英汉翻译技巧练习I(student)新.doc

英汉翻译技巧练习I一、词的翻译：3. 文化词语的翻译1. 要坚持“菜蓝子”市长负责制，“米袋子”省长负责制。It is necessary to persist in the system of the city mayors responsibility for the “market basket” and that of the provincial governors responsibility for the “rice bag”.2. 火灾事故发生后，厂里所有与事故有干系的工人都推诿扯皮，说错在别人不关自己的事儿。After the accidental fire in the factory, all the workers involved kept passing the buck, saying it was someone elses fault not theirs.3. 实行“八七扶贫”攻坚计划。To carry out the plan to assist 80 million people in having sufficient food and clothing within seven years.4. 这幢乡村小学教学楼建了7年还未完工，是个典型的“半拉子”工程。Although it was started 7 years ago, the teaching building in this country school remains unfinished, a typical never-to-be finished project.5. 拿到安家费，你就可以如愿给新家买台电脑了。Now that you have the settling-in allowance in hand, you can buy for your new home the computer youve always wanted to have.6. 企业吃国家“大锅饭”，员工吃企业“大锅饭”。The practice of “eating from the same big pot” prevails in the relationship of the enterprise to the state and in that of the workers and staff members to their enterprises.7. 这两个人现在连话都不说，在大学时他们可是拜把兄弟，是最好的哥们儿。The two young men are hardly on speaking terms, but back in the university, they were sworn brothers, the best friends.8. 他计划在自己的本命年骑摩托车飞跃黄河。He plans to cross the Yellow River on a motorcycle during the year of his animal sign.9. 鼻烟壶是中国传统民间工艺品，最早出现在17世纪中期。鼻烟壶的价值不在于其用途，而在于其内画艺术。Snuff bottle is a traditional Chinese folk craftwork, which first appeared in China in the mid-17th century. A snuff bottle is special not because of its practical use but the fact that its painted on the inside.10. 我们要培养出适应社会主义现代化建设需要的一代“四有新人”。We must bring forth a new generation of well-educated and self-disciplined people with lofty ideals and moral integrity, as it is necessary for our socialist modernization drive.11. 已入狱的前市长悔恨地说：“我老婆吹了太多的枕边风给我，我才慢慢开始收取贿赂。”“My wife gave me too much pillow talk to persuade me into taking briberies,” regretted the former mayor who has been put into prison.12. 24岁的李乔明在狱中离奇死亡，而所谓的他在与其他狱友玩“躲猫猫”游戏时受伤致死的说法在网络上激起了众多质疑和热议。The mysterious death of Li Qiaoming, 24, who allegedly died of a head injury while playing a “hide-and-seek” game with fellow detainees, sparked wide discussion and doubts over the Internet.13. 冤家宜解不宜结，可是我不知道两家的世仇什么时候能结束。希望我这一代能看到那一天。I know its better to make friends than enemies, but I dont have an idea when the feud between the two families will end. I hope it does in my generation.14. 城管执法机关约束性法令首次明确了城管执法人员权限和责任，要求执法人员保持“语言文明”、“举止端庄”，严禁城管执法人员滥用职权，谩骂、殴打当事人。The norms, written in the newly-made measures on how urban management officers should exercise their power and responsibilities, requires them to maintain “civilized language” and “dignified conduct” in the process of law enforcement, and bans any abuse of power or verbal and physical assault on others.15. 许多丁克一族一想到带孩子就不寒而栗。Many from so-called DINK families say they shudder at the thought of the pressures kids might bring.5. 词义的引申词义作抽象引申：1. There is a mixture of the tiger and ape in his nature.他的天性既残暴又狡猾。2. Every life has its roses and thorns.每个生命都充满了美好与荆棘。3. She sailed into the room, 她仪态万方（或步态优雅）地走进房间。4. We must keep our powder dry.我们必须随时准备战斗，时刻保持警惕。5. John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.约翰值得信赖，因为他忠诚而守规矩。词义作具体引申：1. Do you see any green in my eye? 你觉得我好骗吗？2. The battlefield became something holy. It was not touched.这个战场成为一个圣地，依然保持当年的旧观。3. The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing.对于来北京的大多数外国游客而言，长城是个必游之地。