双级三叶罗茨鼓风机的间隙调整.doc

/ /双级三叶罗茨鼓风机的间隙调整摘要：概述了双级三叶罗茨鼓风机的内部结构和工作原理，详细介绍了轴承安装、齿轮副装配、转子间间隙调整、转子头部间隙调整及转子侧间隙调整的步骤和方法。关键词：双级三叶罗茨鼓风机；间隙调整；轴承中图分类号：TH444 文献标志码：BGap Adjustment of Double-stage Three Leaves Roots BlowersAbstract: This paper has specified the internal structure and working principleof double -stage three leaves roots blower.Especially, the step and method for bearing installation, gear pair in assembly, gap adjustment between the rotors, gap adjustment of rotors head and gap adjustment of the rotors side are introduced in detail.Key words: double-stage three leaves roots blowers; gap adjustment; bearing0 引言0 the introduction 双级三叶罗茨鼓风机是一种由两台罗茨风机串联组成的装置。每台风机箱体内部均有两个转向相反的三叶型转子，每个三叶型转子用两个轴承支撑，利用一对高精度的同步直齿轮，使两个转子的相对位置始终保持不变，转子之间以及转子与箱体之间保持一定的间隙，无接触旋转。转子在侧箱体同步齿轮的驱动下，借助两转子的“啮合”, 使进气口与出气口相互隔开,完成箱体和转子间的密闭气体从吸入侧到吐出侧的移送过程。在旋转过程中无内压缩地将工作腔内的气体从进气口推移到出气口1 。转子与转子、转子与箱体、转子与墙板之间都有微小间隙，因而工作腔内没有摩擦，无接触磨损部分。双级三叶罗茨风机容积效率高，供气量大，运行平稳，使用可靠，具有比较稳定的工作特性。但是其对内部间隙要求高，在检修和日常维护过程中，如果对间隙调整检查不到位，就有可能导致转子与墙板摩擦，严重时造成风机转子抱死甚至风机报废。Two-stage three-blade roots blower is a device composed of two roots blower series. Each fan chamber has two steering instead of 3 leaf type rotor, each 3 leaf type with two rotor bearing support, using a pair of high precision synchronization of spur gear, the relative position of two rotor always remains the same, between the rotor and keep some space between the rotor and housing, no contact. Rotor in the synchronous gear driven by the side of the enclosure, with the help of two rotor mesh, make the air inlet and air outlet separated from each other, and complete enclosed between casing and rotor transfer process of gas from the suction side to the out side. Without internal compression will work in the process of rotary cavity gas passage from the inlet to the outlet 1. Rotor and rotor, rotor and housing, have small space between the rotor and wallboard, and therefore there is no friction working cavity, no contact wear parts. Two-stage high volume efficiency of three leaves roots blowers, air demand is big, smooth operation, reliable use, has a relatively stable job characteristics. But the internal demand of clearance is high, in the process of repair and maintenance, check if the clearance adjustment does not reach the designated position, it may lead to the rotor and the wall friction, serious when the rotor, holding in death of the fan or the fan scrap. 河北大唐国际王滩发电有限责任公司2600MW石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫装置中设计使用三套双级罗茨风机，为日本进口，两用一备，形式为双级三叶型，于2006年投产。自投产使用5年来，于2011年5月经过首次大修，更换了轴承、骨架油封和O型圈等易损件，对风机内部间隙重新进行了调整并将调整间隙的技术措施进行了总结归纳。Beach king of datang international power generation co., LTD. Hebei province 2 x 600 mw limestone-gypsum wet desulphurization device of roots blower using three sets of two stage design, imported from Japan, and a case, form of double level 3 leaf, and put into production in 2006. Use for 5 years, since its operation in May 2011 after the first overhaul, replace the bearings, skeleton oil seal and O ring, such as wearing parts, internal clearance of the fan is adjusted and will adjust the gap of technical measures were summarized. 1 设备概况1 equipment status 1.1 设计参数1.1 design parameters 广泛应用于火电厂脱硫装置中的罗茨鼓风机被称为氧化风机，其主要功能是向脱硫装置提供空气，促使吸收塔浆液池内的亚硫酸氢根氧化成硫酸根，从而增强浆液进一步吸收二氧化硫的能力，同时使石膏得以生成。一旦氧化空气注入不充分或停止注入都会引起吸收效率降低，严重时还可能造成吸收塔浆液池中亚硫酸钙含量过高而结垢，甚至发生亚硫酸钙包裹石灰石颗粒，使其失去活性。因此，罗茨鼓风机对提高整个装置的脱硫效率和石膏的质量显得尤为重要。王滩发电公司脱硫氧化风机设计参数见表1。