unit2 English around the world 第一轮复习讲义.doc

Unit 2 English around the world整理人 余虹 （教师版）一、基础知识 （见名师一号）二、必备句子 （见名师一号）三、重点词汇1.Do you know that there is more than one kind of English? His knowledge is more than mine. She speaks more English than I do. 1）. more than+表语（形容词或分词），相当于very或much Her parents are more than (=very) pleased with her results.2）. more than+名词，相当于not only There is more than one possible explanation.More than one person has been concerned in this .3）. more than+数词，相当于over或not only More than (=Over) 60 percent of them are against the decision. 4）. more+形容词+than+形容词，表示肯定前者，否定后者。 He looked more asleep than dead.He is more diligent than intelligent.*no+ more than相当于only或not any more than *not+ more than相当于at (the) most 2.people from England made voyages to conquerand because of that * because of +n./pron./doing/what从句 She got hurt because of what youd said.We had to walk home because of missing the bus.He walked slowly because of his injured leg.because of 是复合介词。=as a result of , in consequence of , on account of ,because 是从属连词，引导原因状语从句。He walked slowly because his leg was injured.We had to walk because we missed the bus.*Due to “由于”常作表语，也作后置定语和状语，不可位于句首Thanks to“多亏”只作状语或讽刺口吻的“感谢”Owing to“由于”常作状语，放在句首，逗号隔开。The teams success was largely due to her efforts.Owing to the rain, the match was cancelled.Thanks to the bad weather, the meeting was cancelled.Thanks to your help, I passed the exam. 3. Id like to come up to you apartment.The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station. It is certain that the question will come up at the meeting.She came up and said, Glad to meet you. *短语归纳come across邂逅 come about发生 come at向扑来,攻击 come from 来自come out 出版;开花；结果是 (publish 为及物动词，come out为不及物动词)come up with想出(put up with; keep up with; catch up with)come true实现 come to light暴露,真相大白come to life苏醒过来 come to an end结束come on跟着来; 进展 come into being形成How did it come about? (What happened?)When it comes to sth .当涉及某事，当谈到1). The hunter walked across the forest when suddenly a bear _ him. 2). The magazine _ once a month.3). How did the difference between American English and British English come about?4). The engineers has _ new ways of saving energy.5). They _ an old school friend in the street this morning.6).When it comes to getting things done, he is useless.答案: 1). came at 2). comes out 3). come about4). come up with5). came across4. Actually, It was based more on German than English we speak at present. 1) actually adv. 实际上、事实上actual adj. 现实的、真实的; actuality n. 现实性、现实存在in actual fact 实际上、事实上=actually; as a matter of fact2) be based on 以为基础This news report is based entirely on facts.One should always base ones opinions on facts.*base n. /vtn._ the lowest part of sth. esp. the part or surface on which sth. stands.底部，根基 the base of a mountain/statue _a centre from which sth. is controlled, and where plans have made.总部，根据地。Our companys base is in Shanghai.Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.v._ provide with a base or centre,以为基础/总部*base on/upon He based his hopes on the good news we had yesterday.*base_basic_basically actuslity_actual_actually3) present 1)n.礼品、赠品；目前a birthday present Christmas/wedding presents*at present 现在、目前(at the moment , now, at this time)*for the present 眼前、暂时I am afraid I cant help you at present.2)adj. 出席的、到场的、现在的、目前的，*be present at be absent from (school/class)How many people were present at the meeting.*past and present present purpose present address3) v . 颁发、赠送、提出，We would like to present some suggestions which would help settle the problem.You need to present yourself better.They presented flowers to their teacher on Teachers Day.They presented their teacher with flowers on Teachers Day.present sth to sbprovide sb with sthpresent sb with sthprovide sth for sb.supply sb with sthoffer sb sthsupply sth to sboffer sth to sbpresence n. 在场；出席 presentation n展示会；发布会；颁奖仪式5was able to make use of a wide vocabulary than ever before.make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用make the best/most of 充分利用You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English.sth be made use of use be made of sthGood use should be made of our time.Our time should be made good use of.We felt amazed at the use they had made of the waste bottles.Such good use has been made of his spare time that his English has improved a lot.*be in use put into use be of use ( value/significance/importance/help) Its no use / useless/ no good doing be used for be /get used to doing sth =be /get accustomed to be used to do sth ,6. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. *such as 例如；像这样的 such as/for example/that is/and so onsuch as用来列举事物。通常插在被举例的带有解释性质的事物与前面的需要进行解释的名词之间，但不能列举前面提到的事物总和。意为“比如；诸如之类的”，可与 like 互换，as 后不能有逗号。for example同for instance一样起到补充说明的作用，表明在众多的内容中仅取一两个例子，可放在举例之前或之后，意为“例如，举个例子”。可用于句首，句中或句末，须用逗号和句子其他部分隔开，that is 是后面列举的事物的总量等于它前面所提到的总和，相当于namely。也用that is to say。and so on 对几个事物进行列举时，在说了其中的几个以后，用and so on进行概括，说明还有例子，但不一一列出。Boys like to play balls, such as football and basketball.Some students, Li Jun, for example, live in the country. I have three good friends, that is, John, Jack and Tom.There are some books, pens, erasers and so on in my bag.*Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.1)believe it or not在句中用作插入语，意为“信不信由你”2）such上述一类的；诸如此类的no such.as没有这样的many such books several such studentsno such person (不能用no such a person)such.as.像这样的such.that.这样以至于such+a/ an + adj. +n （单数） adj.+ 不可数名词adj. +n(复数)He is reading such a book as you borrowed from the library last week.（ as是关系代词，引导定语从句）He is reading such an interesting book that I want to borrow it.（that引导结果状语从句） Such great progress did he make that he was praised.So +adj.+a/an +n (单) So +adj. + n.s so +adj.+(u)n.So heavy is the box that I cant carry it.7.Can you find the following command and request from Reading?1)command n. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握Fire when I give the command.Under the command of the king, they defeated the enemy troops.=Under the kings command , they defeated the enemy troops.He has a good command of English.The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. The officer commanded that his soldiers should fire.A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.常用结构：at/ by sbs command 听某人支配take command of 控制in command of 指挥着under ones command 由某人的指挥=under the command of sb. 在某人的指挥下(With the help of. under the guidance / direction of )command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事command (=order) that . 命令（从句用虚拟语气，即should+ do 形式，should可省略）*一坚持(insist),二命令（command/order）,三建议(suggest/advise/propose) ,四要求(demand/request/require/ask)后接宾语从句用虚拟语气联想拓展commander n. 指挥官 For the first time in years, she felt she was command of her life.The army is the kings direct command.The police arrived and took command the situationin under/at/by of2)request vt.&n. 请求；恳求；要求She made a request for some water.My request is that you should help me.All I request of you is that you should be here earlier.May I request you to stop talking?You are requested not to smoke.It is requested that you should leave the house within six months.常用结构：request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物request that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事make a request/requests 发出请求at the request of sb.at sb.s request依照某人的请求易混辨析 request/demand/requirerequest表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。demand表示“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。require表示“要求所必须的东西；法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。但它们也有不同之处：require和request都可以接sb+to do sth.结构，而demand没有此种用法。但可以说demand of sb. to do sth./ demand to do sth.require+动名词时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand，request无此种用法。The trees require /need/ want watering.to be watered.They are demanding higher wages. 8.Geography also plays a part in making dialects. She plays an active part in local politics. She played a major /leading part in the success of the scheme. Email, as well as telephones, plays an important part in communicating with others.take part (in sth.)参加, 参与（某事）participate in sth./doing 9. They still recognize and understand each others dialects.recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认常用结构：recognize sb. 认出某人recognize ones voice听出某人的声音recognize sb/sth. as .to be 认为某人/某物是；承认为*regard/think of /consider/treat/have/take/see/describe/look upon/acceptasbe recognized as 被承认为It is recognized thatrecognize that .承认I know him. But I could hardly recognize him with his sunglasses on.He is recognized as/ to be one of the best students in his class.When he walked out of the station, I recognized him immediately. Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。Many countries recognized the new government.*recognition n. beyond recognition/ expression/ expectation10. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.(P10) the number of.表示“的数量a large number of 相当于a good / great many或many，表示“许多的，大量的”其后跟可数名词的复数形式，不可跟不可数名词。The number of trees on the deserted mountain is over 200,000A great many (A number of) visitors come to the Palace Museum every year.many,many a (an),a great/good many, a good/large numer of 修辞可数名词much, a good/ great deal of , a large amount of , amounts of 修辞不可数名词a lot of , lots of , a quantity of , quantities of , plenty of ,修辞可数或不可数名词，11. Then others went to work with Murray , including his two daughters.*include vt. 包括，包含The bill includes tax and service. 账单中包含了税金和服务费。Your duties include checking the letters and sorting them outincluding prep. 包括、包含included adj. 包含的、包括在内的I have to prepare food for seven people, including me.I have to prepare food for seven people, me included.Ten students took part in the competition, including three girls.Ten scientists, six women scientists included, were present at the meeting.【重要提示】including一般位于名词或代词的前面，included则位于名词或代词的后面【词语辨析】include / containinclude 只能用作及物动词，意思是“包含，包括。”它侧重指包含者是整体的一部分；contain 也有“包含，含有”的意思，它指包含者是某物的组成部分（或内容）；including 是现在分词，在许多情况下用作介词，后面可直接接宾语，含有补充说明的意思；included 是过去分词，在表示“包括 在内”时长放在被修饰的名词或代词后，起补充说明的意思。比较：Sea water contains salt.This book contains all the information you need.The book includes two chapters on grammar. 12. explain v. 解释、说明、阐明explain sth to sbexplain to sb sth explain the situation explain ones absenceHe explained that he had been cheated. Can you explain how the machine operates? Please explain this rule to me. He made up a story to explain why he was absent拓展：explanation n.13. expect v.预期,期待,盼望The journey was not as nice as we had expected.I expect I will be back on Sunday.At last they got the telegram they had been expecting.They expected to finish the work by Friday.He is expected to get through to the finals.We cant expect one to change the habits of life time in a short time. 拓展：expect to do expect sth expect sb to doI expect so 我想是吧。I expect not= I dont expect so 我认为不会。*hope/wish/desire13. instead of / instead它们的意思都表示“代替；而不是”，但有明显差别：instead of 是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词或另一个介词短语（注意后面的介词不能省略）；instead是副词，单独使用，多放在句中或句末。比较：I dont like this one; give me that instead. I didnt have a pen, so I used a pencil instead. He went to school on foot instead of by bike. He climbed on instead of jumping down. ( 后接动词时，通常采用ving 形式)注意：有时这两个短语可以进行转换，意思基本不变，例如：He didnt go to school. Instead he went to the cinema. = He went to the cinema instead of going to school. 四、【重点句型解读】 1. Which country do you think has the most English learners? do you think/believe/expect/find/know/suppose 作为插入语，放在特殊疑问词后，其他内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。 What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？Why do you think their team could win t