4. What aids there were to enlighten labor were immemorial.用以减轻劳动量的工具很久以前就存在了。6.增词：1. The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。2. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out他一坐下来就滔滔不绝，侃侃而谈。3. He sank down with his face in his hands.他跌坐下去，双手掩面。4. Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.玛丽的丈夫死于急性肺炎之后，她就以洗衣为生。5. To wash before meal. To wash after getting up. To wash before going to bed.饭前要洗手，起床后要洗漱，睡前要洗澡。6. First you borrow, then you beg.头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。7. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine. 这部打字机真是价廉物美。8. He is a complicated manmoody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.他是一个性格复杂的人喜怒无常，情绪多变，有时还有点忧郁。9. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.他让法官的职责战胜了父子之间的亲情，最终宣布自己儿子有罪。10. Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.记者们纷纷飞到墨西哥去了。11. The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。12. All the rules of the military discipline must be strictly observed.条条军规必须严格遵守。13. Once they had a quarrel.他们曾吵了一架。14. Herb gave her a sly look.赫伯偷偷看了她一眼。7. 重复：1. China is the cradle of ancient and modern cultures.中国既是古代文化的发源地，也是现代文化的摇篮。（中国是古代和现代文化的发源地？）2. Wood can not conduct electricity, nor can glass.木头不能导电，玻璃也不能导电。3. You can do translation work very well, if you care to.如果你专心翻译的话，你可以把翻译工作做得很好的。4. Grammar deals with the structure of language, English grammar with the structure of English.语法讲的是语言结构问题，英语语法讲的是英语结构问题。5. We shall need to apply our scientific and technological resources to literally every aspect of our society, to our commerce, our industry, our medicine, our transportation.我们必须把科学技术资源切实地应用到社会上的每一个方面，应用到商业上，工业上，药物上和交通等方面。8. 综合练习翻译下列句子：1. He never read a book in his life and still writes a schoolboy hand.他这辈子从没读过一本书，所以写起字来依然像个小学生似的。2. Mr. Hunter suddenly failed, and all hands in the mill were turned off.亨特先生突然破产，工厂的所有员工都被辞退了。3. Dont do your own thing, or you will meet with failure.别一意孤行，否则你会失败的。4. With old plaster-casting, the bone takes longer to knit and crippling effects from muscle inactivity result.用打石膏的老办法，骨骼愈合的时间更长，还会因为肌肉不能活动导致残疾的后果。5. Hans was too obviously flattering the gentlemen by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen.汉斯说那位先生是自己见过的最勇敢的人，这显然是在拍他的马屁。6. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture.布朗先生受邀发表演讲，倍感荣幸。7. She fell asleep.她睡着了。8. The city fell to the enemy.这座城市沦陷了。9. Dont walk along the top of the wall; you might fall.别沿着墙顶上行走，你可能会摔下来。10. Her face fell when I told her the news.当我告诉她这个消息时，她的脸沉了下来。11. The ripe fruit fell from the tree.成熟的果实从树上掉了下来。12. Interest rates fell sharply last week.上周利率急剧下跌。13. A prayer was said in memory of those who fell in the war.举行祷告时为了纪念那些在战争中阵亡的将士们。14. A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。15. Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.那些小工厂还在极大地消耗和浪费原材料。16. I am anxious about his health.我很担心他的身体（健康）。17. I was encouraged by our president.我受到校长的鼓励。18. His whole family were religious.他全家都是虔诚的教徒。19. This issue is of vital importance.这个问题至关重要。20. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.独立思考在学习中是必须的。21. It produces a great quantity of oil which can be made into food for human consumption. 它产出大量油可以制成食物供人类食用（消费）。22. Scientists are confident about the formation of coal科学家们确知煤是怎样形成的。23. Scarcity of deer in some areas of Texas is attributed to the screw-worm.德克萨斯州某些地区的羊群之所以稀少是由于螺旋锥蝇造成的。24. They waited a long time before Mussolini suddenly stepped out on the balcony and raised a hand in salute.