Is widely applied in coal-fired power plant desulfurization device of roots blower fan called oxidation, its main function is to provide air to desulphurization device, allowing the absorber slurry pool of bisulfite oxidation into sulfuric acid root, so as to enhance the ability of serous further absorption of sulfur dioxide, at the same time to generate gypsum. Once the oxidation air injection inadequate or stop injection can cause absorption efficiency is reduced, serious when can also cause the absorber slurry pool excessive amounts of calcium sulphate fouling, central Asia and even in particles of limestone, calcium sulfite package lose its activity. Therefore, to improve the desulfurization efficiency of the entire unit roots blower and the quality of gypsum is particularly important. Wangtan power generation company oxidation desulfurization fan design parameters are shown in table 1. 1.2 内部构造1.2 internal structure 罗茨鼓风机内部间隙影响着风机的性能2 。两转子之间、转子与墙板之间及转子与机壳之间，均需保持一定的间隙，以保证风机的正常运转。如果间隙过大，则被压缩的气体通过间隙的回流量增加，影响风机的效率；如果间隙过小，由于热膨胀可能导致转子与机壳或转子相互之间产生摩擦碰撞，影响风机的正常工作。Roots blower internal clearance affects the performance of the fan 2. Between two rotor, rotor and wall panel and between the rotor and the casing, all needs to keep a certain gap, in order to ensure the normal operation of the fan. If the clearance is too large, the compressed gas through the gap of the back flow increase, affect the fan efficiency; If the clearance is too small, due to thermal expansion may cause friction between rotor and the casing or rotor mutual collision, affect the normal work of the fan. 如图1，三叶型罗茨风机的内部间隙主要包括：转子头部间隙A、B,转子间的间隙C,侧间隙D、E,齿轮齿面啮合间隙F。每级风机内部构造一样，区别在于间隙的标准值不同。As shown in figure 1, three-blade roots blower type mainly includes: internal clearance rotor head clearance between A, B, C of the gap between the rotor and side clearance D, E, F the gear tooth surface meshing clearance. Fan per level internal structure, the difference is that gap have different standard. 2 内部间隙的调整2 internal clearance adjustment 在风机分解前,务必测定风机的内部间隙且做好记录。在风机的箱体和侧箱体之间,一般都加有薄纸垫，在分解时,应确认其厚度及张数并做好记录。安装时,加入同样厚度和数量的纸垫。定位轴承或者轴承座里有可能放有调整侧间隙的调整垫片。在风机分解时,要根据风机的分解顺序,确认并记录调整垫片的位置和数量。安装时,将同样数量的调整垫片放回原来的位置。在风机检修过程中，应先拆除一侧墙板，待检修完成后再拆除另外一侧，这样不仅可以最大限度地保留原有尺寸，还可以避免不必要的工作量。In front of the fan decomposition, be sure to determine the internal clearance of fan and recorded. Between the box body and the side of the fan housing, usually with a thin cushion, when the decomposition, should confirm its thickness and number of sheets and make record. When installation, to join the same thickness and the number of paper pad. Positioning bearing or a bearing seat, may have the adjusting shim with our side clearance adjustment. When the fan decomposition, according to the decomposition of the fan order, confirm and record the position of the adjusting shim and quantity. When installation, will be the same number of adjust shim put back to its original position. In fan repair process, should be removed on one side of the wall plate, dismantle other side again after the maintenance, the not only can maximum limit retains the original size, also can avoid unnecessary workload. 罗茨鼓风机的组装顺序应先是转子、墙板和主轴承的安装，然后是齿轮的组装，最后是内部间隙的调整。在实际安装中，一般首先固定主动转子，待调整完主、从动转子与墙板之间的间隙后，再完全固定从动转子。风机内部间隙的调整与安装环环相扣，需要多名有经验的专业技术人员相互协调方可实现。Roots blower assembly sequence should be first rotor, wall panels and the installation of the main bearing, and then the gear assembly, the last is the internal clearance adjustment. In the actual installation, general first fixed rotor actively, to adjust the master and slave after the clearance between the rotor and wallboard, and completely fixed driven rotor. Fan internal clearance adjustment and installation of interlocking, need a number of experienced professional and technical personnel to coordinate with each other before implementation. 2.1 主轴承的安装2.1 the installation of main bearing 转子组(包括主、从动转子, 转子由叶轮和轴经冷压结合而成) 靠墙板中的轴承支承。支承点位置、轴承游隙大小、安装精度及轴承座配合精度等均是保障转子平稳、无故障运转的重要因素, 且与转子能否轴向定位密切相关。如果轴承损坏或磨损过度, 转子必然与墙板或机壳摩擦，因此氧化风机的轴承必须严格按照大修周期进行定期检修。