英语四级复习.doc

Chapter One 文章开头句型1-1 对立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 适用于有争议性的主题. Free admission to museums例如(e.g) 1. When asked about., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that . But I think/view a bit differently. 2. When it comes to . , some people believe that . Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the latter .) 3. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that . They claim/ believe/argue that . But I wonder/doubt whether. 1-2 现象法 引出要剖析的现象或者问题, 然后评论 . e.g Limiting the use of disposable plastic bags1. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) . has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. 2. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of .has been brought into focus. 3.Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality . is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly. 1-3 观点法 -开门见山,直截了当地提出自己对要讨论的问题的看法. e.g: Green campus2. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that. 3. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition to the necessity to.Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of . 4. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that. 1-4 引用法 - 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 来引出文章要展开论述的观点! e.g: 1. Knowledge is power. such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people . Education is not complete with graduation. Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. 2. How often we hear such statements/words like those /this . In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this . 1-5 比较法 - 通过对过去,现在 两种不同的倾向,观点的比较 , 引出文章要讨论的观点. e.g: what is a quality life?1. For years, .had been viewed as . But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing . , people . . 2. People used to think that . (In the past, .) But people now share this new. 1-6 故事法 - 先讲一个较短的故事来引发读者的兴趣, 引出文章的主题. e.g: On serious disasters1. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt . The phenomenon of . has aroused public concern. 2. I have a friend who . Should he . ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. 3. Once upon a time , there lived a man who . This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now. 1-8 问题法 - 先用讨论或解答的设问, 引出自己观点, 适用于有争议性的话题. e.g: Should/What . ? Options of . vary greatly , some ., others . But in my opinion , . . Chapter 2 文章中间主体内容句型 原因结果分析 3-1-1. 基本原因 - 分析某事物时, 用此句型说明其基本的或者多方面的原因. e.g: 1. Why . ? For one thing. For another . 2. The answer to this problem involves many factors. For one thing. For another. Still another . 3. A number of factors , both physical and psychological affect . /both individual and social contribute to . 3-1-2 另一原因 - 在分析了基本原因之后, 再补充一个次要的或者更重要时用! e.g: 1. Another important factor is . 2. . is also responsible for the change/problem. 3. Certainly , the . is not the sole reason for . 3-1-3 后果影响 - 分析某事物可能造成的后果或者带来的影响 . e.g: 1. It will produce a profound/far-reaching effect/impact on. 2. It involves some serious consequence for . 比较对照句型 3-2-1. 两者比较 - 比较两事物, 要说出其一超过另一个, 或肯定一事物的优点, 也肯定其缺点的时候用 ! e.g: 1. The advantages gained from A are much greater than the advantages we gain from B. 2. Indeed, A carries much weight when compared with B. 3. There is no doubt that it has its negative effects as well as positive effects. 3-2-2 . 