他们等了很长时间，墨索里尼突然走出来站在阳台，举手敬礼。25. Despite the great gains in industry, agriculture remained the nations basic occupation.尽管在工业方面取得了很大进步，但农业仍然是该国的基础产业。26. Our place in the flows of global capital is equally central.我们在全球资本流动方面也居于中心地位。27. For the international community the most striking consequence of these changes is that China has grown to be the worlds eleventh largest economy, and is set to grow further.对国际社会而言，这些变化所带来的最引人注目的结果就是中国已跃居世界第十一大经济体并且会更强。28. 如蒙早日寄来样品或产品册，不胜感激。It would be appreciated if samples or brochure/catalogue could be forwarded to us soon,.29. 鄙人当尽力而为。Yours truly will try his best.30. 老王说他没着了。Lao Wang said he was at the end of his tether.31. 我们要培养出适应社会主义现代化建设需要的一代“四有新人”。We should bring forth a new generation of well educated and well discipline with lofty ideal and moral integrity to meet the demands of socialist modernization drive (或as/which is necessary for socialist modernization drive).32. 坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。Adherence to the one-China principle is the basis and premise for peaceful reunification.33. 但我的事现在搞得满城风雨、人人皆知了。There has been much publicity about my case.34. 这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。What are these people after? They are after reputation, after status, and want to be in the limelight.35. 太阳出来了，月亮下去了。The sun is up while the moon is down.36. 他熟悉这种晶体管放大器的性能吗？Is he familiar with the functions/performance of the transistor amplifier?37. 这块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒钟。The watch never varies more than one second in a month.38. 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。Only when we study their features can we use these materials better.39. 打得赢就打，打不赢就走。Fight when you can win and move away when you cannot.40. 他到过的国外地方，我在半个世纪以前就到过了，如伦敦、巴黎、罗马、佛罗伦萨等欧洲城市。Overseas, he has been to such places as London, Paris, Rome, and Florence in Europe, which I had visited half century ago.二、正反译法：1. He knew he was mortally ill.他知道自己病得不轻。2. The first bombs missed the target.第一批炸弹没有击中目标。3. Such a chance was denied me.我没有得到这样一个机会。4. We can safely say so.我们这么说错不了。5. His refusal is not final.他的拒绝还有回旋的余地。6. This failure is the making of him.这次失败成就了他。7. We believe that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust.我们相信年轻一代是不会辜负我们信任的。8. He was 75, but he carried his years lightly.他75岁了，但并不显老。9. My guess is as good as yours.我俩的猜测差不了多少。10. The decision is to come.决定尚未作出。11. Dont lose time in posting this letter.抓紧时间寄这封信。12. The significance of these incidents wasnt lost on us.我们并没忽略这些事的重要性。13. He saw at once that Phil was not all right.他一眼就看出菲尔不对劲。14. The conclusion we reached in Britain is that change simply cannot sensibly be put off.我们在英国得出的结论是变革是大势所趋。15. Let bygones be bygones.既往不咎。16. Haste makes waste.欲速则不达。17. Be careful! Mind my right arm! 小心点！别碰到我的右臂！18. She told me, as I departed, that shed hate to be in my position. 我离开的时候她告诉我，她可不愿意接替我的位置。19. Cease-fires in the Mideast have an unhappy habit of becoming unstuck.中东地区的停火协议总是不能持久，令人不快。20. He told us of his success with undisguised delight.他告诉我们他成功的消息，毫不掩饰心中的喜悦（喜悦之情溢于言表）。21. Dancing in public with a lot of country girls! Im surprised that you could even think of it.当众和一群乡下姑娘跳舞！我真没想到你会有这样的念头。22. Washington must do something about the situation, and soon.华盛顿应该就此形势采取行动，刻不容缓。三、被动态的译法：1. Today this treasury of silt is trapped behind the dam, and there is no effective drainage system.如今宝贵的泥沙被拦在大坝的另一边，也没有有效的排水系统。2. Yet the Nile has been changed by modern man in ways not yet fully understood.