Rotor group (including the main, driven rotor, the rotor by the impeller and shaft via the combination of cold press) on the bearing wallboard. Position of supporting points, and the size of the bearing clearance, installation accuracy and precision of bearing seat with both is an important factor to guarantee the rotor smooth and trouble-free operation, and is closely related to the rotor axial positioning can be. If bearing damage or excessive wear, rotor and wallboard or casing friction inevitably, therefore oxidation fan bearing must be in strict accordance with the overhaul period of preventive maintenance. 主轴承和定位轴承的精度对内部间隙会有一定影响。在定购轴承时，必须对轴承进行严格验收以确保轴承合格可用。以IRT三叶风机为例，每个转子依托2盘主轴承NU2228 C3作为支撑点，游隙值在0.1150.165mm，由于该游隙属于大游隙范围，新轴承游隙值应尽量接近下限1.115mm。如果轴承间隙过大，在风机实际运行过程中就会造成转子与转子之间、转子与机壳之间的间隙发生变化。其次轴承外圈与轴承孔径的间隙也需进行检查。2.2 齿轮副的装配Main bearing and the bearing accuracy of the positioning of the internal clearance can have certain influence. When the order bearing, bearing must be strict inspection to ensure that qualified bearings available. IRT trilobites fan, for example, each rotor based on 2 main bearing NU2228 C3 as strong point, clearance value in 0.115 0.165 mm, because the clearance as part of the large clearance range, a new bearing clearance value should be close to the lower limit of 1.115 mm. If the bearing clearance is too large, in actual operation process can cause fan rotor and between the rotor and clearance between rotor and shell change. Second clearance of bearing outer ring and bearing aperture also need to check. 2.2 the gear assembly 罗茨鼓风机是通过两个转子“啮合”而工作的。主动转子由与电机相连的联轴器装置传动, 从动转子由主、从动轴上的同步齿轮啮合传动。因此齿轮副啮合的好坏, 对罗茨风机的安全和稳定运行起着极其重要的作用。一旦齿轮损坏或装配不当, 就会导致其他部件损坏。Roots blower by two rotor mesh work. Active rotor by coupling device connected to the motor drive, driven by the main rotor, driven shaft of the synchronous gear meshing transmission. So the stand or fall of the gear pair meshing, roots blower for the safety and stable operation of play a very important role. Once the gear damage or improper assembly, will cause damage to other components. IRT罗茨风机中的POWERLOCK是连接齿轮和轴的一种摩擦式、无键轴毂自锁用具，主要应用在较大扭矩变化的场合，其形式和安装方法见图2。因为POWERLOCK是靠齿轮和轴表面之间的接触压力和摩擦来传递扭矩的一种装置，所以连接表面的状况和紧固螺栓的紧固力对内部间隙的调整至关重要。风机每个转子的齿轮都有单独的POWERLOCK与之相匹配。The POWERLOCK roots blower IRT is one of the connected gear and shaft friction type, keyless bossing self-locking appliance, mainly used in larger torque changes occasions, the form and installation method as shown in figure 2. Because the POWERLOCK is on gear and shaft surface contact pressure and friction between a device to transmit torque, so the conditions on the surface of the connection and fastening bolt fastening force is essential to the adjustment of internal clearance. Each rotor gear fan has separate POWERLOCK to match. 在实际安装中，一般需要首先用POWERLOCK锁紧固定主动转子齿轮，然后将从动转子配套的POWERLOCK放入特定位置后(不要紧固)，使从动转子保持松弛状态。将塞尺插入两个转子啮合面之间，以确保转子之间的间隙与拆卸记录值一致，固定转子时，需在转子之间放置木棒等硬质垫片3 。在此状态下，配合齿轮，让其间隙在回转方向上为零标准。同时对内部转子间的间隙再次进行测定，检查间隙是否变化。In the actual installation, general need to first use POWERLOCK locking fixed active rotor gear, then driven rotor after the POWERLOCK of form a complete set in a specific location (do not tighten), keep driven rotor state of relaxation. Insert the feeler gauge between two rotor mating surface, to ensure that the clearance between the rotor and remove the record values consistent, fixed rotor, needs to be placed between the rotor sticks and other hard pads 3. Under this condition, cooperate with the gear, let its clearance on the turning direction is zero. To inside of the gap between the rotor were determined again at the same time, check whether clearance changes. 所谓零标准，即通过在齿轮齿面间压铅丝的方法，见图3，使齿面在回转方向上完全贴紧，这样能更接近真实工况。由此可得齿轮齿面啮合间隙F。由于双级风机的转子组回转方向正好相反，因此压铅丝的位置也相反，在调整间隙时需要注意这一点。