两者相同/相似 - 比较两事物共同都有或者共同都没有的特点时用! e.g: 1. A and B have several thing in common. They are similar in that. 2. A bears some striking resemblance(s) to B. Chapter Three 文章结尾形式 2-1 结论性- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 . e.g: 1. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that . 2. In summary/In a word , it is more valuable . 2-2 后果性- 揭示所讨论的问题若不解决, 将产生的严重后果. e.g: air pollution1. We must call for an immediate method , because the current phenomenon of . , if allowed to proceed, will surely lead to the heavy cost of . 2. Obviously , if we ignore/are blind to the problem , there is every chance that . will be put in danger. 2-3 号召性 - 呼吁读者行动起来, 采取行动或提请注意. e.g: Class absence1. It is (high) time that we urged an immediate end to the undesirable tendency of . 2. It is essential that effective measures should be taken to correct the tendency. 2-4 建议性 - 对所讨论的问题提出建议性的意见, 包括建议和具体的解决问题的方法. e.g: Trafic jam1. While it cannot be solved immediately, still there are ways. The most popular is . Another method is . Still another one is . 2. Awareness/Recognition of the problem is the first step toward the situation. 2-5 方向性的结尾方式 - 其与建议性的唯一差别就是对问题解决提出总的, 大体的方向或者指明前景. e.g: 1. Many solutions are being offered here , all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough. The problem should be recognized in a wide way . 2. There is no quick method to the issue of ., but . might be helpful/beneficial. 3. The great challenge today is . There is much difficulty , but . 2-6 意义性的结尾方式 - 文章结尾的时候,从更高的更新的角度指出所讨论的问题的重要性以及其深远的意义! e.g: 1. Following these suggestions may not guarantee the success, but .might be worth the effort . It will not only benefit but also benefit . 2. In any case, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that it will undoubtedly .考试时间英文题目话题提纲形式2010年6月Due Attention should be Given to Spelling英语学习现象描述+原因分析+解决措施2009年12月Creating a Green Campus绿色校园现象描述+问题分析+解决措施2009年6月Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags一次性塑料袋现象描述+问题分析+解决措施2008年12月Free Admission to Museums博物馆现象描述+问题分析+解决措施2008年6月Recreational Activities娱乐活动现象描述+利弊分析+我的看法2007年12月What Electives to Choose选修课现象描述+原因分析+我的看法2007年6月An Introduction to a Club俱乐部介绍社团介绍+原因分析+参加方式2006年12月On the Spring Festival Gala春晚现象描述+反方观点+我的看法2006年6月（新题型）Students Selecting Their Teachers选教师上课现象描述+原因分析+问题分析2006年6月（老题型）A Poster Recruiting Volunteers志愿者活动现象描述+活动描述+参加方式2005年12月Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?大学校园开放与否现象描述+正反观点+我的看法通过以上话题和提纲形式分析，我们可以发现四级考试作文在话题和提纲形式方面的三个突出特点：一、写作话题非当前社会热点话题（如：2008年6月前后热点的社会话题应该是奥运会和汶川地震，但四、六级、考研写作话题均未出现）；相反，四级考试的话题更多的集中在了次热点话题上（如：英语学习、绿色校园、一次性塑料袋等等均非当年大家特别关心的话题，但是这些话题本身又没有脱离社会和学校的范畴）。二、写作类型考查以论说文为主（9次）、应用文（2次）为辅，其中尤其需要注意的是在论说文的三种类型中，问题解决型是近来考试的热点（5次）、其次是观点对比型（3次）和现象描述型（1次）。三、论说文的首个提纲多考查到现象描述能力，即使应用文均考察到了描述或说明类写作能力。如2007年“俱乐部介绍”的写作中要求考生对俱乐部进行英文介绍，本质上与描述现象写法无异；2006年6月（老题型）的首个提纲也不例外。综合以上分析，笔者认为考生备考阶段应该重点培养“现象描述”、“原因/问题分析”、“解决措施”和“发表看法”几个重点功能段落的写作能力。1 问题解决型Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topicOnline Shopping. You should write no less than 120/150 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 很多人开始在网上购买商品2网上购物可能存在的问题3我的看法Online Shopping首段：3句话= 背景+事实描述+举例说明The past decade has witnessed the huge advancement of Information Technology (背景描述). And shopping through the Internet has gained great popularity among web surfers（主题事实描述）. For instance, it can be noticed that an increasing number of youngsters purchase clothes, books, electrical equipment and the like on Taobao, EBay and Alibaba.