然而尼罗河已为现代人所改变，其方式到目前尚未被完全理解。3. Warmer temperatures are expected to present both benefits and challenges to livestock operations.人们认为温度上升既会给家畜养殖带来好处，也会带来挑战。4. In case of non-delivery, letters must be returned to the senders.信件无法投递时，务必退还寄信人。5. The collection of poems has been translated into many foreign languages.这部诗集已经译成多种语言。6. Visitors are requested to leave their coats in the cloak-room.请来宾将外套留在衣帽间。7. Liars are not believed even when they tell the truth.爱撒谎的人即便说真话也没人信。8. He was policed by bosses cops.他受到老板请来的警察的监视。9. It is generally accepted that matter is in constant motion and in constant change.人们公认物质处于不断运动变化之中。10. Large numbers of chicken deaths are commonly reported in the United States during heat waves.热浪来袭期间在美国各地均有报道说大量的鸡死亡。11. As rain fell in the Ethiopian highlands and the snow melted in the Mountains of the Moon, the river was everlastingly renewed.埃塞尔比亚高原上的降雨和明月山脉上的融雪为这条河流提供了无尽的水源。12. North Adelaide, which is chiefly residential, is bordered by more parklands, and contains two open squares.北阿德莱德主要是居民区，周边是更多的公园，还有两个开阔的广场。13. N and S Adelaide are divided by the Torrens River, spanned by four bridges and lined with ornamental gardens.南北阿德莱德以托伦斯河为界，河上有四座桥梁，两岸是装饰性的花园。14. The town halls foundation stone was laid in 1863.市政厅是于1863年奠基的。15. Temperature is generally considered to be the most important bioclimatic factor for livestock. 人们通常认为温度是影响家畜的最重要的生物气候因素。四、定语从句的译法：I 译成定语词组：1. The incubation period is the time that elapses between the entrance of the microorganism and the manifestation of the disease.潜伏期是指从病菌进入体内到疾病发作的那段时间。2. The people who worked for him live in mortal scare of him.为他工作的人对他怕的要死。3. Each day we make decisions that affect our lives and sometimes, the lives of others.我们每天作着会影响我们生活，有时甚至会影响他人生活的决定。4. The middle class, which had always lived with high expectations, was hit hard.对生活寄予厚望的中产阶级遭到了重创。5. Brindley had begun on his account, out of interest, to survey the waterways that he traveled as he went about his engineering projects for mills and mines.当布林德利为了自己的磨坊工厂和矿井四处奔波时，出于自愿，出于兴趣，开始对途径的水道进行勘察。II 译成并列句1. The nervous system consists of a great number of nerves, which like the blood vessels extend to all parts of the body.神经系统是由大量神经组成的，他们就像血管一样延伸到身体的各个部位。2. He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to 200 pounds each.他设法培育（或种植）出一批200个的神奇西红柿，每个重达200磅。3. Isabel was a tall girl with the oval face, a straight nose, fine eyes and full mouth that appeared to be characteristics of the family.伊莎贝尔高个子，鹅蛋脸，直鼻梁，漂亮的眼睛，丰满的嘴唇，这一切似乎都是家族的特征。4. The grammar schools legally could only teach the classical subjects for which they had been founded.根据法律文法学校只能教授古典学科，这也正是他们成立的目的。5. Mexican Americans, who had flowed in to replace European immigrants, met with competition from angry citizen, now willing to do stoop labor in the fields and work as track layers on the railroads.墨西哥裔的移民大量涌入美国代替了欧洲移民，他们却面临来自愤怒的美国公民的激烈竞争，因为后者现在也愿意去田里辛苦劳作或者去铺设铁轨。（师：替代欧洲移民大量涌入美国的墨西哥人遇到愤怒的美国本地人的激烈竞争，因为）6. And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited only by the Western Europeans.这有助于说明为什么许多发明原本源自中国或是为希腊罗马人所熟知，后来却在西欧人手中得以发扬光大。7. This hope was nurtured by the great victories won by Genghis Khans grandson, Hulagu, who was a Buddhist, and whose wife was a Christian.成吉思汗的孙子旭烈兀所取得的伟大胜利，助长了这一希望。旭烈兀是个佛教徒，而他的妻子是基督教徒。8. and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strange machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power. 