2015年学位英语整理阅读理解.docx

Passage1Among all the animals, theape is most like human beings. Both people and apes have the similar brainstructure, the similar nerve system, and the similar kind of blood.There are four kinds ofapes: the chimpanzee（黑猩猩）, the orangutan（猩猩）, the gorilla（大猩猩）, and the gibbon（长臂猿）. They live in the deepforests and warm tropical regions of Africa and of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia.All apes are covered withbrown, reddish-brown, or black hair everywhere on their bodies except theirfaces, feet, and hands. Their hands each have four fingers and a thumb thathelps them grip things the way our thumbs help us. But they also have a thumbon each foot instead of a big toe. Thus they can hold things with their feet also.Having short, weak legs, apes do not walk on the ground very much. However,their arms are very strong. This enables them to swing from branches and travelvery quickly from tree to tree.These animals live insmall family groups that move from place to place in search of vegetables andfruits. They also eat eggs, small animals, nuts, and insects. When they aretired, they build nests in the trees. But they rarely sleep there for more thana night or two. Then they move on to look for more food.There are some differencesamong the following three kids of apes. The gibbon is never more than threefeet high and weight only about fourteen pounds. The gorilla grows to be sixfeet tall and weight up to 600 pounds. The orangutan is smaller than thegorilla. It stands three to five feet tall and weight up to 200 pounds.Chimpanzees are thesmartest of all apes. They can be taught to sit at a table and eat, to dressthemselves, and to do things that human children can do.56. What does the firstparagraph tell us?A. The ape looks like human beingsmost.B. People and the ape think alike.C. People and the ape behave alike.D. The ape is the most intellectualanimal in the world.57. Which of the followingsentences is TRUE?A. All apes are brown or black.B. All parts of apes bodies arecovered with hair.C. Apes have weak legs but verystrong arms.D. Apes arms are strong enough toswim.58. Apes build nests inthe trees but seldom sleep there for more than a night or two because _.A. They like to live in small familygroupsB. They like to move from place toplace in search of more foodC. They like to eat eggs, smallanimals, nuts and insectsD. it rains too often in the deepforests59. Among the three kindsof apes, _.A. the gorilla is the biggestB. the gibbon is only three feet highbut it is heavier than the orangutanC. the orangutan is smaller than thegorilla and cleverer than the gibbonD. the orangutan can stand up to agreat height, but others cannot60. The last paragraphtells us that _.A. chimpanzees can do better thanhuman childrenB. chimpanzees can do many thingsthat human children cannot doC. human children can do many thingsthat chimpanzees cannot doD. the intelligence of chimpanzees issimilar to that of human children答案解析：Part V Reading Comprehension (20 points)Passage 156. A 解析 细节题。由文章首句可知，在自然界中，猿与人最相似。故选A。57. C 解析 细节题。由文章第三段倒数第二、三句可知，猿的腿短而无力，但手臂很强壮，故选C。倒数第一句说，强壮的手臂使得猿能够swing而不是swim，排除D。由该段第一、二句可排除A、B两项。58. B 解析 细节题。文章第四段指出，猿四处迁居以寻找蔬菜与水果，它们累了就在树上造窝，偶尔在窝里休息一两个晚上，然后继续迁移以找到更多的食物，所以B正确。59. A 解析 细节题。文章第五段指出，长臂猿（gibbon）高不足3英尺，重仅14磅；大猩猩（gorilla）高6英尺，重达600磅；猩猩（orangutan）高3至5英尺，重200磅。综合可知，A正确。60. D 解析 推断题。文章最后一段指出，黑猩猩是所有猿中最聪明的，可以做儿童能做的事情。由此推断，黑猩猩的智力与儿童的智力相似，故选D。Passage2Videodisc holds greatpromise of helping to meet the needs of American schoolchildren who haveproblems seeing, hearing, speaking, or socializing. Almost eleven percent ofthe students aged 321 inthis country have an impairment that affects their ability to benefit from aregular education program. Handicapped students require special educationbecause they are often markedly different from most children in one or more ofthe following ways: mentally retarded（发展迟缓的） learning-disabled, emotionallydisturbed, deaf, visually handicapped, physically handicapped, or other healthimpairments. The education of these handicapped children is rewarding butchallenging.A special educationstudent usually needs a longer period of time to acquire information.Repetitive teaching techniques are often beneficial, and