现代大学英语精读5 Lesson 1 Where Do We Go from Here 重点词组 总结.doc

Lesson 1Where Do We Go from Here?Martin Luther King Jr. Para. 11、be in proportion to与成比例In proportion to the number of students we should build 3 dining rooms. 按学生人数，我们应该建三个餐厅。 你认为我们的薪水与付出的努力相称吗? Do you think we are paid in proportion to the effort we make? Para. 22、substantially 本质上/大体上=essentially 相当地/非常=considerablyHis criticism is substantially correct.批评大体上是The price may go up quite substantially. The companys profits have been substantially lower this year.There are one or two minor differences, but theyre substantially the same text. Para. 33、We must massively assert our dignity and worth. Paraphrase: We must state clearly and in an impressive令人钦佩的/给人以深刻印象的way that we should be treated with respect and our value should be recognized. 我们必须坚决维护我们的尊严与价值。4、The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy. Paraphrase: It is no easy job to educate a people who have been told over centuries that they were inferior to others to see that设法做到they are humans, the same as white people. ？Para. 45、A white lie is better than a black lie. Paraphrase: A lie concerning a trivial matter used for good intention is better than a sinister阴险的/灾难性的lie.一个无关紧要的谎言总比一个恶意的谎言要好。Q: Does English have such phrases as “white lie” and “black lie”?Para. 56、strip him of his personhood剥夺他的人格cultivate培养in him a sense of inferiority7、To upset this cultural homicide杀人, the Negro must rise up with an affirmation of his own Olympian manhood. 为了挫败这种文化封杀，黑人必须奋起申明自己高贵的人格。Q: Why does the speaker compare the tendency to “cultural homicide”?8、And, with a spirit, the Negro must boldly throw off the manacles of self-abnegation克己 黑人必须竭尽全力以自尊自重的精神，大胆抛弃自我否定的枷锁。 manacle： shackle9、and this self-affirmation is the black mans need, made compelling引人注目的；强制的by the white mans crimes against him. 黑人需要这种自我肯定，而白人反对黑人的罪行使这种自我肯定更显必要。Para. 610、in terms of就而论，在方面In terms of money, hes quite rich, but not in terms of happiness. The job is great in terms of salary, but it has its disadvantages. 这篇文章就观点来说还是不错的，但是语言方面有一些小错误。 This essay is quite good in terms of idea, however, there are some minor mistakes in language expression. 11、be subject to: 容易遭受，屈服My mother is very subject to headaches经常头疼. Japan is subject to earthquakes. The prices for steel钢铁are subject to change随时发生着变化. Our plans are subject to the weather计划取决于天气. While in this country you are subject to its laws. 12、Stripped of the right to make decisions concerning his life and destiny he has been subject to the authoritarian and sometimes whimsical decisions of this white power structure. 被剥夺了决定自己生活和命运的权利，他只能听任这个白人权利机构所作出的决定摆布。这些决定是专断的，有时甚至是反复无常的。Para. 713、off base: wrong, mistaken (informal) adj.大错特错I asked for a rough estimate but it was way off base. 我要的是近似估算,结果却完全搞错了。 His idea is completely off base. 他的想法大错特错。 14、identify with视.为同一事物，等同Never identify wealth with happiness. 千万不要把财富和幸福等同起来。 He identifies beauty with goodness. 他认为美与善是一致的。I identified with the heroine of the novel. 我与小说中的那个女主人公感同身受。 Para. 815、power without love is reckless不顾后果的and abusive, and love with power is sentimental感伤的and anemic贫血的. Parallel排比 没有爱的权力是毫无节制、易被滥用的，而没有权力的爱则是多愁善感、苍白无力的。16、Power at its best is love implementing贯彻/执行the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love. Parallel排比 权力的最佳形式就是用爱来实现公正的要求，公正的最佳形式则是以权力来纠正任何与爱对立的事物。Para. 917、 immoral power & powerless morality rhetorical device修辞手法: chiasmus kaizms交错配列法Para. 1018、Now early in this century this proposal would have been greeted with ridicule and denunciation, as destructive of initiative and responsibility.在本世纪之初，这种建议会受到嘲笑和谴责，认为它对主动性和责任感起负面作用。destructive of: 对起破坏性作用19、 the absence of worldly goods财产 indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber.Paraphrase: a person was poor because he was lazy and lacked a sense of right and wrong.a want of缺乏；需要: a shortage of, lack ofmoral fiber: 道德素质20、Now we realize that dislocations in the market operations of our economy and the prevalence of discrimination thrust people into idleness懒惰/失业and bind约束them in constant or frequent unemployment against their will. 我们的经济市场运作混乱、歧视盛行，迫使人们无事可做并违背他们的意愿，使他们长期失业或不断失业。Para. 1221、The fact is that the work which improves the condition of mankind, the work which extends knowledge and increases power and enriches literature and elevates thought, is not done to secure a living. 事实上，人们从事改善人类处境的工作，从事传播知识、增强实力、丰富文学财富以及升华思想的工作并不是为了谋生。