（举例法扩展段落）2段：问题分析4句话 = 主题句+ 危害1+危害2 +危害总结In spite of the convenience and low price of this shopping, others argue that we can not turn a blind eye to its negative aspects. Firstly, they point out that the quality may not be as superior as it is described and sometimes, it is possible for customers to buy fake commodities. In addition, many customers find it troublesome to make a change when they are not satisfied. As has been noted, these do exert施加 bad impacts.尾段：解决措施（即我的看法）3句话 = 总说+建议+展望未来As a customer, I am convinced that effective measures should be taken to enhance it.(总说看法) To be specific, it is suggested that regulations and rules should be worked out to scrutinize仔细审查 online shop owners. (或者：Specifically, shoppers are well-advised to be alert when purchasing online.) A promising online shopping is just awaiting us if we spare no effort to do so.Low carbon life1.如今人们越来越重视低碳生活2.低碳生活能给我们生活带来什么影响3.怎么做才能实现低碳生活Shanghai Expo1. 世博会在中国成功举办并落下帷幕2. 有人认为世博会对中国人民有好的影响，因为也有人认为举办世博会劳民伤财，因为3. 我的观点是四级翻译经典题型与解析1. Female students constitute the majority of our class. .（相比之下，他们班全由男生组成）2.As our time was running out, we drove even faster （希望能够准时赶到机场）.3.（这些问题连续不断地出现）suggests that our plan should be adjusted.4.In his recently written autobiography, （他把自己的成功归功于父母的鼓励）.5.（我们现在必须唤醒人们认识到环保的重要性），or it would be too late.6.If he had known this would happen, （他当初也许会以不同方式行事）.7.（只要你一直努力工作），you will recall your past with satisfaction.8.Every mother is proud of her child and （父亲也一样）.9.No one knows exactly （信息高速路的发展将把我们带往何处）.10.（他刚到家）when it started raining.11.If I had remembered to close the window, （小偷就不会进来）.12. Ill never forget （第一次和你见面）.13.Mary rushed into the room, （抱着一个大纸箱）.14.A minute ago the old lady （撕开信封）with great excitement.15.My washing machine broke down this morning. （我打算明天把它送去修理）.16.The report said that the sample water had too much lead in it, （可能对我们的健康有害）.17.（信已经写完了）by the time you come back.18.（尽管不富裕），they feel quite satisfied with their standard of living condition.19.（我以前常去看电影），but I never get the time now.20.The pictures make （孩子们理解文字更容易）.21.（既然你们明天才走）,we can have dinner together tonight.22. In terms of experience, Mr. Green has the right stuff for the work, （但目前他的健康状况不佳）.23.（地震的破坏非常严重）that the city took decades to recover.24.The speaker, （以精彩的演讲而闻名）, was warmly received by the audience.25.By the time you get to Greenwich （你会看到伦敦最古老的部分）.26. （那天已经不远了）modern communication becomes widespread in Chinas countryside.27. （我以前从没见过任何人）who has the skill John has when it comes to repairing cars.28.The second book was （完成）by this March, but two months later, the end was still nowhere in sight.29.He set out again on his journey around the world, （尽管他的朋友们劝他不要去）.30.（学生不喜欢传统课堂的原因之一）is that students are seldom allowed to express their ideas in a traditional classroom.31.The supermarket sells various kinds of things, （从衣物食品到电脑游戏） 32.The new type of machine has been put in service, （让我们年底完成工程成为可能）33. It is true that humans have an extraordinary genius for working wonders, but （污染仍是当前及未来最严重的问题之一）34. It is true that the world faces problems of pollution, but （这个问题可以通过全球的努力加以控制）35.