社会心理学第六章题目.doc

Chapter6 Conformity and Obedience3#409名词解释1、 Conformity:2、 Obedience:3、 Autokinetic phenomenon4、 Informational influence答案：1 conformity: a change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined grop pressure. 2 obedience:acting in accord with a direct order or command. 3 aotokinetic phenomenon: the apparent movement of a sationary point of light in the dark. 4 informational influence: conformaity occurring when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people.填空题1 、( ) is acting in according with a direct order or commend. Answer:Obedience2 、( ) is conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure. Answer:acceptance 3 、( ) is conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing.Answer:compliance4 、( ) experiment refers to autokinetic phenomenon.Answer:Sherifs studies of norm formation5 、( ) occurs when people accept evidence about reality provided by other people.Answer:informational influence.单选题1.“Acting in accord with a direct order or command”is ( C ) A.Conformity B.Compliance C.Obedience D.Acceptance2.What is conformity? ( B) A.Conformity that involves publicly acting in accord with an implied or explicit request while privately disagreeing. B.A change in behavior or belief as the result of real imagined group pressure. C.Acting in accord with a direct order or command. D.Conformity that involves both acting and believing in accord with social pressure.3.Who had taken advantage of the actokinetic phenonmenon? ( A) A.Sherif B.Asch C.Willian D.Milgram4.What is involved in Aschs Study of Group Pressure? ( B ) A.Suggestibility B.Comparison C.The chameleon effect D.Obedience5.What dont breed obedience? ( D) A.The victims distance B.Closeness and legitimacy of the authority C.Institutional C.Norm formation6.Why conform? ( D) A.Bystander effect B.Emotional contaglon C.The effect of unanimity D.Normative influence and informational influence7.What cant predicts conformity?( D) A.Group size B.Cohesion C.Public response D.Prior commitment8.How many people will have a largest effect in conformity? ( B) A.1-3 B.3-5 C.5-7 D.7-99.How to reject conformity? (A) A,Asserting uniqueness B.Role reversal C.Conformity personality D.Dont reactance10.How many experiments are involved the conformity? (C) A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4多选题1. In the Milgrams experiments about the ethics, the “teachers” did experience agony. They ( A B E )A. Sweated B. Trembled C. Relaxed D. ExcitedE. Stuttered 2. From Ervin Staubs study of human genocide across the world, Staub (2003) shows ( A B )A. Where gradually increasing aggression can leadB. Where gradually increasing invasion can lead C. Where gradually increasing aberration can leadD. Compliance bred acceptanceE. Criticism produces contempt3. Conformity is affected by (B E)A Where people actB How people actC Other people actD When people actE What people act4. Who is more likely to resist the pressure to conformity (A B C )A People who is humaneB People who is democraticC People who is individualisticD People who is patrioticE People who is selfish5. Why do the results of these classic experiments so often startle people? (C E )A. Because we expect people to act in accord with their disposition B. Because the situation they areC. Because the fundamental attribution error D. Because the conformity and obedienceE. Because the attribution bias6. Four factors that determined obedience were the victims emotional distance. They are (C D E )A. The authoritys supportB. The critics he received from authorityC. The authoritys closeness and legitimacyD. Whether or not the authority was part of respected institutionE. The liberating effects of a disobedient fellow participant7. Which of the following statements about conformity is wrong (A C E )A. Conformity did grow if the judgments were difficultB. Conformity did decline if the participants felt incompetentC. The more insecure about our judgments, the more influenced we by othersD. Conformity is highest when the group has three or less people and is unanimous, cohesive, and in statusE. Conformity is highest when the response is public and made without prior commitment8. Why prompted this conformity? Why had I not clapped even while the others rapped? Why did Polonius so readily echo Hamlets words?(A B)A. Normative influenceB. Informational influenceC. International influenceD. Comprehension influenceE. Impression influence9. Why are we act in ways that preserve our sense of uniqueness and individuality?(B E )A. We are used to be uniqueB. We are used to be individual C. We are not comfortable being too similar with a groupD. We are not comfortable being too different from a group E. We dont want to appear the same as everyone else10. Do you own something. Question authority. If it feels good, do it. Follow your bliss. Dont conform. In which countries we will be more likely to hear these words?(B C E )A. ChinaB. New ZealandC. The United StatesD. JapanE. Canada判断题1. Reactance,Unanimity let us be different. (错)2. One person coughs,laughs,or yawns,and others are soon doing the same. its Mood linkage.(对)3. Conformity meas a change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure.(对)4. Aschs studies of Group pressure experiment refers to autokinetic phenomenon.(错)5. normtive influence and Reversal lead to conform.(错)简答题1、What factors caused the obedience of Milgrams obedience experiment? (米尔格拉姆的服从实验中什么因素引起了服从？)（1）受害者的情感距离。被试在实验中无法看到“学习者”的情况下，其行动表现出的同情最少。（2）权威的接近性与合法性。研究者的亲自在场会影响服从，其次，权威必须被认为是合法的。（3）权威的机构性。权威的声望很重要，那么权威所代表的背后的机构声望就更使该实验变得合法化了。(4 ) 群体影响的释放效应。实验中，如果有同谋者公然反抗研究者，会有90%的被试会通过模仿同谋者释放自己。2 、What factors can predict the conformity?（什么因素可以预测从众？）（1）群体规模。在实验室实验里，一个规模较小的群体就可以引起较大的效应。另外，群体“抱成团”的方式也会产生不同的影响，多个小群体的一致意见会使某个观点更可信。（2）一致性。如果有人破坏了群体的一致性，那么会降低群体的社会影响力。观察到其他人有异议，即使异议是错误的，也会增强我们自己的独立性。（3）凝聚力。一个群体的凝聚力越强，对成员的影响力就越大。(4 ) 地位。地位高的人往往有更大的影响力。( 5) 公开的反应。在实验中，人们必须面对他人做反应时要比私下里回答问题会表现出更多的从众行为。(6 ) 无事前承诺。个体一旦在公众面前做出承诺，就会坚持到底，最多，也就是在以后的情境中改变自己的判断。3、Why would the individual conformity?（个体为什么会从众？）有两种可能：想被群体接纳和免遭拒绝获得重要信息。莫顿把这两种可能性命名为规范影响和信息影响。规范影响是“与群体保持一致”以免受拒绝，得到人们的接纳。或者获得人们的赞赏。另一方面，信息影响会导致人们的接纳，当现实较为模糊时，其他人可能就会成为有价值的信息来源。案例分析1.案例分析1遇到一位老人摔倒在路边，某丁本能地想上前搀扶。可他下意识地看看四周，发现没人动，于是只好怯怯地收回脚步，装作没看到，低头离开。用从众心理的影响方面的知识分析分析某丁的行为。参考答案：主要从从众心理的