22、 a form of work that brings a security for its own sake and a state of society where want is abolished. 这种工作模式出于自身需要带来安全保障，创造了一种废除匮乏的社会形态。Para. 1623、odds 可能性,机会, (+on/against)+(that)against all the odds尽管有极大的困难；尽管极为不利Against all the odds, he recovered from his illness.非常出人意料，他的病竟然痊愈了。Against all the odds she achieved her dream of becoming a ballerina. 她冲破重重困难，终于实现了当芭蕾舞演员的梦想。 The odds are against us. 我们成功的机会很小。She is at odds with her boss.与不和/不一致/争执 Para. 1724、few if any violent revolutions have been successful unless the violent minority had the sympathy and support of the nonresistant majority. 除非主张暴力的少数人得到大多数人的同情与支持，不与他们对抗，否则，暴力革命很少或者说几乎没有成功的。25、on the part of 在.方面; 就.而言The agreement has been kept on the part of the factory. 工厂方面遵守了协议。 由.所表现出的; 由.所作出的There is no objection on the part of the owner of the house. 屋主没有什么异议。 Para. 1826、Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that dont solve, answers that dont answer and explanations that dont explain. paralleled paradoxes平行的悖论. E.g. Its amazing how stylish anti-style can be. 27、address oneself to (formal) 注意力集中于，致力于It is time we addressed ourselves to the main item on the agenda议程/日常工作事项. 现在我们该把注意力集中到议事日程上的主要项目上来了。我们必须致力于解决交通污染问题。 We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.28、get bogged down 陷入，被困住The army got bogged down in the thick squelch嘎吱声 mud. 军队都陷入泥沼中, 行进时烂泥扑哧作声。 Lets focus our attention on the main problem and not get bogged down in minor issues. 抓主要问题, 不要被枝节问题牵掣。Para. 2529、 high blood pressure of creeds and an anemia of deeds. antithesis对比 + rhymeParaphrase: people talk emotionally about racial equality and condemn racial discrimination, but when it comes to taking action to put an end to such evil practice, they are not active. 30、the tragic walls that separate the outer city of wealth and comfort and the inner city of poverty and despair shall be crushed by the battering rams of the forces of justice. antithesis对照 + metaphor + transferred epithet转类形容词transferred epithet: 转移修饰法: 是将适合修饰名词的形容词移用来修饰不属于它修饰范围的名词的辞格。例如sad storm、dreamy house、lying holiday等等。E.g. sleepless night不眠之夜31、every state capitol houses a governor who will do justly, who will love mercy and who will walk humbly with his God. biblical allusionMicah弥迦书（圣经旧约）6: 8: “What does the Lord require of thee but to do justly, to love mercy and to walk humbly谦逊地/卑贱地 with thy God.”32、from every city hall, justice will roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. simile明喻 + synecdochesnekdk提喻：是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。又称举偶法。They were short of hands at harvest time. The White House issued a ban on taxation on liquors.33、when the lion and the lamb shall lie down together, and every man will sit under his own vine and fig tree and none shall be afraid. alliteration + biblical allusionIsaiah以赛亚书（圣经旧约）11: 6 : “The wolf also shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid; and the calf and the young lion and the fatling together; and a little child shall lead them.”Exercises Paraphrase on Page 161、The job of arousing manhood within a people that have been taught for so many centuries that they are nobody is not easy.The Negroes have been told over centuries that they were inferior to others. Therefore, it is not easy to educate them to realize that they are equal as anybody else.2、Psychological freedom, a firm sense of self-esteem, is the most powerful weapon against the long night of physical slavery. Having a strong sense of dignity尊严 and mental freedom, you will be able to fight effectively against racial discrimination.3、The Negro will only be free when he reaches down to the inner depths of his own being and signs with the pen and ink of assertive肯定的；坚定而自信的manhood his own emancipation proclamation. Only when the Negro seek mental freedom by himself and are fully convinced that he is equal as everyone else can he be really free. 4、Power at its best is love implementing the demands of justice, and justice at its best is power correcting everything that stands against love. Power in the best form is the practice of justice with love, and justice in the best form is the power to remedy 补救/治疗/纠正everything that goes against love.5、At that time economic status was considered the measure of the individuals ability and talents. At that time, the way to evaluate a persons ability and talents was to see how wealthy he was. 6、 the absence of worldly goods indicated a want of industrious habits and moral fiber. peoples povert