




已阅读5页,还剩5页未读, 继续免费阅读
版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
高中英语构词法总结整理第一部分:转化法(由一个词类转化成另一个词类)变化形式例 示1.动词转化为名词,这类动词变为名词后,常跟have, make, take等词搭配表示一个动作。have a look / talk / wash / swim / rest / break / try / go / quarrel / smoke / dream / fight / ride / drink / laugh / dance / bath / interview make a study / guess / visit / call / change / stay / answer / reply / promise / record / charge (控告) / offer (提议) / request take a seat / drive / look / bath 2. 表示具体实物的名词课转化为动词。write a book - book a ticket a safety pin -pin papers togethera bicycle chain-chain a boat to a tree a map of Europe- map the South Polea drop of water-water the flowers a row of buttons- button up your coat3.表示身体某部分的名词可以转化为动词。shake hands with the foreigners- Hand in your assignment, please.The stone hit him on the head.- Head straight for the factory.Her face turns red with cold.- Her house faces south.Take a child in ones arms.- be armed to the teeth.4.表示某类人的名词可转化为动词。The nurse on duty is nursing the patient.He is no fool at all and you cant fool him easily.send for a doctor; doctor a cold5. 表示抽象概念的名词可转化为动词。Time is a bird for ever on the wing.- Take a deep breath and Ill time you.Wont you stay for lunch? -Ill lunch you well at Beijing Hotel.We have a good summer holiday this year.- We summered at the seaside the other day.6. 有些形容词可作动词用。Your watch is five minutes slow.- Slow down your car in the crowded streets.Lets sit in the shade and get cool.-Open the windows to cool the room.An empty house- Please empty out all your pockets第二部分:派生法(在词根上加前缀构成新词)前缀意 义例 示表示否定意义的前缀1dis加在名词、形容词,动词之前。disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系)disadvantage(缺点)dishonorable(不光彩的)disagree(不同意)disable, disabled, disability, disappoint, disaster, discount, discover discuss, dishonest, dismiss, disobey, disturb, disrespectful, disgusting, dishonest, dislike, disrupt, distinguish, distribute, disagree, disappear, discomfort, discontinuously, disfavour, dishonorable, disorganized, disunity, disadvantage, discourage2in-加在形容词,名词之前 incorrect(不正确的),inability(无能,无力),inaccurate(不准确的)indirect, indescribable, independence, inconvenient inexperience , informal, 3im-加在字母m, b, p之前 impossible(不可能的),impolite(不礼貌的),improbable, immodest, imperfect4il-加在以l开头的词前illegal(非法的),illiterate(文盲的,无文化的),illogical(不合逻辑的)illegible (难读的)5.ir-加在r开头的单词前irregular(不规则的) , irresistible(不可抵抗的), irresolvable (不能分解的,不能解决的)irresponsible, irreligious, irremovable 6un-加在名词,形容词,副词之前 unfinished(未完成的)undoubted(无疑的)unemployment, unable, unbelievable, uncertain, uncomfortable, unconscious, unfriendly, unprotected, unnatural, unhappiness, unfortunately, unexpected, unforgettable, unnecessary, unconditional, unfold, uncover, unearth, unemployment, unattractive, unaccustomed7non-加在形容词,名词前 non-existence(不存在),non-essential(不主要的),non-electrical(非电的), nonhuman, non-stop, non-smoker, non-violent, nonsense, non-fiction, non-professional8dis-构成副词,名词,动词之前,不,非,相反;相对disappear(消失),disarm(解除武装),disconnect(失去联系),disable, disabled, disability9de-加在名词,形容词之前 1 的反义词;2.