新世纪大学英语第三册第一单元 课件.doc

Unit One Friendship Preparation An English Song Dictation and Discussion Background Information: Aristotle and Cicero Text Reading Further Development Unit One Friendship Directions: What words will occur to you whenever we mention the word “Friendship.” Write down as many words as possible about it. Word Web cherish beloved pal mentor confidant intimacy friendship pure companionship genuine everlasting 2011-3-8 perpetual share 2 Unit One Friendship An English Song Directions: Listen to the song and fill in the following blanks. Youve tasted bitter defeat and the sweet success. You want it all and you for nothing less. settle Youve tried harder than the rest. Youve become one of the best. This is the time youll remember for All your life Forever friends In harmony As the whole world joins and sees Days of unity and peace . Forever through the years Well hear the . cheers Joy and laughter everywhere! 2011-3-8 3 Unit One Friendship share Were together here to . Forever friends An English Song races faces Youll meet all , see youve never seen. People from parts of the world where youve never been. And youll feel it in your heart. apart We spent too much time come alive This is the time when all dreams of man . Forever friends In harmony As the whole world joins and sees Days of unity and peace . Forever through the years cheers Well hear the . Joy and laughter everywhere! share Were together here to Forever friends 2011-3-8 4 Unit One Friendship An English Song Forever Friends No matter where we are or go No matter what we hope for or know No matter how we word our prayer There is one dream we share. Forever friends In harmony As the whole world joins and sees Days of unity and peace . Forever through the years cheers Well hear the . Joy and laughter everywhere! Were together here to share One world one dream. Forever friends In harmony! Forever friends One dream we dream One world we share. 5 2011-3-8 Unit One Friendship Important Qualities for a friend Directions: Read the following list of qualities carefully and choose the three most important ones for a friend. Work in groups to discuss your choices. Then decide which qualities are the most popular in your group and give your reasons. adventurous serious kind fun-loving diligent sensitive humorous dependable affectionate sociable respectful athletic thoughtful understanding intelligent easygoing aggressive good-looking honest warmhearted 2011-3-8 6 Unit One Friendship Dictation Sometimes in life, you find a special friend. Someone who changes your life just by being a part of it. Someone who makes you laugh until you cant stop. Someone who makes you believe that there really is good in the world. Someone who convinces you that there really is an unlocked door just waiting for you to open it. This is forever friendship. When youre down and the world seems dark and empty, your forever friend lifts you up in spirit and makes that dark and empty world suddenly seem bright and full. Your forever friend gets you through the hard times, the sad times and the confused times. If you turn and walk away, your forever friend follows. If you lose your way, your forever friend guides you and cheers you on. Your forever friend holds your hand and tells you that everything is going to be okay. And if you find such a friend, you feel happy and complete because you need not worry. You have a forever friend, and forever has no end. 2011-3-8 7 Unit One Friendship Listening and Dictation Directions: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions. 1. What can a forever friend do for you? 2. Have you classified your friends into different groups? If yes, how do you classify them? 3. What can we do to keep friendship as long as possible? Scrip t 2011-3-8 8 Unit One Friendship Directions: When you are listening to the brief introduction to the author, you are required to catch the key words of this passage. And then say something about the author according to the key words youve got. Background: Mark K. Smith Mark K. Smith specializes in the field of informal education and community learning. He is the Rank Research Fellow and Tutor at YMCA George Williams College, London and has been a visiting professor in community education, University Mark K. Smith of Strathclyde, Glasgow. Among his books are Creators not Consumers (1982), Developing Youth Work (1988), Local Education (1994), Informal Education (1996, 1999, 2005 with Tony Jeffs) and The Art of Helping Others (2008, written with Heather Smith). He is currently working with the Rank Foundation on two new initiatives around community development and the needs of young carers. Mark K. Smith has worked as a careers officer, youth and community worker and project worker. He studied economics and politics at the University of Lancaster, and did his doctorate in the philosophy of education at the University of London. Script 2011-3-8 9 Unit One Friendship A Brief Introduction to Aristotle Background: Aristotle Script Aristotle Aristotle (384322 BC): Greek philosopher and scientist. Aristotle is one of the “big three” in ancient Greek philosophy, along with Plato and Socrates. (Socrates taught Plato, who in turn instructed Aristotle.) Aristotle spent nearly 20 years at Platos Academy, first as a student and then as a teacher. After Platos death he traveled widely and educated a famous pupil, Alexander the Great, the Macedonian who nearly conquered the world. Later Aristotle began his own school in Athens, known as the Lyceum. Aristotle is known for his carefully detailed observations about nature and the physical world, which laid the groundwork for the modern study of biology. Among his works are the texts Physics, Metaphysics, Rhetoric and Ethics. 