14特殊句型

精品文档特殊句型诊断测试1.（2010陕西，17）John opened the door. There _ he had never seen before.A. a girl did stand B. a girl stoodC. did a girl stand D. stood a girl2.（2010江西，33）Not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.A. did he begin B. had he begunC. he began D. he had begun3. (2010 安徽，27) It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.A. where B. that C. when D. which4. (2010 重庆，33)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _, one of the ten largest cities in China.A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing liesC. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie5.（2010 湖南，25）Johns success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work _has made him what he is today.A. why B. when C. which D. that6. (2009全国 I，31) The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only _, but students became more interested in the lessons.A. saved was teachers energy B. was teachers energy saved C.teachers energy was saved D.was saved teachers energy7.(2009 上海，38) Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _.A. fleeing the thief B. was fleeing the thiefC.the thief was fleeing D. fled the thief8.(2009重庆，33) Unsatisfied _ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.A. though was he B. though he wasC. he was though D. was he though9.(2009 江苏，33) Whats the matter with Della?- Well, her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party, but she still _.A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for10. (2008 陕西，7) Not until the motorbike looked almost new _ repairing and cleaning it.A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop知识精讲特殊句型是英语中很重要的、需要认真学习的句子，熟练地掌握和应用能够使自己的英语水平得到很大的提高。高考试题中对于特殊句型主要从下面几种情况进行考查：倒装（Inversion）、省略（Ellipsis）、强调（Emphasis）、独立主格结构等。考点一 倒装英语中的倒装句分为两种：一种是完全倒装，另外一种是部分倒装。1. 完全倒装句在英语中，把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句，称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种：（1） 若把out, in, down, up, away, here, now, then, there 等副词置于句首时，用完全倒装句，例如：Out rushed the children. 孩子们跑了出来。There lies a beautiful small town at the foot of Mount Li.在骊山脚下有一座美丽的小城。Here comes my lists of “dos” and “donts”.下面是我的行为准则。Down came stout Santa in a single bound.胖胖的圣诞老人轻轻一跃就下来了。（2） 若把表示地点状语的介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。例如：Out of the classroom ran the pupils.学生们跑出了教室。From the valley came a frightening sound.一个吓人的声音从山谷传来。（3） 若把做表语的形容词、过去分词、不定式或介词短语置于句首时，用完全倒装句。例如：Present at the meeting were experts on AIDS.出席会议的是艾滋病方面的专家。Buried in the sands was an ancient village.一个古老的村庄被埋在沙土之中。To be carefully considered are the following questions.下列问题要仔细考虑。Among these people was his friend Jim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。Hanging on the wall are two painting by Qi Baishi.墙上挂的是两张齐白石的画。2部分倒装句在英语中，把助动词、情态动词或系动词be移到主语之前称为部分倒装句。常见的部分倒装句有以下几种：（1） 当so/neither/nor位于句首时，可将其后与前面重复的谓语部分置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。例如：She has been to New York and so have I.她去过纽约，我也去过。-Liu Jia cant answer the question.刘佳回答不上来这个问题。-Neither/Nor can Peter. 彼得也回答不上来。（2） only 修饰状语时的部分倒装“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子的主语和谓语或主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装。例如：Only in this way can you solve this problem.只有用这种方法你才可以解决这个问题。Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。Only when you have seen what he or she does can you cover a story by yourself.只有当你见习了他们的工作时，你才能够独自去进行新闻采访。（3） 表示否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时的部分倒转。此类副词或连词主要有not, little, hardly, never, no sooner than., hardly/scarcelywhen, not onlybut also, at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case, in no event, nowhere, seldom等。例如：Seldom do I go to work by bus.我很少乘公共汽车上班。Never will he forget his first time to take a plane.他将永远不会忘记第一次坐飞机。