第03章要素禀赋理论(英文习题)

第3章 要素禀赋理论 英文习题 CHOICE QUESTIONS（ ）1. Which of the following suggests that a nation will export the commodity in the production of which a great deal of its relatively abundant（adj. 丰裕的） and cheap factor is used? a. The Linder theory（林德理论） b. The product life cycle theory（产品生命周期理论）c. The MacDougall theory d. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory（赫克歇尔-俄林理论）（ ）2. According to the factor-endowment theory, a nation will a. Export that product for which a large amount of the relatively scarce（adj. 稀缺的） resource is usedb. Import that product in the production of which the relatively abundant（adj. 丰裕的） resource is usedc. Import that product in the production of which the relatively scarce resource is usedd. Export and import simultaneously that product for which a large amount of the relatively scarce resource is used（ ）3. The Leontief paradox（里昂惕夫之谜） questioned the validity（n. 有效性） of the theory of: a. Comparative advantage b. Factor endowments（要素禀赋）c. Overlapping demands（重叠需求） d. Absolute advantage（ ）4. According to H-O theorem（H-O定理）, differences in（ ）determine relative price levels and the pattern of trade.a. Technology level b. Consumers preference（消费者偏好）c. The relative abundance of resources d. Transportation costs（ ）5. Assume that Country A, in the absence of trade, finds itself relatively abundant in labor and relatively scarce in land. The factor endowment theory reasons that with free trade, the internal distribution（n. 分配） of national income in Country A will change in favor of（有利于）: a. Labor b. Land c. Both labor and land d. Neither labor nor land（ ）6. The trade model of the Swedish economists Heckscher and Ohlin maintains（v. 认为） that: a. Absolute advantage determines the distribution of the gains from tradeb. Comparative advantage determines the distribution of the gains from tradec. The division of labor（劳动分工）is limited by the size of the world marketd. A country exports goods for which its resource endowments（资源禀赋）are most suited（ ）7. According to the factor-endowment theory, relative price levels differ among nations becausea. The nations have different relative endowments of factorb. The nations have different market scale（市场规模） and market structure c. The nations have different population sized. The nations have different income level（ ）8. Simply put（简单来说）, the Stolper-Samuelson theorem（斯托珀-萨缪尔森定理） states that:a. An increase in the price of an export increases the income of the resources that it uses intensively in its productionb. An increase in the price of an export reduces the income earned by resources that are used intensively in its production c. An increase in the price of an export reduces the income of all factors that it uses s in its productiond. An increase in the price of an export increases the income of all factors used in its production（ ）9. The Stolper-Samuelson theorem（斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森定理） suggests that even though free trade may provide overall gains for a country, there are winners and losers. Given this conclusion（n. 结论）, it is not surprising that a. Owners of relatively abundant（adj. 丰裕的） resources and owners of relatively scarce（adj. 稀缺的） factors tend to favor（v. 支持，赞同） free tradeb. Owners of relatively abundant resources and owners of relatively scarce factors tend to favor trade restrictions（贸易限制）c. Owners of relatively abundant resources tend to favor free trade, while （conj. 但是，然而） owners of relatively scarce factors tend to favor trade restrictionsd. Owners of relatively abundant resources tend to trade restrictions, while owners of relatively scarce factors tend to favor free trade（ ）10. Researchers have increasingly focused on（致力于） the importance of worker skills in the creation of comparative advantage. Investments in skill, education, and training, which enhance（v. 提高，增加） a workers productivity, create（ ） in much the same manner that investments in machinery create physical capital（实物资本，有形资本）.a. Human capital b. Human resource c. Physical capital d. New taste and preference（ ）11. Even if the export-revenue（n. 收入，所得） effect, by itself, tends to increase the nations welfare, the terms of trade effect may deteriorate so as to lead to a net decline（n. 下降，减少） in the nations welfare, the phenomenon is calleda. Leonief paradox b. Factor intensity reversal（要素密集度逆转） c. Demand reversal（需求逆转） d. Immiserizing growth（悲惨增长）（ ）12. The statements about prerequisites（n. 前提） of immiserizing growth（悲惨增长） are false:a. A nations economic growth is export-biased（adj. 偏向出口的） b. A nation is a small nation（小国） c. A nations marginal propensity to import（进口边际倾向） is very high d. A nations price elasticity of demand（需求价格弹性） of its export is very low（ ）13. At constant commodity prices, an increase in the endowment of one factor will increase by a greater proportion the output of the commodity intensive in that factor and will reduce the output of the other commodity, the statement is calleda. Factor-price Equalization Theorem b. Stolper-Samuelson Theorem c. Rybczynski Theorem（罗伯津斯基定理） d. H-O TheoremTRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS（ ）1. The factor-endowment theory highlights（v. 强调） the relative abundance of a nations resources as the key factor underlying（v. 决定，构成的基础） comparative advantage. （ ）2. According to the factor-endowment theory, a nation will import that good for which a large amount of the relatively abundant resource is used. （ ）3. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory（赫克歇尔-俄林理论） suggests that land-abundant nations will export land-intensive goods（土地密集型产品）while labor-abundant nations will export labor-intensive goods.（ ）4. The factor-endowment theory asserts（v. 断言，宣称） that with specialization（n. 专业化）and trade there tends to occur an equalization（n. 均等）in the relative resource prices of trading partners. （ ）5. According to the factor-endowment theory, international specialization（n. 专业化） and trade cause a nations cheap resource to become cheaper and a nations expensive resource to become more expensive.（ ）6. According to the factor-price-equalization theory（要素价格均等化理论）, international trade results in the relative differences in resource prices between nations being eliminated（v. 消失，排除，淘汰）. （ ）7. The Leontief Paradox was the first major challenge to the product-life-cycle theory of trade.Correct: The Leontief Paradox was the first major challenge to the factor-endowment theory.（ ）8. The Leontief Paradox suggested that, in contrast to（与形成对照，与相比）the predictions of the factor-endowment theory, U.S. exports were less capital-intensive（资本密集型）than U.S. import-competing goods. （ ）9. Immiserizing growth（贫困化增长，悲惨增长）occurs when export-biased growth generates an improving terms-of-trade effect that adds to the gains of increased output.（ ）10. Export-biased growth（出口偏向型增长）is based on an expansion of a resource, or an improvement in technology, used intensively（adv. 密集地，集中地） in the production of an export commodity.（ ）11. According to Rybczynski theorem, an increase in the relative price of a commodity raises the return or earnings（n. 收益） of the factor used intensively in the production of the commodity. At the same time the real return（n. 收入） to the nations scarce factor of production will fall.（ ）12. According to the Stolper-Samuelson theorem, at constant commodity prices, an increase in the endowment of one factor will increase by a greater proportion the output of the commodity intensive in that factor and will reduce the output of the other commodity.（ ）13.The factor-endowment theory assumes （v. 认为，假定） that technology and tastes and preferences are approximately the same between countries, and thus it emphasizes the role of relative differences in resource endowments as the ultimate （adj. 最终的，首要的） determinant （n. 决定因素） of comparative advantage.（ ）14.The Factor-Price Equalization（要素价均等化） Theory asserts that a nation with trade finds output expanding in its comparative-advantage industry, which used a lot of the cheap,