英语词汇试题及答案.doc

11111111111. As far as the origins of the words are concerned, English words can be classified into _b_. A. content words and functional wordsB. native words and borrowed wordsC. basic words and borrowed wordsD. loan words and dialectal words2. A word is _a_ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. A. a minimal free form B. a basic part C. a minimal element D. a free element3. English lexicology embraces _a_, semantics, etymology, stylistics, and lexicography. A. morphology B. phonology C. syntax D. pragmatics4. The internal reason for the difference between sound and form is _d_. A. innovations made by linguistsB. influence of the work of scribesC. stabilization of spelling by printingD. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English5. The relationship between sound and meaning is _c_ and conventional. A. logical B. objective C. arbitrary D. consistent6. Pronouns and _c_ are semantically monosemous and have limited productivity and collocability. A. adverbs B. adjectives C. numerals D. prepositions7. Which of the following is not a functional word? dA. through B. But C. they D. four8. Listed in the course book are _c_ features of native words. A. Five B. Six C. seven D. eight9. _a_ are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. A. Aliens B. Denizens C. Semantic-loans D. Neologisms10. The words borrowed from French or Latin are mostly _b_. A. neutral B. formal C. colloquial D. informal11. There was _a_ agreement between sound and form in Old English than in Modern English. A. more B. little C. less D. a bit more12. Nonbasic vocabulary includes all of the following except _b_. A. neologisms B. Anglo-Saxon words C. archaisms D. technical termsII. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book.1. Etymology is traditionally used for the study of the _ origins_ and history of the form and meaning of words. 2. There are generally two approaches to the study of words, namely _synchronic_ and diachronic. 3. English lexicology is a _ Theoretically-oriented _ course and a practical course as well. 4. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and _meanings_ of words. 5. _ Stylistics _ is the study of style. It is concerned with the users choices of linguistic elements in a particular context for special effects. 6. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and _meaning_ and syntactic function7. A word is a _symbol_ that stands for something else in the world. 8. All the words in a language make up its _vocabulary_. 9.The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common _core_ of the language. 10.Words may fall into content words and functional words by _nation_. 11. _argot_ generally refers to the jargon of criminals. 12. The word “internet” is a_neologism_, but the word “calculus” is a technical term. 13. Native words are words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the _Germanic_ tribes. 14. According to the degree of _ assimilation _ and manner of borrowing, we can bring the loan-words under four classes. 15. _ Denizens _ are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language. III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. A word is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. f2. In different languages the same concept can be represented by different sounds. t3. Under no circumstances can sound and meaning be logically related. f4. Prepositions, conjunctions, numerals and articles all belong to functional words. f5. Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form, meaning, origins and usages of words. t6. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average. F7. The basic word stock enjoys the same features as native words. F(nat.7, bas.5)8. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modern English vocabulary. T9. The expression of “black humour” from “humour noir” is regarded as a semantic-loan. F（tran.)10. The word “port” from “portus” is a translation-loan .F(sem.)11. Such words as kowtow, bazaar and ketchup are aliens. F (ketchup tran.)12. Words of Anglo-Saxon origin are small in number, amounting to roughly 50,000 to 60,000. t13. A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view. t14.When the word “persuader” means “dagger”(匕首）, it is regarded as an argot word t15.Words of the basic word stock are mostly root words or monosyllabic words. TIV. Answer the following questions.1. What is the publicly accepted definition of a word? 1) a minimal free form of a language;(2) a sound unity;(3) a unit of meaning;(4) a form that can function alone in a sentence.Therefore, we can say that a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. What accounts for the differences between sound and form? four major reasons. The internal reason for this is that there are more phonemes than letters in English. Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling. The third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes. The fourth reason is borrowing.3. What is the relationship between sound and meaning? Give examples to illustrate it. The relationship between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary and conventional, and there is no logical relationship between sound and meaning. The same concept can be represented by different sounds in different languages. For example, woman becomes Frau in German and femme in French. On the other hand, the same sound /mi:t/ is used to mean meat, meet, and mete.4. How are English words classified?English words can be classified by different criteria and for different purposes. They may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion, and into native words and borrowed words by origin.5. What is the difference between denizens and aliens? Denizens which are words borrowed early in the past are now well assimilated into the English language and have come to conform to the English way of pronunciation and spelling, but aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling and are immediately recognizable as foreign in origin.22222222222I. Choose the best answer and put the letter of your choice in the brackets.1. The prehistoric Indo-European parent language is thought to be a highly _d_ language A. advanced B. developed C. complicated D. inflected2. The following languages are all Germanic except _a_. A. Scottish B. Swedish C. Flemish D. Danish3. In the Western set, Greek is the modern language derived from _b_. A. Italic B. Hellenic C. Celtic D. Germanic4. Words such as Kent, London, bin and crag are from _a_. A. Celtic B. Germanic C. Scandinavian D. Latin5. We find the following languages in the Italic except _c_. A. Spanish B. Roumanian C. Norwegian D. Portuguese6. The early inhabitants of the British Isles were _b_. A. Germans B. Celts C. Scandinavians D. Romans7. It is estimated that at least _c_ words of Scandinavian origin have survived in Modern English. A. 1200 B. 1000 C. 900 D. 8008. The word “candle” came from _d_. A. French B. Danish C. Celtic D. Latin9. Old English began to undergo a great change when the _d_ invaded England in 1066. A. Romans B. Angles C. Danes D. Normans10. Between 1250 and 1500 about _b_ words of French origin poured into English.A. 8000 B. 9000 C. 10000 D. 1200011. Modern English is regarded as a/an _a_ language. A. analytic B. inflected C. synthetic D. advanced12. In modern times, _c_ is considered to be the most important way of vocabulary expansion. A. semantic change B. meaning change C. creation D. borrowingII. Complete the following statements with proper words and expressions given in the course book.1. The language of the early inhabitants of the British Isles is _Celtic_. 2. World languages can be grouped into roughly _300_ language families on the basis of similarities in the basic word stock and grammar. 3. Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and _Swedish_ are generally known as Scandinavian languages. 4. The second major language known in England was the _Latin_ of the Roman Legions(军团）. 5. Now people generally refer to _Anglo-Saxon_ as Old English. 6. The introduction of _Christianity_ at the end of 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary 7. Old English was a highly inflected language just like modern _German_. 8. In the 9th century the land was invaded again by Norwegian and _Danish_Vikings.9. Modern English began with the establishment of _printing_ in England. 10. In the early period of Modern English, Europe saw a new upsurge of learning ancient _Greek_ and Roman classics. 11. English has evolved from a _synthetic_ language ( Old English ) to the present analytic language12. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, _semantic_ change, and borrowing. 13. Reviving _archaic_ or obsolete words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary though quite insignificant. 14. In modern English, word _endings_ were mostly lost with just a few exceptions.15. Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, _affixes_ and other elements. III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. The surviving languages of the Indo-European language family fall into ten principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set and a Western set. F 2. Celtic is generally known as Old English. F 3. Spanish, French and Italian all belong to the Italic. T 4. Danish, Icelandic, Dutch and Norwegian are generally known as Scandinavian languages. F 5. The Germanic tribes were considered to be the first peoples known to inhabit the British Isles. F 6. In the 6th century many Scandinavian words came into the English language. F（Latin)7. Old English refers to the language used between 450 and 1150. t 8. Middle English lasted for more than three hundred years. T 9. During the Middle English period, about 2,500 words of Dutch origin found their way into English. T 10. French, Celtic and English existed simultaneously for over a century. F 11. Social and economic terms make up more new words than science and technology terms. F 12. In modern times, borrowing is still the most important way of vocabulary expansion. f13. Middle English retained much fewer inflections than Old English. T14. English, German, Irish and Flemish all belong to the Germanic. f15. Modern English is a synthetic language fIV. Answer the following questions.1. What does the Germanic family consist of? The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are known as Scandinavian languages. Then there is German, Dutch, Flemish and English. 