循环经济构建绿色物流.doc

译文题目: 构建绿色物流的循环经济外文题目: Recycling economy construction of the Green Logistics出处:作者:译文：摘要循环经济增长模式和行为标准需要发展绿色物流的环境效益与经济利益的双赢，形成共生的环境为基础的物流管理系统，以保护全球环境并保持可持续发展。作为一个整体，社会需要建设的社会绿色物流部门之间的关系，特别是需要政府和企业参与。政府和工业界承担社会责任因为有不同层次的不同的策略。关键词：循环经济；绿色物流；建设。随着世界经济的快速发展，人类的生活环境正面临着严峻的挑战，主要源于能源危机，资源枯竭，环境污染，生态失衡，全球变暖等全球性问题。绿色物流的建设，有利于发展循环经济，加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，实现人类与自然之间的和谐，保持经济的可持续发展。一、循环经济催生绿色物流循环经济即物质闭环流动型经济，强调环保生产，资源利用，生态设计和可持续消费和其他因素的整合，运用生态规律来指导人类社会和经济活动。1.单向经济与循环经济相比。输出和输入的资源的角度来看，传统经济是单向的经济线性增长模式，在高产高消费的基础上，基于“资源 - 产品 - 废物”的表现形式，这取决于的地球无穷的资源基地和污水处理场，一方面生产各种工业和消费品，另一方面地球环境排放大量的废水，废气和废渣。循环经济是小量的恒定的回收建材的基础上，以“资源 - 产品 - 再生资源”为表现的“低投入 - 低开采 - 低排放 - 高利用”为特征，需要各方面的生产和再生产利用一切可利用的资源，提高资源利用效率，减少地球资源的开发。延长产业链之间的共生关系，使整个经济体系，包括从生产到消费的物流过程中，基本上不产生或只产生很少的废弃物。“航天器经济理论 ”创始人鲍尔丁曾经说过，人类赖以生存的地球，是在无限空间中的无限小的飞船。人口、经济的持续增长将最终使船上有限的资源消耗，人类的生产和消费，废物排放最终使飞船舱内完全污染。因此，在考虑经济发展过程中，人类必须在这个有限、狭窄、拥挤的星球上建立一个“飞船”经济，也就是说，我们不应允许资源枯竭，应以各种材料回收利用的经济取代过去那种只限于“索取”和“独占”的单向的经济。2.循环经济和绿色物流的行为规范。主要体现循环经济的发展， “减量化，再利用，再循环”的社会经济活动的行为准则。需要使用较少的原料和能源投入来达到既定的生产目的或消费目的，从源头节约资源和减少污染的产品和包装容器，可以以初次使用的要求重复形式的生产该项目完成其使用功能，并重新成为资源参与经济周期。循环经济和绿色物流的相互影响，循环经济“减量化”的指导方针为减少资源消耗和废物排放，从而减少无效的物流业务量，绿色物流系统，以降低运营成本。循环经济“再利用，再循环”的指导方针需要绿色和高效的物流系统支持，以确保循环经济的顺利流通。显然，循环经济和绿色物流的发展是实现可持续发展的重要途径，也是保护环境和减少污染的根本手段。循环经济和绿色物流，反映了人与自然之间的和谐，这将有助于推动建设和谐社会。二、绿色建设的目标和物流的特点绿色物流以减少对环境的污染、减少资源消耗为目的，利用先进的物流技术，规划和实施运输、仓储、配送、装卸搬运、流通加工、包装等物流活动。绿色物流活动包括社会对绿色物流管理和控制活动。绿色物流与传统物流相比，有其自身的特点和发展目标。1.绿色物流的特点。绿色物流是现代物流的发展趋势。绿色物流的发展不仅是一个国家的理性选择，是企业应对未来全球化的挑战，在竞争中一个重要的机会。根据循环经济的理论和要求，与传统物流相比，绿色物流具有以下几个特点：首先，追求环境效益的绿色物流与经济利益的双赢局面，强调大局和长远长远利益，强调对环境的全方位关注，这直接反映企业的绿色形象。第二，环保成为整个绿色物流系统的评价全过程的有效的，合理的一个重要指标。第三，既绿色运输，绿色物流，绿色存储，绿色包装，绿色处理每一个物流业务流，而且还为实现资源的再利用进行了废物回收物流。第四，注重绿色物流企业，寻求企业发展战略的经济和环境的共生类型之间的合作。2.绿色物流的发展目标。作为一个新兴产业，现代物流业，按商品空间实现其活动，时间的转变而产生的运输，仓储，配送，装卸搬运，包装，流通加工和信息处理单元等组成，涉及的供应生产，销售，消费等各个领域，取决于社会的大规模生产的专业化，集中和分散的市场，全球化的迅速发展。绿色物流是从环境角度改善物流流程，形成一个共生环境为基础的物流管理系统。在对地球环境的维护和保持可持续发展，根据原有的生产和物流，消费和单向关系中物流的作用的变化抑制了物流事业的危害，对这种制度的建立环境的同时，形成一个健康的经济发展可以促进物流系统。因此，绿色物流建设目标通过提高物流效率来提高服务水平，减少污染，减少资源消耗，降低成本，促进循环经济和实现经济可持续发展，建设绿色物流。三、绿色物流基础设施战略根据循环经济的标准，以实现经济的可持续发展，采取先进的物流技术的优势，前瞻性物流的物流规划和科学管理，克服了时间和空间的障碍，绿色供应、绿色生产、绿色消费和其他活动紧密结合起来，以提供快速，高效的运输、仓储、配送、装卸搬运、包装、流通加工和废物回收利用，绿色物流活动，同时确保高水平的物流服务，消除物流活动的基础各种非绿色因素对环境的污染。建设绿色物流行业的社会之间的关系，需要社会作为一个整体，特别是政府和企业的参与。1.政府层面的战略。绿色物流建设中，政府作为公共部门，采取的策略是宏观经济的性质，旨在引导和规范物流市场。（1）通过舆论，建立绿色物流的概念。想法是开展活动的指南。由于私人成本和社会成本之间的矛盾，企业往往忽视推出掠夺性资源的非理性管理的社会利益，牺牲个人利益的短期利益。政府应加强对经济周期的研究，提高公众保护环境的重要性和紧迫性的认识，唤醒企业，社会团体和公众的危机意识，建立建设绿色物流的概念，创造一个良好的氛围和社会环境。一方面引导消费者的青睐自觉选择节约资源，保护环境，生活方式和消费模式，能源，水，废物分类及回收，减少一次性产品的使用和发展循环经济，逐步成为密切相关活动的所有公民的自觉行动;另一方面，鼓励企业实施物流外包，共享专业化的结果和选择第三方物流服务，以避免在资金量的增加，用来使自己的物流和运输效率低下，流通环节复杂，企业的负担，增加了城市的污染问题，以改善物流资源的高效利用。（2）通过政策引导，发展绿色物流的技术标准。现代物流的特点是基于先进的物流技术，有没有先进的绿色物流技术支持，有没有绿色物流的发展前景。建设不仅依赖于建立绿色理念，物流，政策的制定和遵守，但也离不开绿色技术的掌握和应用。政府应该出台政策，鼓励绿色物流技术的开发和应用程序的强制性限制和淘汰非绿色物流技术标准。标准化是物流资源整合的基础。目前，中国的非标准设施，设备和行为物流行业相当普遍：第一，是指各类设备标准不统一，设备之间的运输手段有限，开展多式联运有限; 二，标准物流设备的不匹配，影响物流和分销系统的协调的行动;三，信息技术不会自动实现无缝和处理，从而影响了数据的共享。为此政府应充分发挥组织和引导中国宏观经济的指导作用的绿色物流发展的标准，在国外的研究标准的基础上，在深入研究中国已经颁布的各种与物流活动相关的国家标准，行业标准，加强标准化工作的协调和组织，及时淘汰落后的标准，更新或增加多功能性环保物流技术标准。（3）依法为导向，以发展绿色物流和法规。绿色物流是实现经济可持续发展的一项重要措施，不断发展的社会经济和人类在不断提高生活质量具有十分重要的意义。从政府的角度来看，绿色物流和法规的制定，颁布和实施，将为绿色物流的发展提供保障。政府通过发展现有的物流市场的法律和法规来规范管理，物流可以禁止非环保行为，特别是物流活动发生的污染源，如运输，流通的空气污染排放，控制，处理，废水污染，水质，废弃的一次性包装对环境的污染，等等。这不仅明确了企业的责任和义务，但也为企业发展提供了一个机会，以便建设一个绿色物流的法律依据，从而促进循环经济的顺利发展。规范绿色物流下游企业和更多的鼓励措施，以提高供应商的环保意识，提高产品环保性能，如大型电信公司已同意购买一个供应商的交换机和路由器的前提下，要求他们的这些设备的供应商就可能是上游供应商之间的合作，。（4）通过投资为导向，完善绿色物流公共基础设施。正确的道路，铁路，水，空气，管道及其他基础设施和城市配送物流设施的公益性，政府应加大建设力度。