaidbythehour bytheyard thedozen themonth thepiece但 byweight按重量另外 绰号的表达法如下PetertheGreat JohntheLion hearted WilliamtheConqueror 三 不用冠词的情况 零冠词 1 专有名词 物质名词 抽象名词 人名 地名等名词前China America John Airisamatter Failureisthemotherofsuccess But HeistheMr Zhengyouarelookingfor HeisalivingLeiFeng TheShanghaioftodayisquitedifferentfromwhatitwas Longjingisafamoustea aheavyrain astrongwind asoupItisapleasuretotalktohim Hewantedtogivemeapleasantsurprise 2 可数名词前有物主代词 指示代词 不定代词 名词所有格限制时Thisbookismine 3 季节 月份 星期 节日 一日三餐名称前spring summer autumn fall winter Sunday October NationalDaybut inthespringofthatyear ImethimonaMondaylastmonth 4 称呼语 表示头衔的名词作表语 宾语补足语及同位语时What sthis Mother Hewasmademonitor GeorgeW BushispresidentoftheUSA 5 学科名词 球类 棋类名词前Doyoustudymathematics Helikesplayingfootball chess 6 泛指复数名词前Computersarewidelyusedinourdailylife Theyareworkers 7 在与by连用的交通工具名称前bycar bus train water air land 8 某些固定词组中 1 名词词组husbandandwife brotherandsister dayandnight knifeandfork 2 介词词组to at fromschool inclass inprison to at fromworkinfrontof inthefrontofattable atthetableoutofquestion outofthequestioninchargeof inthechargeofinpossessionof inthepossessionofbysea bythesea 9 as引导的让步状语从句中 作表语的名词不带冠词 Childassheis sheknowsalotofFrench 10 系动词turn 作 变成 解 后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词 Theyounggirlhasturnedwriter Theyounggirlhasbecomeawriter 11 在单数名词 after 同一单数名词 表示 一个接一个 结构中 单数可数名词前不加冠词 Shedidexperimentafterexperiment shopaftershop mistakeaftermistake 12 形容词的最高级前 序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况 most 形容词原级 作 十分 非常 极 解时 前面不用定冠词 Oh it smostbeautiful amostbeautifulpicture averybeautifulpicture 当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时 第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词 Sheisthetallestandfattestgirlinourschool 当形容词最高级作表语 不表示与其他人或物相比时 其前不用定冠词 Themarketinthecountryisbusiestinwinter 形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时 不能用定冠词 Awolfinasheep sskinisourmostdangerousenemy 序数词前面一般加定冠词表示 第 之意 但在second third等词前加不定冠词表示 又一 再一 之意 whyyoutookasecondarrow注意 下句中 afirst 表示 第一名 冠军 Heisatopstudentinourclass forheoftengetsafirstinmaths 13 no与such连用时应放在such之前 such后面的名词不用冠词 Nosuchthinghaseverhappenedinthisvillage 14 固定词组gotoschool college court prison work church beinschool 比较 Hewenttocollegelastyear HewenttothecollegelastSunday Georgeis Englishboy Hishomeland England is Europeancountry A a aB an anC an aD a an afaithfulanimal A DogisB DogsareC AdogisD AndogisHehaddonetheexperimentseventimeswithoutsuccess sohetried eighthtime A aB anC theD Hangzhouis mostbeautifulcity A aB anC theD animalssleepunderthesnowinwinter A GreatmanyB ManyaC AgreatmanyD Agreatdeal C A B C C 练一练 Icameacrossmyfirstteacher A onaSundayB ontheSundayC ontheSundayD onSundaysLongjingis wonderfulChinesetea A aB anC theD wholacksoneorbothparentsiscalledanorphan A AchildB AnchildC ThechildD ChildWhereare A apairofslipperB apairofslippersC slippersD theslippers ParkHotelisnolongerthehighestbuildinginShanghainow A AB AnC TheD C D A A A Theteacherpattedtheboys affectionately A ontheirheadB ontheirheadsC ontheheadD ontheheadsWearenowlivingintheroomwhosewindowsface A inthesouthB insouthC tothesouthD tosouthHerhometownis A nearMississippiB neartheMississippiC inMississippiD intheMississippiAsweallknow sunrisesin east A the theB C the D theIlikeplaying football whilemysisiterlikesplaying piano A B the theC the D the D A B C C Batssleepin daytimeandcomeoutofhuntforfoodat night A the theB C the D theWecelebrate InternationasWomen sDayon 8thofMarch A the theB C the D theMyhusbandusuallydoesnothavemuchfor breakfast buthehad bigbreakfasttoday A the theB C aD a theMyunclelivesin SeventhStreetin London A the theB C the D the ismakingrapidprogressin newChina A Thescience theB Science C Thescience D Science the B C C D C BillClintonwaselected presidentoftheUnitedStatesin1992 A aB anC theD Shewasputto bedwhenevershedidsomethingwrong A aB anC theD Jumpingoutof airplaneattenthousandfeetisquite excitingexperience A theB anC an anD the the Haveyouseen pen Ileftitherethismorning Isit blackone IthinkIsawitsomewhere A a theB the theC the aD a a D D C D 25 Manypeopleagreethat knowledgeofEnglishisamustin internationaltradetoday A a B the anC the theD the26 AlexanderGrahamBellinvented telephonein1876 A B aC theD one A C 冠词的活用 冠词的用法比较广泛 有一定的灵活性 掌握冠词使用的基本规则 也需要注意其使用灵活的特点 难点 1 弄清使用不定冠词或使用冠词的场合和语境 2 用与不用冠词的区别 A 表示世界上独一无二的事物时用 但名词前如有 修饰 则用 定冠词the 形容词 不定冠词a an Ex sun risingsun the a B 一日三餐的名词前一般 但如果前边有 修饰 就需加