10 2011-3-8 Unit One Friendship Background: Aristotle Script In addition, Aristotle invented the field known as formal logic, pioneered zoology, and addressed virtually every major philosophical problem known during his time. Known to medieval intellectuals as simply “the Philosopher,” Aristotle is possibly the greatest thinker in Western history and, historically, perhaps the single greatest influence on Western intellectual development. Aristotle 2011-3-8 11 Unit One Friendship Aristotle Aristotles Chronology Time 384 BC 367 BC 348/347 BC Around 342 BC 335/334 BC Event Born in the small Greek town of Stagiros (later Stagira) in the northern Greek district of Chalcidice. Aristotle joined Platos circle at the Academy in Athens. Aristotle left for Assos in Mysia after Platos death. Aristotle went to the court of Philip of Macedon and became tutor to Alexander. Aristotle returned to Athens and established a philosophical school of his own in the gymnasium Lyceum. Aristotle died of a gastric ailment. 12 322 BC 2011-3-8 Unit One Friendship Background: Plato Plato: (428347BC), Greek philosopher, one of the most creative and influential thinkers in Western philosophy. Script Aristotle Plato, one of the most famous philosophers of ancient Greece, was the first to use the term philosophy, which means “love of knowledge.” Born around 428 BC, Plato investigated a wide range of topics. Chief among his ideas was the theory of forms, which proposed that objects in the physical world merely resemble perfect forms in the ideal world, and that only these perfect forms can be the object of true knowledge. The goal of a philosopher, according to Plato, is to know the perfect forms and to instruct others in that knowledge. 2011-3-8 13 Unit One Friendship A Brief Introduction to Cicero Background: Cicero Script Cicero Cicero (Marcus Tullius): (10643BC) Roman writer, statesman, and orator. Cicero was the greatest speaker among the many famous statesmen of ancient Rome. He practiced law and studied philosophy in Greece before holding a rising sequence of important jobs in the Roman Empire. In 64 BC he became Consul, the highest office in Rome. As Consul he won fame for his orations against Cataline, the head of a secret conspiracy to seize the government. Always a staunch(坚定) supporter of the Republic, Cicero was eventually forced from office by his enemies, and when Julius Caesar consolidated his power in 48 BC, Cicero went into political retirement. During this time he wrote his famous essays on happiness, on old age, and on friendship. 14 2011-3-8 Unit One Friendship A Brief Introduction to Cicero Background: Cicero Script Upon Caesars assassination(暗杀 in 44 BC, Cicero returned 暗杀) 暗杀 to public life and delivered a series of scathing speeches (the “Phillipics”) against Marc Antony. This proved to be Ciceros undoing: when Antony took power in a triumvirate(三人执政 三人执政) 三人执政 with Octavian and Marcus Lepidus, Cicero was declared an outlaw and killed by Antonys men in 43 BC. Cicero 2011-3-8 15 Unit One Friendship Background: Cicero Ciceros Chronology Time Event Jan. 3, 106 BC Born at Arpinum near Rome, the elder son of a wealthy landowner. 81-80 BC 79 BC 76 BC 70 BC Cicero made his first appearances in court during the dictatorship of Sulla. Cicero left Rome to study in Rhodes. Cicero married Terentia, whose family was wealthy and perhaps aristocratic. Cicero scored his first great success, when he prosecuted Caius Verres for gross misgovernment in Sicily. 16 2011-3-8 Unit One Friendship Background: Cicero Ciceros Chronology Time 59 BC Event Cicero was exiled to Macedonia, where he lived for 16 months, because of his publicly expressed dislike of the violent methods Caesar employed in his consulship. His friends made great efforts to secure his recall. Cicero was sent off to govern Cilicia for a year. Cicero divorced Terentia after 30 years marriage. Cicero met his death at the hands of Antonys agents with courage and dignity. Aug. 57 BC 51 BC 47-46 BC Dec. 43 BC 2011-3-8 17 Unit One Friendship Text A: What Is Friendship Preparation Text Reading Words Exercises Global Reading Sentence Study Words and Phrases Useful Expressions Further Development 2011-3-8 18 Unit One Friendship Words Exercise Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given. attribute commitment criterion permanent possess preserve break up distinguish between ground notion regulate unite utility trials and tribulations grounds 1. The company has reasonable to dismiss him; he was late for work three times last week despite constant warnings. . 2. It is a research project with limited practical utility 3. One common Chinese notion is that the elders ought to be respected. 4. I had to give up my dream of becoming a singer possess because I dont a beautiful voice. 2011-3-8 19 Unit One Friendship Words Exercise attribute commitment criterion permanent possess preserve break up distinguish between ground notion regulate unite utility trials and tribulations preserve 5. There is much we can do to the environment from being polluted. 6. Without your to the company our success commitment would not have been possible. 7. Shes tired of changing her jobs frequently, so she hopes to find a one. permanent 8. Patience is one of the most important attributes for a teacher. regulated 9. The activities of credit companies are by law. 2011-3-8 20 Unit One Friendship Words Exercise attribute commitment criterion permanent possess preserve break up distinguish between ground notion regulate unite utility trials and tribulations 10. What criteria are used for assessing a students ability? 