首先应该注意利用现有的物流基础设施建设和改造，通过其规模，布局，科学的功能集成，并提高现有设施的使用效率，利用现有设施和资源的综合性能。第二，新的物流基础设施是要加强宏观协调和功能整合，从全局的高度协调物流相关的战略规划，理顺关系，使不同行业，不同部门和不同投资者的物流规划有机增长联系和协调，以避免重复和避免资源浪费。2.企业层面的战略。作为一个以营利为目的的经济组织中的绿色物流建设战略的业务，旨在创造了自己的良好形象，增强市场竞争力。（1）加强绿色运输管理。在运输过程中的燃料消耗和尾气排放，是企业的物流活动，主要的环境污染之一。基于节约能源的绿色交通工具，减少排气排放量为特点的企业，实施办法包括：第一，货运网点，配送中心，建立合理的布局和规划，通过缩短路线和降低无负载率节能减排目标。其次，是一个指运输及运输路线合理选择，克服迂回运输，重叠和重复运输，使用清洁燃料，提高能源利用效率，防止在运输过程中泄漏，以避免由环境危害造成的局部地区。再次，是开展各种形式的联合运输和分销合作，最大限度地发挥物流资源的高效利用，铁路，汽车，船舶，飞机和其他交通工具的交通优势，以实现多环节、相互关联的、尽可能的集装箱运输形式的全过程，以减少在运输过程中的货损，货差的运输手段。（2）加强绿色包装管理。包装是营销商品的一个重要手段，但大量的包装材料使用一次后，受到消费者的遗弃，造成环境问题。例如，白色污染的是现在比较严重的污染问题，那就是在被遗弃造成的世界任何地方的非降解塑料包装。按照循环经济减少、再用和循环再造的原则，积极推广无毒，无害，轻量，薄壁的包装。绿色包装，以节约资源，减少废物排放量为目的，主要包括三个方面的绿化过程中的包装材料，包装方式和包装业务。绿色包装是指企业有：第一，简化和环保型可降解包装材料的使用，以提高材料的利用率。二是设计大型，基于容器的和便携式，折叠式包装，以保护货物的身体，节约包装材料和包装成本，提高效率和处理负荷率。三，建立便于包装的梯级利用和回收的包装包装回收系统。（3）加强管理绿色流通加工。从生产过程中货物的流动是指使用土地过程中去，根据需要施加包装，分割，计量，分拣，组装，粘贴，检查和其他一般的简单操作。流通加工具有较强的和富有成效的，但也有前途的领域环保的流通部门。流通加工企业实施绿色方法主要有两个方面：首先，改变消费者集中处理分布式处理方法，以提高资源利用效率和减少对环境的污染。二是把重点放在废物处理过程中产生的流通，废弃物物流顺畅对接，减少废弃物的物流过程中的污染和废物污染。（4）加强绿色仓库管理。绿色存储要求企业避免存储对周围的生态环境造成污染，易燃材料，易爆物品和爆炸的危险化学品和其他物品，或避免对周围环境造成的污染的化学方法。此外，绿色存储也需要企业的存储资源，布局合理，以节省运输成本。仓库布局过于密集，会增加运输次数，从而增加了对资源的消耗。仓库布局过于宽松，这将减少货物运输的效率，增加负荷率。企业也应考虑对环境的影响的位置上的拟议新存储仓库。（5）加强逆向物流管理。逆向物流是指资源回收再利用以及规划有关物流活动的资源。逆向物流可以充分利用现有资源作为原料，它往往作为发展循环型经济建设的一项重要措施。实施逆向物流系统对于一个完美的产品召回制度是必要地，包括了废物回收系统，以及危险废物处理和处置系统。废弃物物流是指经济活动和失去使用价值的物品，根据实际需要进行收集，分类，加工，包装，装卸，储存，并分发到专门的实体流动机构。大量生产，大量消费的结果必然导致大量的废物的产生。大量的废物，增加的废物的处置难度，困难的出现可能对社会的自然环境产生恶化负面的影响。为了减少废弃物物流，资源再利用，企业需要查看整个供应链的物流组织，加强废物回收物流管理。在绿色物流，废物回收，再利用的理论指导下，法律和法规要求回收作为企业的法律义务。企业物流系统也必须重新构建，不仅要考虑供应链快速，环保的物流服务同时，还必须考虑到建立废旧产品的回收，翻新，结构调整和其他物流回收网络。原稿：Abstract the growth mode of circular economy and standards of conduct need to develop environmental benefits of green logistics to pursue a win-win with the economic interests to form a symbiosis with the environment-based logistics management system in order to protect the global environment and maintain sustainable development. The building of the relationship between green logistics sectors of society need to participate in society as a whole, especially the government and enterprises. Government and industry commitment to social responsibility because there are different levels of different strategies. Key words circular economy; green logistics; ConstructionWith the rapid development of the world economy, the living environment of mankind is facing severe challenges, mainly for the energy crisis, resource depletion, environmental pollution, ecological imbalance, global warming and other global problems. The construction of green logistics is conducive to the development of circular economy, better able to accelerate the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society and realize harmony between mankind and nature, to maintain sustainable economic development. 1 circular economy spawned Green Logistics Circular economy is a closed-loop flow of material-based economy in short, emphasis on cleaner production, resource utilization, eco-design and integration of sustainable consumption and other factors, using ecological rules to guide the human society and economic activities. 