Hardly had we finished our dinner when the electricity was cut off.我们刚吃完晚饭就停电了。No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.我刚到家就下起了雨。真题链接（2010 上海春，27）Never _ Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute.A. did we thinkB. have we thoughtC. we thoughtD. we have thought解析：A 句意：我们绝对没想到利萨会来，但她却在紧要关头出现了。否定词never 置于句首时，要用助动词倒装；而且，根据but she turned up可以确定用一般过去时，故选A。（4） 在含有had/were/should的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if,将had/were/should放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。例如：Had Mark invited me, I would have been glad to come.要是马克邀请我的话，我会很愿意去的。Were I you, I would take up art.如果我是你，我就会选修艺术。Should Mary call, say that Ill be back in an hour.如果玛丽来电话，就说我一个小时后回来。（5） 在sothat句式中，如果so引导的部分前置，主句中的主语和谓语需要用部分倒装。例如：So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.他开车如此粗心，以致差点把自己害死了。So absorbed was he in the novel that he did not notice his father at the door.他沉浸在小说中，以致于没注意到他父亲在门口。（6） as引导让步状语从句时不可置于句首，应把作表语的形容词、名词、动词和副词提到as的前边。例如：Child though/as he was, he was able to stand on his own feet.尽管他是孩子，但他已经能够独立生活了。Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam.尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。Much as I would like to see you, Im afraid you may find it inconvenient to come in this hot weather.尽管我非常想见到你，但恐怕在这样热的天气里去会不方便。考点二 省略人们在交流时，尤其在口语中，常把一个或几个句子成分省略掉，这种现象叫省略。英语中的省略有下面几种情况：简单句的省略（1） 陈述句中的省略 情景省略根据说话的情景而不是通过上下文省略某些词语，这种情况在日常交际用语中大量存在。例如：（There is）No problem. 没问题。（Do you）Mind if I sit down?我坐这儿你不介意吧？ 应答语省略在应答语中，常可根据问句内容省略某些词语。例如：-Oh, really?So have I. Which language are you studying?哦，真的吗？我也是。你学哪种语言？-（Im studying）Chinese.汉语。真题链接（2005 湖北，34）-Father, you promised!-Well, _. But it was you who didnt keep your word first.A. so was I B. so did I C. so I was D. so I did解析：D “so +主语+助动词”结构表“确实如此”。上句动词是promised，故助动词用did. 结构省略根据惯常语法结构省略某些词语。例如：Ive lived here (for) ten years.我已在这里住了10年了。Two weeks (from) now is New Years Day.从现在起再过两周就是元旦了。Today I met her at the tailors.(shop).今天我在裁缝店碰见她了。（2） 疑问句中的省略在疑问句中有时根据语境可以省略主语、谓语、主语+助动词/系动词be、主语+谓语等。例如：（Have you ）Been here before?以前来过这里吗？（I beg your）Pardon?再说一遍好吗？Who (comes) next? 该谁了？（3） 祈使句中的省略祈使句中也可省略某些词语。例如：（Be）Quick!快！（Wait）Just a moment! 稍等一会儿！（Pay）Attention, please!请注意！（4） 感叹句中的省略感叹句中也会出现省略某些词语的现象。例如：（Thats）Excellent!好极了！What a lovely autumn day ( it is)!多么美好的秋天啊！How amazing (it is)!多么令人惊奇啊！并列句的省略在并列句中，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分，常可省略，以避免重复。（1） 省略谓语动词They learn French and we (learn) English.他们学习法语，我们学习英语。John won the first race and Jimmy (won) the second.约翰赢了第一场赛跑，吉米赢了第二场。（2） 省略宾语My father planned (all these houses) and they built all these houses.所有这些房屋都是由我爸爸设计而由他们来建造的。（3） 省略“主语+系动词”Coral is not a plant but (coral is) a variety of animal life.珊瑚不是植物，而是一种动物。Many players believe table tennis is not only a physical game but (table tennis is) a psychological game as well.许多选手认为，乒乓球不仅是体力竞赛，也是心理较量。（4） 省略“主语+谓语动词”She tried to persuade her husband to give up smoking, but (she tried) in vain.她试图说服她丈夫戒烟，但是她徒劳了。（5） 省略“系动词+表语”John was the winner in 2005, and Bob (was the winner) in 2006.约翰是2005年的获胜者，鲍勃是2006年的获胜者。（6） 省略“谓语动词+宾语”I will buy a new care, and he will ( buy a new car), too.我将买一辆新汽车，他也会买。（7） 省略“主语+谓语+宾语”South Korea has increased trade with China and (it has increased trade) with other East-Asian countries, too.韩国已增加同中国的贸易，同时也增加了与东亚其他国家的贸易往来。复合句的省略（1） 宾语从句中的省略 在which, when,where, how 和why引导的宾语从句中，常可省略与主句相同的部分，仅保留一个连词。例如：She cant come, but I dont know why (she cant come).她不能来，但我不知道为什么她不能来。She will go to Paris, but I dont know when (she will go to Paris).她将去巴黎，但我不知道她何时去。 在对话中，答语有时是一个包含宾语从句的句子，但从句常常省略。例如：-Will it rain tonight?今晚会下雨吗？-I hope (it will) not (rain tonight).我希望不会下。-Is Mr.King in his office?金先生在办公室吗？-Sorry, I dont know (whether he is his office or not).抱歉，我不知道。