除掉;去掉;(使)脱离,取消 3.降低;贬值demobilize(遣散;使复员) decolor(脱色,漂白) decade, decide, declare, defend, defeat, definite, defame, defrost ,delay, describe, departure, design, delight, deliver, demand , deforest, decontrol, destructive, detail, decrease, develop, devalue, devote, depend, decompose, decline10anti-加在名词、形容词,副词之前.1.反;反对2.对立;对立面anti-Japanese(抗日战争),anti-social(厌恶社会的,反社会的),antidote(解毒药),antifreeze, antinuclear, antisocial, anti-American11counter-加在名词、动词前 counterattack(反攻,反击),counteract(抵抗,阻碍)counterrevolution(反革命)counter-balance , counter-terrorism, counteract, counter-attack表示“在之前”Before1pre- preconception(成见)pre-existing(先而存在的)pre-selection(选举前的)preface(前言),prearranged, prewar, preview, preheat, pretend, previous, prefix, preheat, preface, preposition, prehistory2ante- anteroom(前厅,接待室),antecessor(先行者,先驱者)antedate v.把 的日期提前3fore- forehead(前额),foreground(前景),foreman(工头,领班),foresee(预见,先见),foretell(预言),forefather, forefinger, foreword, forewarn, forecast4Pro- 1.在前;2.拥护;支持;亲向;向前;在前 programme(计划),prologue(序幕)pro-American , pro-European, pro-democracy, progress. Pronoun, protect. Promise, produce, profit, promote5Ex- 以前的,前任的;出自;向外;超出;完全,彻底,免除,离开 ex-president(前任总统)ex-wife(前妻)express, explain, ex-wife, export, exhibit, exceed, exchange, exclude, explore, extend, expose, excite, ex-president, ex-child actor expandAstro-(构成名词,形容词和副词) 星的;天体的;外层空间的,宇宙空间(的)Astronaut, astronomy, astrophysics, astrology, astronomer, astro-engineerAuto-(构成名词,形容词和副词)1.自己的,本身的2.自动的,无人操作的Autobiography, automatic, autograph, automobile, autoimmune, automatically, automatic pilotBe-视作Belittle, befriend, befoolBi-(构成名词和形容词)二;两次;两倍,双Bicycle, bilingual, biplaneBio- (构成名词,形容词或副词)生物的;人生的Biochemistry, biology, biosphere, biological. bioorganicby- 或 bye-(构成名词和动词)次要的;副的;从属的;辅助的;附近,临近;边,侧A by-product , by-election, by name, bystander, bypass , by-place, by-work, by-lawCo-(构成形,副,名和动词)和一起;共同;联合Co-produced, cooperatively, co-author , coexist, coincidence, cooperate, cooperationCol-(用在l前构成名,形和动词前)合作,协作colleague ,collaborate , collocate, collectiveCom- (用在b,m,p前构成名,形,动词)与,和,连同Combine, command, commit, community, compose, compound, compromise, communicateCon-(用在c,d, f, g, j, n, q, s,t, v前构成名,形,动词)与;连同Concentrate, concurrent, condense, confirm, confuse, congratulate, conjoin, connection, conquest, conserve, convey, consult, contemporary, convince, converge, conscience, concludeCor- (用在r前构成名,动,形)与相反Correlate, correlation, correspondence, corrupt, correlativeContra-(构成名,动,形)反对,相反;与相反Contradict, contradiction, contrary, contravene, contrastCounter-(构成名,形,副词)逆,反对,相应,对应Counter-balance, counter-terrorism, counteract,counter-attack三.