1. One-way economy compared with the circular economy. Output and input of resources from the point of view, the traditional economy is one-way economy is the linear growth model, based on high consumption of high-yield, based on the resources - products - waste as the manifestation, depending on the Earth infinity resource base and sewage field, on the one hand a large number of resource extraction from the earth produce all kinds of industrial and consumer goods, on the other hand to the Earths environment emit large quantities of waste water, gas and waste residue. Of circular economy is a constant recycling of building material based on the model of economic development in order to resources - products - renewable resources as the manifestation of the low input - low mining - low emissions - high use for the feature, requiring all aspects of production and reproduction cycle of use of all available resources, improve resource utilization efficiency, reducing the exploitation of the earths resources, according to the symbiotic relationship between the metabolism or the extension of industrial chain, so that the whole economic system, including from the production to consumption, the logistics process, basically does not produce or produces very little waste. Spacecraft Economic Theory, founder Boulding once said that mankinds survival of the Earth, is only the boundless infinite space in a small spaceship. Population, the continued growth of the economy will eventually make a small spacecraft aboard the consumption of limited resources within the end, human production and consumption, the waste discharged eventually allowing the spacecraft to the cabin completely polluted. Therefore, in considering the economic development process, mankind must be on this limited, narrow and crowded planet to establish a spaceship economic, that is, we must not allow the establishment of resource depletion, pollution can not able to recycle a variety of material recycling economy to replace the past, is limited to take and exclusive one-way economy. 2. Circular economy and green logistics code of conduct. The development of circular economy is mainly reflected, reduction, reuse, recycle socio-economic activities code of conduct. That is required to use less raw material and energy inputs to achieve the established purposes of production or consumption purposes, from the source to conserve resources and reduce pollution; requirements of products and packaging containers can be repeated in the form of initial use; requirements produced The items feature the completion of its use can be used to re-become the resources to participate in economic cycles. Circular economy and green logistics affect each other. Circular economy reduction of guidelines for reducing resource consumption and waste emissions, thereby reducing the amount of invalid logistics business, green logistics systems to reduce operating costs. Circular economy , re-use, recycling guidelines need to be green and efficient logistics system to support, in order to ensure the smooth circulation of circular economy. Clearly, the development of recycling economy and green logistics is an important way to achieve sustainable development, but also protecting the environment and a fundamental means of reducing pollution. Circular economy and green logistics reflect the harmony between man and nature, but also reflects the present and future of human harmony, it will help promote the construction of a harmonious society of today. 2 green-building goals and the characteristics of logistics Green Logistics to reduce environmental pollution, reduce resource consumption for the purpose of the use of advanced logistics technology, planning and implementation of transportation, warehousing, distribution, loading and unloading handling, distribution processing, packaging and other logistics activities. Green Logistics both companies green logistics activities, but also including social activities for green logistics management and control. Compared with the traditional logistics, green logistics has its own characteristics and development goals. 