（2） 定语从句中的省略定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词。例如：She is the one (whom) we saw the other day.她就是前几天我们见到的那个人。Her work changed the way (that) people think about chimps.她的工作改变了人们对猩猩的看法。（3） 状语从句中的省略 在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件等状语从句中，如果谓语部分有be动词，主语又和主语的主语一致，常把从句中的主语和be 动词省略。例如：While (you are) cycling, dont forget the traffic lights.骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。真题链接（2008 福建，30）-Who should be responsible for the accident?- The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _.A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told解析：A as told 是状语从句as they were told 的省略。状语从句的主语和主语主语为同一人或物时，状语从句的主语和be 动词可以一起省略。 在以than或as 引导的状语从句中，一些成分常可省略。例如：There is more salt in it than (there is ) sugar ( in it).那里面的盐比糖多。Youd like it as soon as (it is) possible.你会尽快喜欢上它的。 在时间、地点、条件状语从句中常省略it is.常见的有wherever possible, where necessary, where possible, if necessary等。例如：Whenever (it is) possible, he will come to help me.他一有可能就来帮助我。考点三 强调强调是一种修辞效果，为了对一定语境下的部分内容进行突出强调而采用的一种手段。It is / was that 强调句型运用这种句型可以强调句子的主语、状语和宾语等，一般不能用来强调谓语动词、表语、补足语等。（1） 构成这种结构由“It is/was+被强调部分+that+剩余部分”构成。例如：Jane has been living in London since she left China.简自离开中国以来一直住在伦敦。It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.(对主语Jane进行强调)It is in London that Jane has been living since she left China.(对地点状语in London进行强调)It is since she left China that Jane has been living in London.（对时间状语从句since she left China 进行强调）It was the ship that brought you to England.是船把你带到英国来的。It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong Rive.首先是我的姐姐想到骑车沿湄公河这个主意的。真题链接（2010 上海春，36）It was by making great efforts _ she caught up with other students.A. how B. when C. what D. that解析：D 句意：是付出了极大的努力她才赶上其他同学的。根据句意可知，这是一个强调句：It is/was +被强调部分+ that/who +原句剩余部分，原句为：She caught up with other students by making great efforts. 故选D。（2） 时态的运用强调句中的时态要依原句的时态而定，即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调句中的be就用过去时，原句为现在的某种时态，强调句中就用be的现在时态。例如：It is jazz that I hate most.我最不喜欢的就是爵士乐。（is 与 hate时态保持一致）It was because I was stuck in the traffic jam that I came late.正是因为我被困在交通堵塞中才来晚的。(was与came时态保持一致)（3） 人称和数的运用被强调的部分如若是句子的主语，that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。例如：It is I who am to blame for the fault.正是我应该因这个过失而受责备。It is you who are likely to win the contest.可能赢得这次竞赛的正是你。It was Jack who was going to see you.正是杰克要见你。（4） 对not until句式的强调对notuntil句式进行强调时应将not置于被强调部分里面。例如：It was not until the 1920s that pompons began to play an important part in cheerleading.直到20世纪20年代，彩线球才在拉拉队员的表演中发挥重要作用。It was not until you pointed it out to me that I realized my mistake.直到你给我指出错误，我才意识到。（5） 强调句式的疑问形式一般疑问句的强调句式是“Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who/whom+从句”；特殊疑问句的强调句式是“特殊疑问词（疑问代词或问副词）+is/was + it that + 陈述句语序”。例如：Was it Sally that phoned just now?刚才打电话的正是莎丽吗？Who was it that phoned just now? 刚才打电话的究竟是谁？When was it that you lost your luggage?你究竟什么时候丢的行李？注意：强调句型与其他从句的区别。一般说来，如果把句子中的It is/wasthat去掉，稍加调整语序，能还原成完整的句子，并且句子意思依然完整，在为强调句型。例如：It is a fact that he was lost the game by one score.事实是他以一分之差输掉了这一局。（同位语从句，that从句解释说明fact的内容，that在同位语从句中不作任何成分。）It is the fact that has made us unhappy.正是事实使我们很不高兴。（强调句型，that并不是解释说明fact的内容，而是引出所要突出的信息。）其他类型的强调（1） 使用助动词强调谓语“助动词do/does/did + 动词原形”可用来表示强调。例如：As you can see, I did escape.如你所见，我的确得救了。Maria, do tell us a little about the Venice Film Festival.玛利亚一定要给我们讲一点关于威尼斯电影节的事。（2） 使用very强调名词形容词very与the，this或my, your等连用，以加强语气。例如:This is the very book that Im looking for.这正是我在找的书。Those were her very words.那些都是她的原话。（3） 使用介词短语加强语气In the world, on earth, at all等介词短语可用来加强语气。通常用于疑问句，at all还可以用于否定句。例如：What on earth can I talk about?我究竟该说些什么？（4） 使用重复加以强调They walked for miles and miles.他们走了好多英里。There!There！Whos hurting you, you silly girl?好啦好啦，谁伤害你了，傻姑娘。