简笔画在中小学英语教学中的运用毕业论文.doc

【标题】简笔画在中小学英语教学中的运用 【作者】黄 瑾 【关键词】简笔画；教具；简笔画的运用 【指导老师】宋家陵 欧平娅 【专业】英语 【正文】I. IntroductionStick figure is created by English teaching experts L.A.Richard and C.Gibson. Stick figure just as the name, it is a kind of teaching aids with simple lines or simple drawings. We know that school education always take the usage of teaching aids seriously in the teaching process. In order to provide the educatee with a better educational situation, Ministry of Education improves or updates teaching appliances constantly at large amount of investment. Many teaching equipments and electronic education means are coming into classroom favored by the teachers. But there are still a large number of schools, particularly, the majority of schools in rural areas were not put a mass of funds to improve the teaching facilities. Therefore, teachers must use more visual aids of teaching to make the teaching process vivid. However, stick figure is just a means of visual teaching which can be popularized. Besides, the syllabus of compulsory education of primary and secondary schools English teaching points out that“In the beginner stage of English teaching, visual aids and performance or act, and other methods should be used in class as far as possible to simulate students to understand English directly.”1 And the Teachers book of Junior English education specially emphasized,“Apart from the use of the teaching of charts(the wall charts), teachers also can draw simple pictures on the blackboard or papers to help teaching.”2 So in English teaching practice, teachers may try to use stick figure in most of teaching process. Because of concision, image and interest, and easy to learn and paint, stick figure can be mastered by every teacher. This thesis mainly talks about the application of stick figure in English teaching.II. Features of Stick FigureA. Simplicity and ConvenienceUsing single-lines to draw kinds of postures of persons, kinds of forms of animal, as well as landscapes, flowers and living supplies, which are described concisely reflecting the full meaning of those things. Only a few single-lines drawing enough to express the meaning what the contents want to express. The beginners no need to spend much time on the practice of stick figure but mater it easily.B. Interest and EfficiencyImages produced by stick figure give people the sense of humor that may enhance students learning interest. Stick figure is one form of expression of blackboard writing. The beautiful blackboard writing is able to train students aesthetic capacity, and increase the vitality of classroom. In the teaching process, teachers may draw down the needed image on the blackboard at any time. Even though painting the pictures before lessons need not a lot of time. Whatever how poor the material conditions of a school, chalk would be enough.C. Concision and GeneralityStick figure may be a more accurate expression to help students understand the content. Besides, it also helps students overcome the complex structure of text, have a clear thinking about it or may be concentrate vigor to the teaching content.III. The Functions of Stick Figure in English TeachingStick figure is simple symbols with points, lines, and surfaces to express the basic characteristics of the images. It is simple, intuitive and convenient. It can be popularized as a means of visual teaching methods in the Primary and Secondary Schools English teaching. The teachers do not need superb skill of painting, just after a little practice could master it well. Therefore, the English teachers of the entry phase of Primary and Secondary Schools must master this skill and use it in English language teaching proficiently. The functions of stick figure in English teaching will be elaborated in the following aspects.3A. Creating an Interesting Learning SituationChinese students are learning English language lacking the language learning environment. And in the allocation of time, it often put more times on teachers and less on students that makes the teaching process dull. However, using some stick figures can change this situation and let teachers and students put their books down, and live up the atmosphere of the classroom for the communication between teachers and students. In addition, the way of using stick figures may attract students join in the creating of stick figure, and the creating of stick figure may exert their subjective initiative, observation and memory. Because stick figure has the characteristics of humors and exaggeration, the painting pictures must be more ridiculous and exaggerated if students painting skills not well. But this may be likely to arouse the interest of students and make the classroom full of laughter and happiness at large extent. What the students doing also may coordinate the relationship between students, the relationship between teachers and students, greatly reduce the anxiety of psychological conflict of learning English language of students.B. Arousing Students Learning InterestEinstein said,“Interest is the best teacher.” Interest is the intrinsic power to do a good job of all activities. Only love the subject you choose, can you overcome the difficulties in the process of learning, and then learn it well. However, stick figure can enhance the interest of students English learning, even highlight the teaching focus.For example, in teaching the four words“smile, laugh, sad, angry”, if we only tell students the Chinesemeaning of words