1. Green logistics characteristics. Green Logistics is a modern logistics development trend. The development of green logistics is not only a countrys rational choice is that the enterprises cope with the future challenges of globalization and to seize opportunities in the competition an important opportunity. According to the theory of circular economy and requirements, as compared with the traditional logistics, green logistics has the following characteristics: First, the pursuit of environmental benefits of green logistics and economic interests in win-win situation, emphasizing the overall situation and long-term interests, emphasizing all-round concern for the environment, which directly express an organizations green image. Second, the concept of environmental protection throughout the entire process of green logistics, environmental protection to become evaluation of logistics systems are effective and rational an important indicator. Third, both green transport green logistics, green storage, green packaging, green flow of processing each individuals logistics operations, but also for achieving reuse of resources carried out by waste recycling logistics. Fourth, focus on Green Logistics co-operation between enterprises, seeking economic and environmental symbiosis type of enterprise development strategies. 2. Green Logistics development goals. As an emerging industry, modern logistics industry, its activities by the realization of commodity space, time shift arising from the transportation, warehousing, distribution, loading and unloading handling, packaging, distribution processing and information processing elements such as composition, involving the supply, production, sale, consumption, etc. various fields, depends on a social large-scale production of specialized, centralized and decentralized markets, globalization, rapid development. Green Logistics is from an environmental point of view of improving the logistics processes to form a symbiosis with the environment-based logistics management system. The establishment of such a system in the maintenance of the Earths environment and maintain sustainable development, based on the change in the original production and logistics, consumer and the role of logistics in a one-way relationship, in inhibiting the logistics cause harm to the environment at the same time, forming a healthy economic development can promote logistics system. Therefore, green logistics building objectives through increased efficiency in logistics to improve service levels, reduce pollution, reduce resource consumption, reduce costs, promote the recycling economy and achieve sustainable economic development. 3 green logistics infrastructure strategy According to the criteria of circular economy to achieve sustainable economic development, to take advantage of advanced logistics technology, forward-looking logistics logistics planning and scientific management, to overcome the barriers of space and time, and green supply, green production, green consumption and other activities closely together, to provide fast and efficient transportation, warehousing, distribution, loading and unloading handling, packaging, distribution processing and waste recycling, green logistics activities, while ensuring a high level of logistics services, based on the elimination of logistics activities in the various non-green factors on the environment pollution. The building of the relationship between green logistics sectors of society need to participate in society as a whole, especially the government and enterprises. 