indefatigable（孜孜不倦的） consistency on thepart of the teacher is frequently necessary. Interactive videodisc coursewarehas characteristics that can be capitalized upon to meet the challenges thatspecial education poses. A videodisc program is infinitely patient. Repetitionof any videodisc lesson can continue endlessly, and designers can assureabsolute consistency within a program. Most important, according to specialeducator William Healey of the University of Arizona, is thatvideodisc “adds an extra dimension of realism for children who need graphicrepresentations.”Healey explained that deafand mentally retarded children especially have difficulty grasping figurative（比喻的）language and higher-orderlanguage concepts. He believes that for special education, the power ofvideodisc lies in the ability of the technology to visually represent languageconcepts normally taken for granted by non-handicapped persons. Complexfigurative language forms such as idioms and metaphors come most readily tomind as being difficult for handicapped learners.61. The special educationmentioned in the text is mainly concerned with _.A. genius students from day-care centersto collegesB. students who are fond of computervideo gamesC. teachers of language in the University of ArizonaD. students who are either mentallyor physically disabled62. A videodisc coursewareis beneficial to those who have study difficulties because _.A. its fancy design is veryattractiveB. it allows the user to go back towhere he wants to restudyC. the content of it is healthy andpromisingD. it is developed by universityprofessors63. According to ProfessorHealey, we may infer that mentally retarded children perhaps _.A. need graphic representations in order to understand higher-orderlanguage conceptsB. are good at studying English idioms but often fail to grasphigher-order language conceptsC. are not very patient with videodisc which helps them to understand theworld conceptsD. tend to be deaf as well and have difficulty learning the simpleconcept “before and after”64. The best phrase thatsummarizes the main idea of the text is _.A. handicapped students and their problemsB. videodisc and special educationC. computer assisted teaching programsD. normal children and handicapped kids65. The word “impairment”(Line 3, Para. 1) probably means _.A. habitB. disabilityC. misconceptionD. belief答案解析：Passage 261. D 解析 细节题。由文章第一段“Handicapped students require special education because they are”可知，文中提及的特殊教育,针对的是有智力和身体残疾的学生们，故选D。62. B 解析 推断题。文章第二段第二句指出，残疾儿童往往需要老师不厌其烦地反复教导，接着谈到互动式影碟课件可以不断地重放课程，由此推断，影碟课件使学习有困难的学生能够回放他们想再次学习的课程，故选B。63. A 解析 推断题。文章第三段的前两句指出，希利教授解释说耳聋和智力发展迟缓的孩子很难明白比喻性的话语和较为复杂的语言概念，所以他们需要直观的图解，而影碟能够帮助他们，由此推断A正确。64. B 解析 主旨题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了对残疾孩子的特殊教育和辅助这种特殊教育的影碟课件，故选B。65. B 解析 语义题。文章第一段的第二句指出，在该国3至21岁的学生中，约有11%的学生有_从而影响了他们接受常规教育的能力。habit意为“习惯”，disability意为“残疾”，misconception意为“误解”，belief意为“信仰”。由句意可知，B正确。Passage3There are many ways ofdefining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept ofsuccess to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goalsand determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each ofus possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environmentsin which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must definesuccess broadly.For some people,simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering isconsidered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tendshis sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, andwho is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected ofand accepted by his and his society. On the other hand, it seems that eventhough some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seemto be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their ownstandards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one shouldnot set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidenceit would be unfortunate to set ones goals at too low a level of achievement.A wise counselor oncesaid to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professionalsuccess: “You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to havesuccess in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking awalk in the park or riding the subway downtown,”The counselor added, “You havenot really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have beenunsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given you besteffort.”66. In the firstparagraph, the author implies that _ are essential in achieving success.A. ability and goals B.goals and determinationC. ability and environment D. goals and environment67. The word “frugal”(Line 3, Para. 2) means _.A. wealthy B. wastefulC. thrifty D.miserable68. Some rich peopleconsider themselves unsuccessful because _.A. their life is miserable B. they do not live in peaceC. their goals are too low D. they are not rich enough by theirown standards69. The last paragraphimplies that _.A. we should have high goals B. success means achieving greatgoals C. success means taking a walk in theparkD. success means trying ones best atwhat one really likes70. This passagemainly talks about _.A. the definition of success B. how to achieve successC. how to set goals D.the importance of goals答案解析：Passage 366. C 解析 推断题。由文章第一段最后一句可知，由于我们每个人天生的能力和后天成长的环境不同，所以我们对成功的定义很泛。由此可以推断，作者认为能力和环境是获得成功的基本条件，故选C。67. C 解析 语义题。结合文章第二段第二句中的poor shepherd（贫穷的牧羊人）和选项，可以推断C正确，thrifty意为“节俭的，朴素的”；wealthy意为“富有的”，wasteful意为“浪费的”，miserable意为“悲惨的”，均排除。68. D 解析 细节题。文章第二段倒数第二句指出，有的人已经很富有了却认为自己不成功，那是因为他们是根据自己的目标判断成功与否的，所以D正确。69. D 解析 推断题。文章最后一句指出，在没有尽全力做自己喜欢的事而失败之前，失败都不算真正的失败。由此推断，文章最后一段暗示，成功就是尽全力做自己喜欢的事情，所以D正确。70. A 解析 主旨题。本文第一句是全文的主题句，即每个人对成功的定义都不同。在接下来的几段中，作者从不同角度定义了成功，所以A正确。Passage4When Mike Kelly firstset out to build his own private spaceferryservice, he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satelliteinto high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. “People werealways asking me when they could go,” says Kelly, who runs Kelly SpaceTechnology, “I realized the real market is in space tourism.”According topreliminary market surveys, there are 10 000 would-be space tourists willing tospend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken morethan 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98 000 space tour tentatively set to occurby 2005. This may sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simplesatellite into orbitwith no oxygen, lifesupport or return trip necessaryalready costs andastronomical $2 200/kg. And that doesnt include the cost of insuring rich andpossibly litigious（爱打官司的）passengers. The entiregroup of entrepreneurs trying to corner the space tourism market has betweenthem “just enough money to blow up one rocket”.The U.S. space agency has plenty ofmoney but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. Sothe little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design areusable launch system thats inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Spacesprototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket inCaliforniahas a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The firstpassenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the FederalAviation Administration in Washingtonare already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you cant betoo prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.71. Which of thefollowing is the best title for the passage?A. Take Vacations in Space B. Building Hotels in SpaceC. Flight Regulations in SpaceTravels D. Cost of Space Traveling72. The phrase “bread-and-butterbusiness” (Line 2, Pare.1) most probably means _.A. a business to sell bread andbutter B. a business to produce breadand butterC. the business to make a living D. a traveling agency73. How much is the2-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?A. $1 million. B. $10 000. C. $98 000 D. $2200074. Which of thefollowing is TRUE according to the passage?A. The biggest hurdle for thespace-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.B. The entrepreneurs trying toexplore the space-tourism have plenty of money.C. The government has littleinterests in this project.D. The first passenger countdowns arewithin a few years.75. Whats the authorstone in the last sentence of the passage?A. Objective. B. Ironical. C.Approving. D. Enthusiastic.答案解析：Passage 471. A 解析 主旨题。通读全文可知，文章讨论的是太空旅游业的可行性，所以A正确。其他三项均没有全面概括文章大意。