and let them recite words out, it can not deny that this class is so vapid. Moreover, the memory of those words in students knowledge is not strong. But if we draw pictures on the blackboard with the corresponding words and painting while allowing students speak the English word out, students will remember the four words for the laughter made by the exaggerated pictures. As shown in the following figure:C. Developing Students Thinking in EnglishHoward Gardener in his book Frames of Mind points out that each of us has multiple intelligences in varying degrees, such as language, mathematical logic, music, space, physical activity and interpersonal, and so on. Stick figure created by the children themselves can mobilize their mouth, eyes, ears, hands, as well as their space imagination, the spirit of cooperation and interpersonal problem analysis, and problem-solving ability in a large extent. In addition, different students have different learning styles. The styles are visual learning, auditory learning, kinesthetic learning and tactile learning.4 Stick figure is the visual learning style. It can be created by students themselves, not only dawn by the teachers. Drawing down what the students they have heard or seen with simple lines can mobilize all their senses, simultaneity, developing their abstract and image thinking. For example:We can see that the three pictures are changed the angle of view different from the ordinary shape. So students should use their brains quickly to think the question“What are they?” asked by the teacher. The answers would be multifarious. Lastly the teacher says“This is a pencil in picture 1. This is a cup in picture 2. And this is a book in picture 3.” Just like this question not only arouse the atmosphere of class room, but also train students thinking and imagination.IV. The Ways of Learning Stick FigureTraditional painting is the reproduction of the image of things, the more detailed the better, whereas stick figure is using the simple lines and planar graph to sketch the outline of the object matters. We can understand that stick figure is a matter of certain object or graphic symbol. This part is intended to let teachers to learn how to draw a stick figure, and master this teaching skill.A. Basic Elements of Stick Figure Point, line, surface are the basic elements of stick figure.Point refers to dot. And there are many kinds of lines, such as straight line, broken line, pitch arc, dotted line, and wavy line. Also surface includes square, rectangle, triangle, trapezium, parallelogram, polygon, ellipse, and other anomalistic figure.Learning stick figure is namely studying how to organize the basic elements of point, line and surface into a symbol to represent the expression of objects. B. The Methods of Making Stick Figure 1. CopyingCollecting and purchasing some stick figure albums as paradigms, teachers select the suitable design from those books according to the teaching content, and then practice still master them. After that teachers may apply them in teaching. 2. Creation Firstly, teachers should know the teaching purpose and decide what stick pictures can be used in classes. Secondly, according to the teaching methods, teachers should determine where and when the stick figures can be used, and what the object things or scene should be expressed. Lastly, teachers create the suitable stick figures which can be use in their English teaching.V. The Application of Stick Figure in English Teaching Stick figure can be used in most of classes, teaching occasions, and the teaching links. As a teaching aid, it requires teachers drawing while speaking or using body language to explain the teaching content. The abstract language combined with the concrete image influence the students thinking, and consequently helps the students to form the thinking process of English learning habit. A. Word Teaching 1. Teaching New Words We know there are many words can not be explained clearly in English. And it is inconvenient to bring the material object into classroom. At this time stick figure is a good teaching aid to solve this problem. Stick figure shows vivid image of the things in front of students, not only arouses classrooms atmosphere and the enthusiasm of the students, but also enhance students memory greatly. For example: 5Noun:Adjective:Preposition: 2. Distinction of Synonyms In English teaching, the distinction of synonyms is a confused problem for many teachers. If teachers are using the vivid stick pictures in class, students will see clear, learn fast and memorize the knowledge deeply. For example,“look” and“see” both have the meaning of see.“To see is to become aware of sb/sth by using your eyes, and it does not depend on the will”, but“To look is to give attention in seeing”. So, we can explain the two words detailed with the before-mentioned sentences to students, but students may be still confused about the words. If the teacher is explaining the words while painting the following pictures on the blackboard, students will understand the meaning easily. Figure: Similarly, the distinction of the usage between“listen to” and“hear”,“be made from” and“be made of” will be clear. See the figures below:3. Comparison between Antonyms While many teachers teach antonyms, they often let the students remember the opposite words by rote. So it is hard to attract the students interest in learning. However, if we supplement the stick figures to the teaching, especially the pictures in