2.3 转子头部间隙A的调整So-called zero standards, that is, by way of lead wire between the gear tooth surface, as shown in figure 3, against tooth surface on the rotary direction completely, it can more close to the real working condition. Which can get the gear tooth surface meshing clearance F. Group as a result of the two-stage fan rotor rotation direction is just the opposite, so the position of lead wire is on the contrary, when adjust the gap need to pay attention to this. 2.3 A rotor head clearance adjustment 主动转子就位后，按照规定间隙值在主动转子与箱体间隙A处塞入塞尺，通过敲击轴端调整主动转子与箱体的间隙，待这个间隙调整合格后，将POWERLOCK置入主动转子齿轮中完全紧固，一般这个步骤需要力矩扳手来实现，由于主动转子头部间隙A比较容易调整，这个过程不做赘述。Active after the rotor in place, in accordance with the provisions of clearance value in the active rotor and A box body clearance into feeler, by hitting active rotor and shaft end adjust body clearance, after waiting for the clearance adjustment of qualified, the POWERLOCK into active complete fastening rotor gear, generally this step need torque wrench to achieve, because the active rotor head clearance is A relatively easy to adjust, this process is no need to do. 2.4 转子头部间隙B和转子间的间隙C的调整2.4 B and C of the gap between the rotor rotor head clearance adjustment 主动转子齿轮上的POWERLOCK紧死后，将塞尺塞入两转子间的啮合面C处（间隙按规定间隙值，最好取3点同时塞入塞尺），转子与机壳间隙B处也需塞入塞尺，并用木棒将转子塞住，防止转子转动，在此状态下让齿面啮合，使得回转方向的齿面间隙为零（见图3用压铅丝的方法），同时将从动转子齿轮上的POWERLOCK预紧。拆去木棒抽出塞尺，转动联轴器测量转子间3个啮合面的间隙，确认间隙无误。然后紧固从动转子齿轮上POWERLOCK的螺栓，先用1/4的标准扭矩，按顺序拧紧螺栓，再用1/2的标准扭矩，按顺序拧紧螺栓，再用总扭矩，按顺序拧紧螺栓，最后逆时针转动螺栓再拧紧，直到所有的螺栓不能被设为总扭矩的扳手拧动为止。重新测量转子间的间隙，如果不符合要求，则重复上述步骤。一般情况下，转子间的间隙C调整到位后，转子头部间隙B自然就会满足要求。2.5 转子轴向间隙D、E的调整POWERLOCK tight on the active rotor gear after the death of the feeler into the mating surface between the two rotor in C (clearance gap value according to the rules, it is better to take 3 points into the feeler gauge) at the same time, the rotor and the casing clearance B also need to cram feeler, and sticks to the rotor plug, to prevent the rotor rotation, in this state for tooth surface meshing, makes the rotary direction of the tooth surface gap to zero with method of lead wire (see figure 3), at the same time the POWERLOCK preloaded on the driven rotor gear. Down sticks out feeler, turn the coupling between measuring rotor 3 on the surface of the mesh clearance, clearance is verified. Then tighten bolt POWERLOCK driven rotor gear, with a quarter of the first standard torque, tighten the bolts according to the order with 1/2 standard torque, tighten the bolts according to the order with the total torque, tighten the bolts according to the order finally rotate counterclockwise to tighten the bolts until all bolts cannot be set as the total torque wrench screw. To measure of the gap between the rotor, if do not conform to the requirements, then repeat the above steps. Under normal circumstances, the clearance between the rotor C after adjustment in place, the rotor head clearance B will meet the requirements. 2.5 the rotor axial clearance adjustment of D and E 转子与前后墙板之间轴向间隙D、E调节，是通过调节定位轴承(双列调心轴承)的轴向位置来实现的。无论是罗茨风机的主动轴还是从动轴，其轴向间隙均可用增减垫片来调节，这也是专门为罗茨风机调节转子与墙板之间的间隙而设计的。具体调整方法是：如果发现转子端面与侧壁墙板相摩擦，可用塞尺检测转子的另一面与机壳侧壁间隙，再将固定轴承盖螺钉旋出。如果需要调整，应检查和确认调整垫片的位置及厚度再进行调整。若要减小前端(出轴端)的间隙、在轴承内圈和轴肩之间加调整垫片（垫片用铜皮制作）。若要增加前端(出轴端)的间隙、在轴承外圈和轴承座之间加调整垫片。垫片厚度根据所测间隙而定。校正完毕后，再将螺栓依次对称地旋紧，将轴承盖固定好。Axial gap between rotor and front and rear panel D, E, is by adjusting the positioning bearing (double LieDiao heart bearing) of the axial position. Roots blower whether driving shaft and driven shaft, the axial clearance are available gasket to adjust, increase or decrease the roots blower is designed for adjusting the rotor and clearance between wall panel. Specific adjustment method is: if it is found that the rotor end face friction with the wall panels, available feeler test clearance, the other side of the rotor and the casing wall screw fixed bearing cap screws out again. To check and confirm if need to adjust the position of the adjusting shim thickness and adjust again. If t