1. The government level strategy. In green logistics building, the Government, as the public sector, the adopted strategy is macroeconomic in nature, intended to guide and standardize the logistics market. (1) through public opinion, establish the concept of Green Logistics. The idea is a guide to conduct the activities. As the private cost and social cost of the contradiction between, enterprises tend to neglect the short-term interests of the individual interests of the expense of social interests, non-rational management of resources to launch predatory. The Government should strengthen the economic cycle research, increasing public awareness of the importance and urgency of environmental protection, wake-up enterprises, social organizations and the public sense of crisis, to establish the concept of green logistics, green logistics for the construction of public opinion to create a good atmosphere and social environment. On the one hand to guide conscious choice in favor of consumers to save resources and protect the environment, lifestyles and consumption patterns, the energy, water, waste separation and recycling, reducing use of disposable products and development of circular economy to gradually become closely related to the activities of all citizens conscious action; the other hand, to encourage enterprises to implement the logistics outsourcing, to share the results of specialization and select third-party logistics services, to avoid an increase in amount of funds used to bring their own logistics and transportation inefficiencies, distribution links to complicate it, business burdens, increased urban pollution problems in order to improve the efficient use of logistics resources. (2) through policy guidance, technical standards development of green logistics. The characteristics of modern logistics is based on the basis of advanced logistics technology, there is no advanced green logistics technical support, there is no green logistics development prospects. Green Logistics building not only dependent on the establishment of the logistics of green ideas, logistics, policy development and compliance, but also inseparable from the mastery and application of green technologies. Government should introduce policies to encourage green logistics technology development and application of mandatory restrictions and phase out non-green logistics technical standards. Standardization is the basis for integration of logistics resources. Present, Chinas logistics industry in the non-standard facilities, equipment and behavior are quite common: First, means of transport between the various types of equipment standards are not unified, limited the launching of multimodal transport; two do not match the standard of logistics equipment, affecting the logistics and distribution system coordination of operations; three information technology does not automatically achieve seamless and processing, thus affecting the data sharing. To this end, the Government should give full play to organize and guide the role of Green Logistics in China macroeconomic guidance to the development of standards, standards in foreign study, based on in-depth study of China has promulgated a variety of logistics activities with the relevant national standards, industry standards, and strengthen coordination and organiza