exaggerated ways, students will not forget what they have seen, and teaching effect of class will be good. See the figures below:B. Sentence patterns and English Grammar Teaching 1. Sentence Patterns Stick figure can be used for the sentence patterns teaching, such as the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adjective. We can draw several sizes of boxes on the blackboard or cards. Figure:The sentences could be told like this:“The first box is bigger than the secondThe second box is bigger than the thirdThe first box is the biggest.”Another example:(Figure) 6 According to the above picture, teaches can tell a short story to students with the comparative degree and the superlative degree of adverb and ordinal number. The sentences like these: Mike, Tom and Bill are playing football on the playground. Mike is the first. Tom is the second. Bill is third. Bill runs quickly. Tom runs more quickly than Bill. Mike runs the most quickly of all. Mike will get the ball and kick it. 2. English GrammarWhen the modal verb“should” and present perfect“have done” use together, means“someone should do something but not do”. While teachers explain this structure, they can use a group of stick figures to express. As following figures:The teaching steps can be like this:Teacher: What is this?(painting a rectangle) Student A: A window? Teacher: No. It is a lorry. I should have drawn some wheels.(draw wheels) And I should have drawn a cab at the front.(draw a cab) Then you would have recognized it. I could have drawn a name on the lorry(write name) but it would not have helped you very much. If teachers use this approach repeating different examples, students will learn the use of“should have”,” would have” and“could have” quickly.Another example:Similarly, stick figure can be used to teach sentence tense, particularly the comparison between different tenses. For instance, when comparing the past tense, the present tense and the future tense, we may use three pictures to show a persons circumstances of past, present and future. Figure:C. Text Teaching Stick figure also can be used for the different types of teaching texts. They could make the teaching important point more focused, teaching steps more clearly and teaching content more consistent. Students will learn the text as the same as read a comic book or watch television. Therefore, they will master what they have learned unconsciously. For instance, junior high school English book 3B, Unit 18, Planting Trees, when teaching this lesson, the teacher can use the small blackboard or papers with some simple pictures of the parts of tree planting. And then the teacher explains this text accompanying the brief sentences. This process may give students acoustical sense and visual sense simultaneously about the learning content. Figure:Another example: 7 Teachers draw a, b, c, d four paintings on the blackboard or cards, and then organize students to discuss the four painting. Teacher gives out a story Asking Ways. In the discussing, teacher is the leader, who can control the all case and participate in it at necessary time. Furthermore they may correct the mistakes on the vocabulary or grammar knowledge what make by students timely. After the discussion, the teachers tell the complete story again. Finally, students can be required to repeat or recite the story using their own words according some key words and important phrase mentioned in class. As shown in the following figure:D. Listening and Reading Teaching Listening and reading are imported activities. In these activities, the most important point to the listener or reader is to understand the materials. But the materials of hearing and reading are abstract knowledge. In order to let the students able to understand the materials, here can be equipped some illustrations. For instance, when students listening a material about the sports item, but they meet some unstudied terminology words, such as fencing, hurdle, boxing, weight-lifting, etc., right now teachers draw stick figures on the blackboard. Figure: In the reading teaching, in order to test whether the students understand the material, teachers may disrupt the order of some painting about this material in advance, and then require students realign the right order.(Figures will be disrupted)E. Speaking and Writing Teaching Speaking and writing are exporting activities. In these activities, the using of stick figure often can stimulate the imagination of students, and conduce to the development of activities. In writing teaching, teachers provide students with some simple drawing which supplement key words and phrases as hint. And then make students to develop their writing activities. Furthermore, teachers may offer students a story and a group of pictures, and ask them rewrite the story on the basis of those pictures arbitrarily and enrich the story. For example, teachers provide such a story to students,“It is 3 oclock in the afternoon. A boy is waiting for bus at a bus stop. At that time a lady comes near to him and asks him how to get to Huanggang Normal University. Then the boy” And then provide a set of pictures to students, ask students to rewrite the story discretionally. As shown in the following figures:VI. ConclusionStick figure is widely used by foreign language teachers in primary and secondary schools, but it is not the only means of Audio-visual aids object teaching methods. The teachers should use stick figure in flexible way, conducting stick fig