subjunctive mood虚拟语气.ppt

SubjunctiveMood 虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实 而是一种假设 愿望 怀疑或推测 虚拟语气 非真实条件句 虚拟语气在从句中的用法 混合及含蓄虚拟条件句表达法 宾语从句中的应用 Wish的用法 Itis 结构的虚拟式 混合虚拟 含蓄条件 状语从句中的用法 一 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 1 真实条件句 陈述语气 假设的情况可能发生 if是 如果 的意思 e g Ihecomes hewillbringhisviolin e g Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit WillrainB rainsC rainedD israined2 非真实条件句 其假设分为三种情况 与现在事实相反 与过去事实相反 与未来事实相反 e g IfIwereyou IwouldstudyEnglish Ifyouhadbeenhereearlier youcouldhaveseenwhathappened Ifyouweretosucceed everythingwouldbeallright B Ifthey be here they helpyou Ifshe work harder she succeed Ifhe come yesterday I tell himaboutit Ifhe fail intheexperimentthistime he try again Ifhe be abird he fly inthesky IshouldhavecalledyouifI know yourtelephonenumber Ifitwere snow tomorrow theywouldnotgoout IfI know howtoski Iwouldhavejoinedyou PeoplewouldbelievemystoryifI be notsoyoung Ifhe follow thedoctor sadvice hewouldnothavedied were would hadworked wouldhavesucceeded hadcome couldhavetold weretofail wouldtry were would hadknown tosnow hadknown were hadfollowed e g Ifhe he thatfood Luckily hewassenttothehospitalimmediately waswarned wouldnottakeB hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenC wouldbewarned hadnottakenD wouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken 答案是B 此句表示与过去相反的假设 条件从句中的动词应用 had 过去分词 形式 这里用被动结构 主句中的动词用 would have 过去分词 的形式 答案是C 当条件从句中有were had should等现成助动词时 可以把if略 从句用倒装形式 WereIinyourposition Iwouldgo HadmylawyerbeenherelastSaturday hewouldhavehelpedme ShouldIbefreetomorrow Icouldgowithyou e g he hewouldnothavetakenthefood Will warnB Would warnedC Had warnedD have warned 在表示假设的动词wish引导的宾语从句中did 与现在愿望相反 wishhaddone 与过去愿望相反 should would do 与将来愿望相反 1 IwishIwereastallasyou 2 Hewishedhehadn tsaidthat 3 Iwishitwouldraintomorrow e g Iwishshe withustosharethejoy IsB willbeC wereD shouldbee g IwishI youyesterday seenB didseeC hadseenD weretosee 答案是C 句子表示与现在事实相反的一种愿望 即 他现在没有与我们一起分享快乐 所以句中的动词应用过去式 答案是C 表示昨天没有见过你 与过去事实相反 故用过去完成时表示 1 在wouldrather wouldprefer等表希望之后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气 wouldrather did 表示与现在或将来事实相反 haddone 表示与过去事实相反 e g I dratheryouhadn tdonethat Don tcometomorrow I dratheryoucameagainthedayaftertomorrow He dratherhischildrendidn tmakesomuchnoise I dpreferyouhadseenthefilmyesterday ShallItellthemthenews No Iwouldratherthey know A won tB don tC wouldn tD didn t D 2 用在表示愿望 建议 命令 请求等动词引导的宾语从句中 should do 常用动词有 demand request prefer order suggest insist ask decide等 e g Theteacherisverystrictwithhisstudents herequests asks thateverystudentnotbelateforclass e g TheheadmasterhasdecidedthatthemeetingbeheldonMondaymorning Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody therules ObeysB wouldobeyC willobeyD obey 当suggest作 表明 暗示 insist作 坚持说 讲时 后面的宾语从句要用相应的陈述语气 e g Heinsistedthathehaddoneright e g Hisfacesuggestedthathewasill D 三 Itis 结构后的虚拟式1 在 Itis adj done thatclause的句中 谓语动词用 should do better natural probable possible strange necessary demanded requested required suggested e g Itisnecessarythatyou should bepresentatthemeeting 2 在 Itis n 的结构中 从句中的谓语用 should do shouldhavedone表示惊奇 惶惑 怀疑 不满等作用 e g Itisnowonderthatheshouldhavesucceeded Itisapitythatheshouldbeabsent 3 Itis high about time thatclause 的句中应使用虚拟语气 其动词用 did shoulddo 指现在或将来 e g Itis high timethatwewent shouldgo It stimetheboyshouldbesenttoschoolnow It stimetheboywassenttoschoolnow 但 It Thisis wasthefirst second timethatclause 中的谓语动词用 havedone haddone 1 Itisnecessarythatyou presentatthediscussion WillbeB areC shouldbeD were2 Itwasrequestedthattheirworkingconditions willbeimprovedB improvedC beimprovedD Improve3 It stimewe leaveB willleaveC leftD hadleft C C C 四 asif asthough引导的方式状语从句和表语从句中1 从句动作若发生在主句之前 从句中的谓语动词用 haddone 1 Helookedasifhehadjuststeppedoutofmybooksoffairytalesandhadpassedmelikeaspirit 2 Hetalks talked asifhehadbeentoAmericabefore 2 从句与主句所表达的动作同时发生 从句中用 did be用were 1 Isawthemasterlookingabouthimasifhewishedtoimpressuponhismindeverythingintheroom 2 Helooksasifhewereill 3 从句中假设的情况在主句动作之后 从句中用过去将来时 Hetalksasifhewouldgotothemoonsomeday 1 whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit BreaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken2 thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey friendsforyears ShouldbeB wouldbeC havebeenD hadbeen C D 1 表示错综时间的虚拟语气 主句的动作和条件从句的动作不是发生在同一时间 Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor sadvice hewouldbeallrightnow Ifshehadarrivedhomethismorning shemightseeherdyingmotherthisafternoon Ifhehadlistenedtome hewouldnotbeinsuchtroublenow 2 用butfor 或without等介词短语来代替条件从句 意为 如果没有 表示一种含蓄条件 e g Butfor Without John Janewouldhavefallenintowater Withoutelectricityhumanlifewouldbequitedifferent 3 只有条件句的虚拟语气 常用与Ifonly Iwish 引导的感叹句中 意为 要是 该多好啊 e g Ifonlyshehadnotleft 要是她没离开该多好啊 Ifonlysheweremysister 1 Withoutelectricityhumanlife quitedifferenttoday isB willbeC wouldhavebeenD wouldbe2 Butforthestorm we earlier willarriveB shouldhavearrivedC arriveD arrived3 Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest soitseemsasifthesun roundtheearth circlesB iscirclingC becirclingD werecircling4 Thechairmanrequestedthat themembersstudiedtheproblemmorecarefullytheproblemweremorecarefullystudiedtheproblemcouldbestudiedwithmorecarethemembersstudytheproblemmorecarefully D B D D 5 That sabeautifulcoatinthewindow Itcertainlyis IfIhadthemoney buyit I dB I llC ImayD Ishall6 Jillwouldratherwe now butwemustgotowork NotleaveB hadnotleftC didn tleaveD nottobeleft7 Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath IwishI toit hadn tgoneB haven tgoneC didn tgoD couldnothavegone8 Hetalkedasifhe foryears IslivingthereB waslivingthereC HaslivedthereD hadlivedthere A C A D 9 jack sbeenillforseveralweeks Iknow Iwish seeadoctor A heshouldB hecanC he llD hecould10 Itistimethatwe thispractice A stopB stoppedC willstopD haves