古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术，受到商贸活动的挑战，亦受到工艺的挑战；该商贸活动与世上迄今为止不为人所知的地区进行；这些机器一方面可以节省劳动力，另一方面无需传统的人力畜力便可运行。III 溶合法1. There are many people who want to see the film.许多人想看这部电影。2. There is a sense in which morality and expedience need not conflict.从某种意义上说，道德与权宜之计未必冲突。3. There are events taking place at this time which dim their hopes and lessen the prospects.目前正在发生的一些事件，使他们希望渺茫，前途暗淡。IV 译成状语从句1. He would have to be very careful not to offend the foreman, who could give him the sack at any time.他必须小心翼翼以免冒犯包工头，因为后者随时可能炒他的鱿鱼。2. The task, which seemed to be difficult, was already accomplished in time.这项任务看似困难，但已及时完成。3. He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.尽管他用不上，他还坚持要再建一栋房子。4. Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.人们拼命地找活干，什么活儿都行，只要能养家糊口就行。5. There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.这个方案独特、新颖又大胆，因此他们都很满意。6. Zhou Enlai arranged for experts from Beijing University to give Bill Morrow some up-to-date information he wanted.当比尔.莫罗需要一些最新消息时，周恩来便安排一些北京大学的专家为其介绍。五、长句的翻译：可调整语序、调整长度1. Here at home in England, under the fire of the Boche, we do not forget the ties and links that unite us to France, and we are persevering steadfastly and in good heart in the cause of European freedom and fair dealing for the common people of all countries, for which, with you, we drew the sword.如今在英国本土，在德国的炮火之下，我们并没有忘记我们和法国之间种种联系和纽带，曾经我们为了争取欧洲的自由和各国平民能受到公平对待，并肩作战，如今我们仍然在坚持着。原序2. The global economy that boomed in the 1960s, growing at an average of 5.5 percent a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.5 percent-a-year rate in the mid-1970s, simply stopped growing in 1981-1982. 20世纪60年代全球经济发展迅猛，年均增长率为5.5%，70年代中期继续发展，仍保持在年均4.5%利率，但到了1981年到1982年间完全停滞不前。3. If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”.如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥，只需在那儿逗留一两个小时便能感觉到微风轻拂湖面，因此芝加哥又名“风城”变序4. The Westerner who developed a farm, opened a shop, or set up in business as a trader, could hope to prosper only as his own community prosperedand his community ran from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada down to Mexico.西部人经营农场，开设商铺，从事贸易（师：西部人开发农场，经营商店，进行贸易），只有当自己的国家兴旺发达了，他们才有望发家致富（师：生意兴隆）。而他们的国家东临大西洋，西抵太平洋，上接加拿大，下临墨西哥。5. His famous will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology, Medicine, Literature and Peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideals.诺贝尔在其著名的遗嘱中，留下钱来用于奖励在物理，化学，生理，医学，文学及和平等方面做出贡献的人，这也是他的兴趣和理想的一种纪念。6. Although experienced diplomats do not often share the popular skepticism about international law, there is a danger that the popular attitude may affect inexperienced officials and pressure groups within a state, and that the state may, as a result, be pushed into breaking international law.大众普遍对国际法持有质疑的态度，尽管有经验的外交家未必认同。这种普遍的质疑可能影响国内缺乏经验的官员及施压集团，结果，国家就可能被迫违反国际法。7. Rooted in the conservation and environmental movements in the United States over the past 150 years- spurred by the writings of Thoreau and Muir, and before them, Buddhist and other philosophical ideologies- ecotourism is a new application of an age-old concept of stewardship.生态旅游是对古老资源管理概念的一种新运用，它植根于美国150年的野生动植物和环境保护的运动之中，并受到梭罗和缪尔的著作启发以及之前佛教和其他哲学意识形态的启发而形成的。8. Even the well-to-do were affected, giving up many of their former luxuries and weighted down with guilt as they watched former friends and business associates join the rank of the impoverished.大萧条期间，即便是富人也深受影响，被迫抛弃奢侈品，他们眼巴巴地看着先前的好友、生意伙伴一个个加入赤贫的行列，郁郁不乐，自责无力相助。拆句9. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps; for there is a companionship of book