11. She has done everything possible to prevent their breaking up relationship from . 12. She has gone through trials and tribulations in bringing up three children all by herself. 13. They decided to be united with the local industries to fight for their common interests. distinguish 14. The two paintings are quite similar. I cant between the original and the fake. 21 2011-3-8 Unit One Friendship Understanding questions 1. Why do people have little knowledge about what friendship really means? There are no commonly accepted criteria for defining what friendship really means. 2. What are the three kinds of friendship according to Aristotle? They are friendship based on utility, friendship based on pleasure and friendship based on goodness. 2011-3-8 22 Unit One Friendship Understanding questions 3. What does Cicero emphasize in his definition of friendship? He emphasizes the element of virtue in friendship. 4. What is meant by “virtuous friends” according to the classical view? Virtuous friends possess moral excellence and share a commitment to the good. 2011-3-8 23 Unit One Friendship True or False 1. According to ancient scholars, friendship can be classified into three different types. (F ) No. We may find three kinds of friendship according to Aristotle. 2. Friendship between the young is much easier to change than that between the elderly. (F ) No. Both the friendship based on utility and that on pleasure are changeable regardless of the age. 2011-3-8 24 Unit One Friendship True or False 3. People linked by friendship, which is based on utility, stay together only when they are mutually useful. (T ) 4. Time and intimacy are the two prerequisites for the development of true friendship. (T ) 5. In order to preserve true friendship, people in a community should maintain the equal relationship between each other. (T ) 2011-3-8 25 Unit One Friendship organization Part 1 Para. 1 2 25 3 6 Main Ideas Its necessary to review some classical views of friendship in order to acquire a better understanding of it. According to Aristotle, there are three kinds of friendship, which are respectively based on utility, pleasure and goodness. Friendship based on goodness is perfect and totally different from friendship based on utility or pleasure. According to Cicero, true friendship is only possible between good men and it is virtue that creates and preserves true friendship. Friendship is permanent between virtuous people who share a commitment to the good or to what is morally right or worthy of praise. 26 4 7 2011-3-8 Unit One Friendship Discussion Confucius said, “Three kinds of friends will do one good Upright friends, trustworthy friends, and well-informed friends will do one good.” 孔子曰： 益者三友 友直，友谅，友多闻，益矣。 论语 孔子曰：“益者三友 友直，友谅，友多闻，益矣。”(论语) Discuss with your group members: What kind of friends do you value most? 2011-3-8 27 Unit One Friendship Directions: Work in a group of four. Suppose one student is a reporter from the university TV station. Now he or she has an interview with all the other three students about the question “What is friendship based on?” Part of the interview should be based on the text. After the interview the reporter in each group should summarize and present different opinions in the group to the whole class. 1. Express your opinions with proper language and manners. 2. Make your answers concise and pertinent. 3. Support your argument with relevant examples. 4. Make a clear summary of different opinions by noting down the key words and outlining the ideas put forward during the interview. Group Work 2011-3-8 28 Unit One Friendship Group Work According to the classical views, virtuous friends are bound together. What about people without virtues? Do you agree that people of the same kind gather together and become friends? Please give examples to support your answer. 2011-3-8 29 Unit One Friendship Text Reading Friendship is an eternal ( 永恒的 ) theme ( 主题 ) in human history. A life without friendship is hard to imagine. But what is friendship? Read the following text and see if you can gain some new insights into the true meaning of friendship. 2011-3-8 30 Unit One Friendship Text Reading What Is Friendship? Michele E. Doyle & Mark K. Smith When we approach the notion of friendship, our first problem is that there is a lack of socially acknowledged criteria for what makes a person a friend. In one setting, we may describe someone as a friend; in another, the label may seem less appropriate. Therefore, people tend to have a very thin understanding of what friendship really means. To help us understand what friendship really means, we need to review some classical views of friendship. One classical view of friendship is provided by Aristotle, the famous ancient Greek philosopher. Aristotle distinguishes between what he believes to be genuine friendships and two other forms: one based on mutual usefulness, the other on pleasure. So, according to Aristotle, we may find three kinds of friendship: 2011-3-8 31 Unit One Friendship Text Reading Friendship based on utility. Utility is an impermanent thing: it changes according to circumstances. When the ground for friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. Friendships of this kind seem to occur most frequently between the elderly, because at their age what they want is not pleasure but utility. Friendships based on utility are also frequently found among those in middle or early life who are pursuing their own advantage. Such persons do not spend much time together, because sometimes they do not even like one another, and therefore feel no need of such an a