表示其他的前缀表示“后post”的前缀1post- post-war(战后),post-plsition(后置词),postmeridian(下午) 表示“低”、“下”的前缀 1Hypo- Hypocrisy(伪善,虚伪),hypothesis(假设),hypochlorite(次氯酸盐) 2Infra- Infra-red(红外线),infrahuman(低于人类的),infrasonic(亚声的,次声的) 3Sub- Sub-editou(副编辑),sub-way(地铁),sub-conscious(下意识的),submarine(海下的),subtropical(亚热带的),subtitle(副标题)表示“回”、“再次”、“向后”的前缀 1Re- Refuel(给加油)retranslate(再译),reinforce(加强),reconstruct(重建),return(返回) 2Retro- Retrograde(倒退的),retrospect(回顾) 表示“共同”、“和”的前缀 1Co- co-exist(共存),co-operate(合作),co-education(男女同校) 表示“相互”、“之间”的前缀 1Inter- Interchangeble(可互换的),interdipendert(互相依靠的),international(国际的),inter-national(交往) 表示“出”、“超出”的前缀 1Ec- Eclipse(蚀),ecstasy(狂想) 2Extra- Extraordinary(非凡的),extramural(校外的),extrasensory(超感觉的) 表示“超过”的前缀 1hyper-,preter-,super-,sur-,ultra- hyper-sensitive(过敏的),preterhuman(超人的) 其它的前缀1auto-自 automatic(自动的),auto-autobiography(自传) 2mal-坏,恶 Malnutrition(营养不良),maltreat(虐待) 3Micro- Microscope(显微镜),microtome(切片机) 4Tele-远 Telegram(电报),telephone(电话),telescope(望远镜) 5Demi-,semi-hemi- Semi-circle(半圆),hemisphere(半球),demilune(半月,新月) 6Uni-,mono-(单一,单独) Monotone(单调),monologue(独白),uniform(制服) 7Bi-,di-二 Biyearly(二年一次的),biweekly(二周一次的),dichloride(二氯化物) 8Tri-三 Triangle(三角),tripld(三角架) 9Multi-多 multi-colored(颜色多样的),multi-national(多国的) 10Poly多 Polygon(多角形),polytomic(多原子的) 11Arch首领 archbishop(大主教),architect(建筑师) 12bene-善,好 benefit(利益),benevolence(善意) 13homo-同 homosexual(同性恋的),homograph(同形异义字) 14neo新 neo-colonialism(新殖民主义),neolithic(新石器时代的) 15ortho-正确,直 orthogonal(直角的),orthodox(正统) 16philo-挚爱 philosopher(哲学家)17proto-原始 protohydrogen(初氢),prototype(原型),protoplasm(原生质) 18pseudo-假的,伪的,冒充的 pseudonym(匿名),pseudo-communism(假共产主义) 19a-,ab-,abs-(只有在t,c之前)从,自 avoid(避免),absent(缺少的),abstain(抑制),abstract(吸引) 20Apo-,aph-来自 apology(道歉,谢罪),apostle(倡言者,先驱) 21se-分离 separation(分开),secure(安全的),sedition(煽动叛乱) 22para-防 parachute(降落伞), 23omni-所有的,公共的 omnibus(公共汽车),omnipotence(万能) 24pan-全,泛 Pan-American(全美的),pancean(万灵药),panorama(风景的全貌;万花筒) 25panto-全 pantisocracy(乌托邦大同世界),pantoscopic(视野广大) 26dia-通过,借以 diagonal(对角的),diagnosis(诊断),dialogue(对话) 27Per-通过,彻底,不利 perambrlate(走来走去),perfect极好的 28.trans-通过,横过 transcript(抄本,副本;记录),translation(翻译),trxnsparent(透明的),transport(运输),trans-plant(移植) 29Com-,con-,cor-,col-共同,和,完全 comment(评论),compile(编辑),correlation(相互关系),collect(收集),corruption(贪污腐败),collaborate(合作,合著) 30syn-共同 Synonym(同义词)synchronization(同步)syntonic(谐振的)synthetic(人工的,合成的) 31meta-和,在之后 metaphor(比喻),metaphysics(形而上学) 32Cis-在这一边 cisatlantic(大西洋这边的) 33pen- 把关入围栏, 囚禁 peninsular(.住在半岛上的居民,半岛(状)的,形成半岛的) 34en-,em-往里,使 encamp(扎营),enable(使能),endear(使受喜爱),embrace(拥抱,抓住(机会)) 35intro内在 intracardiac(心脏内部的)intramolecular(分子内部的),intracellular(细胞内部的) 36intro-到中 introduce(介绍),introspect(反省,内省) 37dys-坏 dyspepsia(消化不良),dysentery(痢疾) 38Eu-优,美好 eulogy(颂词),euphony(悦耳的声音) 39ambi-,amphi-两者 amphibian(两栖的),ambidextrous(两只手都很灵巧的;心怀二意的;非常灵巧的) 40penta-五 pentagon(五角大楼),pentagram(五角星),pentameter(五步诗句) 41sex-六 sexangle(六角),sexennial(六年一度的) 42sept-七 September九月(古罗马的七月),septennial(七年一度) 43hepta-七 heptab(七个成套之物),heptagon(七角形) 44octa-,octo,oct八 octagon(八角形),octuple(八倍)October(十月) 45nona-,ennea-九 nonagon(九角形),ennead(九个一组) 46deci-, deca-十 decimal(十进位的),decagramme(十克) 47centi-百 centimeter(厘米),centipede(蜈蚣) 48milli-千 millenary(千年的),millimeter(毫米) 49Kilo-千 kilowatt(千瓦),kilometer(千米)B.