（在任何一个存在种族歧视的社会里）, there will always be tension.36.Some people say that in the next 30 years the population of Antarctica will grow steadily, （印度也同样）37. Someday, perhaps, （科学家能够准确地预报地震）38.（整夜他清醒地躺在床上）worrying about his financial problems.39.It is widely accepted that （社会的整个结构都依赖于相互信任）40. By six thirty every morning, （操场上满是晨练的学生）41.For some reason, she was not well prepared for the test. But （她是个诚实的女孩），she would not cheat on an exam.42.（无论你怎样看他），there is no reason to suspect him of doing this deliberately.43.You have neglected your work for too long and （你不可能在一周内赶上来）.44.（位于伦敦西北），Oxford University is noted far and wide for its academic excellence.45.This medical research （目的在于找出治疗遗传性血液病的新方法）because the drugs now in use cannot cure these complicated diseases.46.（当被问及对这次试题的感觉）, nearly all students in this class said it was too difficult.47.During her school days, （她经常学习到很晚）because she wanted to be qualified for the scholarship.48. A mature man is one （善于把失败转化为成功）.49.The little girl was alert to every sound in the house （因为她被那部恐怖电影吓倒了）.50.Some construction workers （偶然发现一些古币）that were made in the 9th century.四级翻译经典题型与解析（答案）答案1.【答案】By contrast, their class is made up of male students only.或By contrast, only male students constitute their class.【解析】本题的主要考点在于固定搭配。表达“相比”或“与相对”之意可用词组by contrast，而“组成”之意可使用前文提到的动词constitute也可使用词组be made up of。2.【答案】in hopes that we could arrive at the airport on time或in hopes that we could reach the airport on time又或in hopes that we could make it to the airport on time【解析】本题的主要考点在于固定搭配。通过分析前半句可知，“希望”并非句子的谓语，因此不可直接使用动词hope，而应使用固定搭配in hopes that意为“怀着的希望”。“准时”之意考查的是比较基础的词组on time,此处应注意其与表达“即时”之意的in time相区别。而“赶到”之意可用arrive at或reach，也可用表达“成功地”之意的固定搭配make it to。3.【答案】The fact that these problems are continually showing up或The continual appearance of these problems【解析】本题的考点在于语法。通过分析句子结构可知，本句谓语为suggest，所以需要翻译的部分充当句子的主语，故可以考虑使用从句或使用名词性词组。需要注意的是使用从句时应根据语法需要补出汉语中没有体现出的部分the fact，使句子结构完整。4.【答案】he owes his success to his parents encouragement或He attributes his success to his parentsencouragement【解析】本题考点在于固定搭配。“把归功于”或“把归因于”可使用词组owe.to.或attribute.to.。本题另一个易错之处在于所有格的使用。以-s结尾的复数名词所有格只需加。5.【答案】We must awaken people to the importance of environment protection【解析】本题主要的考点在于固定搭配。表达“唤醒对的注意或警惕”之意应使用动词词组awaken.to.。另一需要注意的地方时所有格的使用。本题中“环保的重要性”不可用s表示，而应使用of结构。6.【答案】he would have acted differently或He would have acted in a different way【解析】本题主要考查语法，考点是虚拟语气。由句意提示可知，本句是if引导的虚拟句，表示对过去情况的假设。由于前半句出现了had加动词的过去分词，后半句应使用would加have done的结构。7.【答案】As long as you keep working hard或As long as you work hard all the time【解析】本题考点在于固定搭配。表达“只要”之意可用词组as long as.，而提示中出现的“一直”则可使用动词词组keep doing.，意为“一直或持续做某事”，也可考虑用all the time来表示时间。8.【答案】so is every father【解析】本句主要考点为语法，考查倒装结构。当so表示“同样”或“也”之意时，其后的句子需要倒装。翻译本句时还要注意every father作主语时谓语应为单数形式。9.【答案】where the development of the information highway will lead us【解析】本题的主要考点在语法，考查考生对从句的掌握情况。由提示可知，从句应由where引导，且考生应特别注意从句不能为疑问句语序而应为陈述句语序。关于从句的时态选择，根据中文提示可清楚判断为一般将来时。10.【答案】Hardly had he arrived home或He had hardly arrived home【解析】本题的考点在于固定搭配。句意为“他刚到家就开始下雨了。”由于后半句由when代起，前半句应出现hardly,构成固定搭配hardly.when.，且根据此固定搭配的使用要求，前半句的时态应为过去完成时。本题由两种可能的答案，若以hardly开头，句子需要倒装，以he开头则保持正常语序。11.【答案】the thief would not have got in【解析】本题考查考生对虚拟语气的掌握。句子由if引导，表示对过去情况的虚拟，从句时态为过去完成时，主句应使用would加have done的结构。12.【答案】meeting you for the first time【解析】本题主要考查核心动词词组。动词forget之后可加不定式或动名词构成动词词组，forget to do意为“忘记做某事”，其中do所表示的动作时没做或没发生的；而forget doing表示“忘记做过某事”，doing所反映的动作为做了或已经发生了的。本句表达的意思是“我从未忘记第一次和你的见面。”