高中代词详解及改错练习.doc

代词一、 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1. 人称代词主格：主语宾格：宾语、表语或同位语。宾格要与所指代的人称保持一致。We have done our best.He helped me with my English.l 在口语中，当人称代词独立用于不带谓语的句子中作主语时，常用宾格；l 当人称代词用于带有强烈感情色彩的句子中作主语时且其后不带宾语，多用宾格。-I want to go to the cinema tonight.-Me, too.2. 物主代词ones own+名词=名词+of ones own “完全属于自己的, 自己的”The old man has a garden of his own. = The old man has his own garden.He saw the accident with his own eyes. 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词l 名词性物主代词（ ）只能单独使用，不能做定语。Your book is on the desk. This is mine.3. 反身代词反身代词是动作的发出者把动作反射到发出者本人，因此反身代词与它指代的名词或代词形成互指关系。They went out for a walk and enjoyed themselves.改错： Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday that hurt it when it fell from its nest. Treat yourself to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day. A man calling him Robert called you this morning when you were out. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are his and her. There at the door stood a girl about the same height as me. To save class time, our teacher has we students to do half of the exercises in class and complete the other half for our homework. -Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.-Why I? John is sitting there doing nothing.二 替代词it, one 和that 1. it指代上文出现过的同一人或事物，复数形式：they/themShe bought a new book, she liked it very much.2. it指代不知性别或不明身份的人（常用于口语或非正式文体中）-Who is knocking at the door?-It might be the postman.3. one=a/an+单数指代与前面出现的同名异物的单数可数名词，表泛指用one; ones为其复数形式。I lost my pen and I want to buy a new one.4. that=the + 单数名词/不可数名词those=the + 可数名词复数one与that都可指同类异物的单数可数名词，区别在于：one泛指,复数形式onesthat特指,复数形式thoseThe weather here is colder than that of Qingdao.改错： Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds. One of the most important question they had to consider was that of public health. Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with which of their parents. Cars do cause us some healthy problemsin fact far more serious one than mobile phones do. If youre buying todays paper from the stand, could you get it for me? Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who he is. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I dont have enough money to buy one. Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carry with it extra stress.三 不定代词1. one, the other(两者中的)一个,另一个other+复数/不可数名词，意味“另外的，其他的”，泛指。The boy has two pens. One is black and the other is blue.I got the story from Tom and some other people who had worked with him.2. some, others(不确定范围)一些,另一些some, the others(不确定范围)一些,其余的l others”别的”，泛指别的人或物，不可作定语；l the others”其余的”特指别的人或物，不可作定语Some students are playing football, and others are playing basketball.I went swimming while the others played tennis.3. oneanother(三者以上中的)一个,另一个l another表示不确定范围内的“另一，再一，又一”可单独使用，也可修饰单数名词；l 当后接“数词或few+复数名词”时，表示在原有基础上需要“更多数量”的东西。I dont like this one. Please show me another.We need another two days to finish the task.4. both, either, neither(二者)l both两者都l either用于肯定句中，“或者”与or搭配; 用于否定句，表示对两者的否定l neither两者都不，常与nor搭配，谓三 Both of them are teachers.Neither of his brothers likes sports.-Which would you like, tea or coffee?-Either will do.5. none, all, no one(三者及以上)l none全否“没有人/物”，谓语单复数均可；可与of连用。l no one全否“没有人”l all全肯“所有人/物”。指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓三；None of them knows what to do next.I know that all is well with her.No one can work out that problem.6. some, anyl some一些，多用于肯定句；用于表请求的疑问句中，表希望得到肯定的答复。l any常用于否定句、疑问句中，用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”May I ask some questions?If there is any trouble, turn to me for help.改错： Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs some. -Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?-Every way as you please. It is easy to do the repair. All you need are a hammer and some nails. I had to buy all these books because I didnt know which one was the best. My brother would like to buy a good watch but nothing was available from that shop. -Which of the two computer games did you prefer?-Actually I didnt like neither of them. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which both of the parents spoke the language. To know more about the British Museum you can use the Internet or go to the library, or all. The manager believes prices will not rise by more than another five percents. No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of the others.四. 复合不定代词1. everything, something, anything, nothingl everything一切事情，强调整体l something某事，某物；something like+数字，意为“左右”l anything肯定句中强调个体，意为“任何事物”，在否定句中表“某些事物”l nothing“没有事物”They do everything to help us.I have something important to tell you.Nothing can prevent us from getting there.-Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?-$3,000, or something like that.2. anyone, someone, everyonel anyone=anybody任何人，强调个体l someone=somebody某个人l everyone=everybody所有人，强调整体Anyone thinks so.There is someone on the telephone for you.If everyone is here, then we can start.改错： The major has offered a reward of $6,000 to someone who can capture the tiger alive or dead. We havent enough books for anyone; some of you will have to share. I made so much changes in my composition that only I could read it. To everyone else, it was hard to make out. Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly nothing left in the house. The book is of great value. Everything can be enjoyed unless you digest it. Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and everything before you leave.五it的用法（常用之句式）1. it作为非人称代词，常表示天气、日期、时间、距离、温度等。It get colder and colder.How far is it from your office to the library?2. it作形式主语、形式宾语It is an honor for me to be invited to speak here.I found it pleasant to work with him.3. It +be+被强调部分+ thatl 该句型强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。l 被强调部分是人时，that可换成who,其他一律用that.l 在含有notuntil的句子在进行强调时，需将not与until一起提前到被强调部分。It was at the school gate that I met him.It was not until midnight that he came back.4. It +be+ adj. + for sb.+ to do sth.It +be+ adj. + of sb.+ to do sth.It is foolish of you to believe such a person.5. It +be+ no use/ no good+ doing做是没用的/没有好处的It is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.6. It +be+ 过去分词.+ that从句say, believe, prove, report, require等常用于此句型。It is reported that the rain will continue tomorrow.7. It + 某些动词+that从句appear, seem, happen等常用于此句型It seems that he has known everything.8. It +be+ ones turn to do sth轮到某人做某事It is your turn to be on duty.Whose turn is it to clean the classroom?9. It +be (high) time for sth It +be (high) time for sb to do sthIt +be (high) time that sb. did/sho