后缀形式终于到后缀了,晓飛我整理的累死了 ,说道后缀是一种重要的构词法,通过后缀我们常常可以判断出一个词的词性。下面分四大类分别讲解一些常见后缀及其含义:一、名词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1-ster,-eer,-er(or)意为:从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(person engaged in an occupation or activity)例词:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,profiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor 2-let意为:小或者不重要的东西(small,unimportant things)例词:booklet,leaflet,starlet 3-ette意为:1)小的东西(small)例词:cigarette2)假的东西(imitation)例词:leatherette3)女性(female)例词:usherette 4-ess意为:女性(female)例词:actress,poetess,hostess,paintress 5-hood意为:时期(status;etc)例词:boyhood,childhood,manhood 6-ship意为:才能,状态,资格,品质等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例词:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship 7-ful意为:量(the amount which noun contains)例词:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful 8-tion,-ion意为:1)状态,行动等(state;action;etc)例词:action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion2)机构等(institution;etc)例词:organization,foundation 9-ment意为:状态,行动等(state;action;etc)例词:movement,enslavement,pavement 10-al意为:动作(action)例词:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal 11-age意为:程度,数量等(extent;amount;etc)例词:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage 12-ness;-ity(ty)意为:状态,品质(state;quality;etc)例词:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,changeability 13-ism意为:道义,主义,学说等(doctrine of,practice of)例词:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,racism 二、动词后缀 常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1-ify意为:转为,变为(to turn into,to make or become)例词:beautify,diversify,simplify 2-ize;-en意为:使,变得(to make or become;to make into)例词:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten 3-ate意为:增加,使(give or add,make or become)例词:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate 三、形容词后缀:常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下: 1-ful意为:充满,有(full of;having;giving;etc)例词:useful,pitiful,hopeful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful 2-less意为:没有,无(without;not giving)例词:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless 3-ly意为:有品质的(having the qualities of)例词:beastly,manly,brotherly,friendly 4-like意为:像的(like)例词:childlike,statesmanlike,tiger-like 5-y;-ish意为:像一般的(some what like)例词:meaty,sandy,silky,hairy,leafy,watery,foolish,girlish,blackish,thinnish 6-some意为:像一样的;引起的;有品质的(like;causing;having the quality of
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 2025版师生教育信息化应用合作协议范本
- 2025年酒店内部员工饭堂承包经营合同范本
- 2025年新能源设备采购合同谈判与签订服务协议
- 2025版航空设备定期检修与维修合同
- 2025年度新型节能环保项目保证合同范本
- 2025年二手车维修保养服务买卖合同书规范文本
- 2025年度新能源电动车关键配件经销合同范本
- 2025年度城市绿化建设项目房屋拆迁安置合同
- 2025版铝单板仓储物流与销售代理合同
- 2025版智能水电系统施工维护劳务服务合同模板
- 厨房刀具安全培训课件
- 私密抗衰培训课件
- 2025年全国高中物理竞赛试题及答案
- 2024风电项目开工管理办法
- 供热企业运营管理制度
- 2025年高考真题-英语(全国一卷) 含答案
- RocketMQ分布式消息中间件:核心原理与最佳实践
- 绿色矿山服务合同协议书
- T/CIE 170-2023企业级固态硬盘测试规范第6部分:环境适应性测试
- 院感各类应急预案培训
- 2025年云南省事业单位考试c类真题及答案
评论
0/150
提交评论