很明显，“见面”为已经发生的事，故meet应以动名词的形式出现。13.【答案】holding a big paper box【解析】本题的考点为语法，考查分词的使用。通过中文提示及分析句子结构可知，需要翻译的部分并非句子的谓语和宾语而是表示伴随的状况。应注意，因为room之后出现了逗号，本题不可用with结构而应使用分词。又因Mary是“抱着”的逻辑主语，应选动词hold的现在分词形式holding。14.【答案】tore the envelope open【解析】本题的考点在于核心动词。表达“撕开”之意应选择动词tear，tear是规则动词,过去式为tore。本题另一个易错之处在于选择表示“开”的词。由句意可知，“开”指的是信封的状态而不是对动词“撕”的修饰，故应用形容词。15.【答案】Ill have it fixed tomorrow.或Im going to have it fixed tomorrow.【解析】本题的考点在于固定搭配。have.done与do sth的区别在于前者意为“让别人做某事”。本题需要表达让别人修理洗衣机，故应为have it repaired。16.【答案】which might damage our health【解析】本题的考点在于语法，主要考查对从句的使用。由于空格前出现了逗号，空格部分应补出从句而而非一个完整的句子。由句意可知，逗号之前出现的it指的是water，而对健康有害的东西正是water,故因翻译出一个以it为先行词的非限定性定语从句。17.【答案】The letter will have been finished【解析】本题的考点为语法，主要考查时态和语态。根据中文提示不难判断出需要翻译的部分应使用被动语态，而后半句出现了by the time you come back,表达的是将来的某个时间，因此前半句的时态应为表示将来的时态，又因句意为“已经写完”，故应选择将来完成时。18.【答案】Although they are not rich【解析】本题考点在于语法。“尽管”之意出现在句首，故最好选择用although表达。需要注意的是空格部分应为从句，需要根据语法要求补充出从句的主语they，这个部分在中文中没有体现出来，所以是常见的出错点。19.【答案】I used to go to the cinema a lot【解析】本题的考点在于固定搭配。有几个看起来相似的词组是常考的考点，即used to do, be used to do和be used to doing。used to do意为“过去常常”，be used to do是被动语态的体现，意为“被用于”而be used to doing意思是“习惯”。本题应选用used to do这一固定搭配。另一需要注意的考点是“看电影”的说法，习惯上看电影并不直译为see films或see movies而用go to the cinema来表达。20.【答案】it easier for the children to understand the words【解析】本题考点在于固定句型。It is.for sb to do.意为“对某人而言做某事是的”，而本题空格部分是整句的宾语从句，根据句型相应补入需要的词即可。21.【答案】Since you are leaving tomorrow或Since you will leave tomorrow【解析】本题的考点在于核心词的使用。表达“既然”之意应使用since，此外还需注意，“既然你们明天才走”描述的是事实而非假设的情况，因此无需使用虚拟语气。22.【答案】but his health is in poor condition now或but he is not in good health now【解析】本题的考点在于固定搭配及核心词的使用。在表达健康状况时，中英文存在语言差异，中文可以有“他的健康很好”这样的说法，而英文不可说His health is good.故本题易错译为but his health is not good now或his health is poor now.正确的做法应使用固定搭配in condition,意为“处于的状况或状态”或使用习惯说法be in good health。23.【答案】The destruction brought by the earthquake was so serious或So great was the destruction brought by the earthquake【解析】本题的考点在于语法及固定搭配。联系中文提示及空格后出现的that不难看出，本句需要用so.that.表示“如此以致于”。本题有两种正确答案，若以so开头则句子需要倒装，若以the destruction开头则保留正常语序。另外还需注意，“地震的破坏”不可翻译为所有格，而应根据意思表达为“地震带来的破坏”。24.【答案】who is famous for his/her splendid speeches或known for his/her splendid speeches【解析】本题的主要考点在于语法。通过分析句子结构可知，本句主语为the speaker，谓语部分为was warmly received，需要翻译出的部分是对主语情况的补充说明。由此可看出，空格部分可以是以句子主语为先行词的定语从句也可以是用分词来表示修饰的结构。故本题有两种可能性，可译为从句或分词结构。25.【答案】you will have seen the most historic parts of London【解析】本题的考点为语法，考查考生对时态的判断。By the time you get to Greenwich表示的是将来的时间，而根据中文提示可知，需要译出的部分应使用将来完成时，故谓语部分应为will have seen。26.【答案】The day is not far away when【解析】本题的考点在于语法，要求考生体现对从句的掌握。由句子结构可知，本句的主干为the day is not far away,而已经给出的英文部分是一个时间从句，指的是句子的主语the day,因此空格部分应译为The day is not far away when，考生应注意不能忽略了从句的引导词when。27.【答案】Never before have I seen anyone或I have never seen anyone【解析】本题的考点在于语法。完整的句子意思是“在修车方面我从未见过谁有约翰那样高明的技术。”可见已经给出的英文部分是一个定语从句，其先行词为“任何人”。本题有两种可能的答案，比较简单和直观的是正常语序的I have never seen anyone。但也可将never置于句首，后接一个倒装结构，即Never before have I seen anyone。28.【答案】to have been completed【解析】本题的考点在于语法。由句意可知，需要翻译的部分应使用过去将来时，但应为空格前已经出现了be动词was,所以“完成”之意不可能表达为would be completed，只能考虑用不定式表将来。联系句意，最好把“完成”译为完成时的被动语态，故答案为to have been completed。29.【答案】despite his friends attempt to persuade him not to或though his friend persuaded him not to【解析】本题的考点在于核心词。表达“劝说”之意可用比较基础的动词词组persuade.to do，而“尽管”可以选择though/although或despite。需要特别注意的是though或althou