72. C 解析 语义题。文章第一段首句指出，麦克开始倒立自己的太空旅行社时，他构想他的_将能把人造卫星送上地球轨道。A（卖面包和黄油的生意），B（生产面包和黄油的生意），C（谋生生意），D（旅游中介）四个选项中，C最符合题意。bread-and-butter意为“实用的，生计的”。73. C 解析 细节题。文章第二段第二句指出，公司收取了130多份定金，费用是两小时98 000美圆，所以C正确。74. C 解析 推断题。文章第三段提到，太空旅行最大的困难是资金问题，美国政府对此没什么兴趣，所以C正确。A（计划的最大困难是生命维持系统问题），B（开发此市场的企业家们有足够的资金），D（首次航行在几年内就可实现），均与原文不符，故排除。75. B 解析 观点态度题。根据上下文可知，作者认为实现太空旅行还很遥远，而有人却已经开始制定规划了。作者的话语中（that galaxy far, far away）含有讽刺意味，所以B正确；A（客观的）、C（赞同的）、D（热衷的）均不正确。Passage 5What makes Americansspend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from home? The answers liein the way Americans live today. During the first few decades of the twentiethcentury, canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook fromfull-time duty at the kitchen range.Then, in the 1940s,work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of the home that everbefore, setting the pattern of the working wife and mother. Unless familymembers pitch in with food preparation, women are not fully liberated from thatchore.Its easier to pick upa bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or take the family out forpizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen dinners aftera long, hard day. Also nowadays, the rising divorce rate means that there aremore single working parents with children to feed. And many young adults andelderly people, as well as unmarried and divorced mature people, live alonerather than as a part of a family unit and dont want to bother cooking forone. Fast food is appealing because it is fast, it doesnt require any dressingup, it offers a “fun” break in the daily routine, and the outlay of money seemssmall. It can be eaten in the carsometimespicked up at a drive-in window without even getting outor on the run. Even if it isbrought home to eat, there will never be any dirty dishes to wash because ofthe handy disposable wrappings. Children, especially, love fast food because itsfinger food, no struggling with knives and forks, no annoying instructions fromadults about table manners.56. Americans enjoyfast food mainly because _.A. it can be eaten in the carB. it is much more tasty than home-made foodC. one only uses his fingers while eating itD. it is time-saving and convenient57. It can be inferredthat children _.A. want to have freedom at tableB. wash dishes after each mealC. are not good at using forks and knives while eatingD. take eating time as a fun break58. Many Americans areeating out and not cooking at home nowadays because _.A. they want to make a change after eating the same food for years athomeB. the food made outside home tastes better than food cooked at homeC. many of them live alone or dont like taking trouble to cookD. American women refuse to cook at home due to womens liberationmovement59. According to thetext, a drive-in window is a _.A. car window from which you can see the driverB. window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the carC. place where you check the mechanic condition of your carD. entrance where you return the used plates after eating60. The expressionpitch in with (Line 2, Para. 2) probably means_.A. complainB. enjoyC. helpD. deny答案解析：Passage 556. D 细节题。由文章第三段第四句提到的“fast food is appealing because it is fast，it doesnt require any dressing up.”可知，D项正确。57.C 推断题。文章第三段最后一句提到“no struggling with knives and forks”，由struggling一词可推断，孩子们不擅长使用刀叉吃饭，所以C正确。58. C 推断题。文章第三段提到，现在很多人都独自居住，他们不愿意为自己一个人烹制食物，所以C正确。由于题目问的是nowadays的情况，所以可排除强干扰项D。59. B 推断题。文章第三段倒数第三句提到“sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out”，由句中的“without even getting out”可以推断，drive-in window意为“免下窗口”，即司机可以不用下车就能拿到食物，所以B项正确。60. C语义题。文章第二段第二句意为“只要家庭成员不准备食物，妇女们就无法完全从家务杂事中解放出来”，由此推断，pitch in with应意为“帮助”，故选C。Passage 6While still in itsearly stages, welfare reform has already been judged a great success in manystatesat least in gettingpeople off welfare. Its estimated that more than 2 million people have leftthe rolls since 1994.In the past fouryears, welfare rolls in Athens Country have been cut in half. But 70 percent ofthe people who left in the past two years took jobs that paid less than $6 anhour. The result: The Athens County poverty rate still remains at more than 30percenttwice the nationalaverage.For advocates（代言人）for the poor, thats anindicatio