2. What major families can be found in the Indo-European language family? In the Indo-European language family, we can find eight main groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern set: Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic, Italic, Hellenic and Germanic.3. What are the characteristics of Old English? Old English was mainly Anglo-Saxon spoken by the Germanic tribes called Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. It had a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modern German. It was a synthetic language.4. What are the characteristics of Middle English? Middle English (1150-1500) borrowed a large number of words mainly from French. It had a much larger vocabulary. It retained much fewer inflections. It was a language of leveled endings.5. What are the characteristics of Modern English? Modern English (1500-up to now) has a huge vocabulary of different elements. Word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions. English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language.333333333333333I. Choose the best answer and put the letter of your choice in the brackets.1. The minimal meaningful units are known as _c_. A. morphs B. stems C. morphemes D. roots2. The word shortenings contains _b_ morphemes.A. three B. four C. five D. six3. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as _a_. A. morphs B. phonemes C. lexemes D. allomorphs4. Words like cat, dog, tree and so on are called _d_ words. A. stem B. polysemous C. polymorphism D. monomorphemic5. Free morphemes are the same as _d_ words. A. clipped B. stem C. native D. root6. In the word “contradiction”, the morpheme “-dict-“ is _b_. A. a free root B. a bound root C. an affix D. an allomorph7. In the word “international”, “nation” is not a _c_. A. free morpheme B. stem C. bound morpheme D. free root8. A bound morpheme has to combine with other _a_ to make words.A. morphemes B. allomorphs C. phonemes D. Lexemes9. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in _a_ words. A. derived B. converted C. inflectional D. compound10. _c_ affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. A. Inflectional B. Bound C. Derivational D. Converted11. A _d_ is a form to which affixes of any kind can be added. A. root B. morph C. morpheme D. Stem12. The word _b_ contain an inflectional affix.A. worker B. happier C. formal D. enrich II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions given in the course book.1. A _word_ is not the smallest unit because many words can be separated into even smaller meaningful units. 2. A _morpheme_ is considered to be the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words.3. The plural morpheme has a number of _allomorphs_ in different sound context. 4. There is no _free/inflectional_ morpheme in the word “dictation”. 5. Free morphemes and free _roots_are identical. 6. Affixes added to other morphemes to create new words are called _derivational_ affixes. 7. The word “internationalists” has _five_ morphemes. 8. According to the _functions_ of affixes, we can put them into two groups: inflectional and derivational affixes.9. The regular plural suffix s/-es is an _inflectional_ affix. 10. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and _affix_. 11. Almost all affixes are _bound_ morphemes. 12. Most morphemes are realized by single morphs_. III. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.1. Morphemes which cannot occur as separate words are bound. T 2. Inflectional morphemes indicate grammatical relationships. T 3. A stem is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analyzed. F 4. The morphemes which are realized by only one morph are called allomorphs. F 5. Free morphemes can be used as words alone. T 6. What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes is a stem. F 7. A word is the minimal meaningful unit of a language. F 8. The word “prisoners” has two morphemes. F 9. There is an inflectional morpheme in the word “easier”. t10. Free morphemes are also known as free roots. t IV. Answer the following questions.1. What are the differences between a bound morpheme and a bound rootBound morphemes which cannot occur as separate words include two types: bound root and affix. A bound morpheme may be either a bound root or an affix. Bound roots, only one type of bound morphemes, are included in bound morphemes.2. What are the differences between a root and a stem? A root and a stem are not the same. A root is the basic form of a word which cannot be further analysed. A stem may consist of a single root or two roots or a root plus one or more affixes. Therefore a stem can be a root or a form bigger than a root. V. Analyze and comment on the following.1. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words.2. Point out the types of morphemes.prediction, strawberries, encouragement(1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes: prediction ( pre + dict + ion ), strawberries ( straw + berry + es ), encouragement ( en + courage + ment ).2) “Straw”, “berry” and “courage” are all free morphemes as they can stand alone as words.(3) Of the nine morphemes, all the rest pre-, -dict-, -ion, -es, en- and ment are bound morphemes as they cannot stand alone as words. Of the six bound morphemes, pre-, -ion, en- and ment are derivational morphemes and es is an inflectional morpheme, while dict- is a bound root.2. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words in terms of free morphemes and bound morphemes, t