考点四 独立主格结构独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构，独立主格结构主要分为两种，一种为“逻辑主语+非谓语动词结构”，一种为“with/without + 复合宾语”结构。1.“逻辑主语+非谓语动词”结构，逻辑主语一般由名词或代词充当。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。（1）不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，偶尔做条件状语。例如： Lots of work to do, I have to work extra hours. ( As/Because I have lots of work to do )由于有很多活要做，我只得加班工作。 真题链接 I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed解析：C 句意：今天我先给你寄100美元，其余的钱一年内陆续寄过去。句中the rest 和 to follow之间构成独立主格结构，不定式表示主动和将来。（2）现在分词构成的独立主格结构现在分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语；如果现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应在v-ing形式前加上逻辑主语，这便构成了现在分词的独立主格结构。一般在句中常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和方式状语。例如：All the students having sat down, the lecture began. (=After all the students had sat down)所有学生坐好后，讲座开始了。（时间状语）His hand waving in the air, the little boy ran away. (=As his hand was waving in the air)小男孩的手在空中摇晃着跑开了。（伴随状语）The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. (=As the guide led the way)向导领着路，我们毫不费劲的走出了森林。（原因状语）Time permitting, we will answer your question after the discussion. (=If time permits)如果时间允许的话，我们讨论之后会回答你的问题。（条件状语）（3）过去分词构成的独立主格结构过去分的独立主格结构是“逻辑主语+过去分词”，在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语等。例如：The test finished, well have our summer vacation.(=After the test has been finished)考试结束后，我们将开始暑假了。（时间状语）Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.吉姆专心致志的听着讲座，所有的注意力全用在上面了。（伴随状语）The book written in simple English, it will be more popular. (=If the book is written in simple English)如果这本书用简易英语写的话，将会更流行。（条件状语）Many funny pictures included in this book, a great many children love reading it. (=Because many funny pictures are included in this book)这本书包含了很多滑稽的图片，所以很多孩子喜欢阅读。（原因状语）注意：“名词/代词+非谓语动词”构成的独立主格结构中，运用不定式、现在分词和过去分词意义是不同的。不定式往往表示没有发生或即将发生的动作或状态，现在分词表示正在进行的动作或状态，过去分词往往表示已经完成的行为。例如：So much work to do, I will have to work this Sunday.有这么多活要做，这个星期我不得不加班。So much work done, I had a nice holiday.这么多的工作做完了，我过了一个愉快的假期。So much work being done, I cant spare any minute.我正在做这么多的活，一分钟也腾不出来。2.”with/without +复合宾语”结构”with/without +复合宾语”结构在句中常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。这种结构主要有如下几种情况：（1）with/without+名词/代词+形容词With the door open, the noise of the machine is almost deafening.由于门开着，机器的噪音几乎震耳欲聋。（原因状语）I prefer to read with music on.我乐意开着音乐读书。（伴随状语）（2）with/without+名词/代词+副词With her sisiter out, she had to stay at home alone.因为她姐姐出去了，她只得待在家里。（原因状语）The little boy sat in front of the house, with his shoes off.这个小男孩站在房子前面，没有穿鞋。（伴随状语）（3）with/without+名词/代词+介词短语With so much information on the Internet, it really takes time to search for what we need.因特网上有这么多信息，需要花时间寻找我们需要的信息。（原因状语）The old man, with thick glasses on his nose, is a pianist.这位戴深度眼镜的老人是一位钢琴家。（定语）（4）with/without+名词/代词+不定式With the boy to lead the way, we will find the cave easily tomorrow.如果有小孩带路，我们明天会容易的找到山洞的。（条件状语）With so much work to do, I cannot spare a minute.有这么多活要做，我一分钟也抽不出来。（原因状语）（5）with/without+名词/代词+现在分词Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.没有人注意，我偷偷地溜进了屋子。（伴随状语）With so many children talking and laughing, I couldnt settle down to my work.这么多孩子又说又笑，我不能沉下心来工作。（原因状语）（6）with/without+名词/代词+过去分词The boy was crying with the toy broken.玩具坏了，那男孩在哭。（原因状语）You should go to sleep with the light turned off.你应该把灯熄了再睡。（伴随状语）强化训练根据要求，改写句子：1. Because English is being widely used at present, we learn it hard.(改为强调句)_ English is being widely used at present _ we learn it hard.2. His leg was hurt so seriously in the car accident that he was sent to hospital at once. (改为倒装句)So seriously _ that he was sent to hospital at once.3. Why do not you stay a bit longer? Its been such fun having you. (改为祈使句)_. Its been such fun having you.4. What man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. (改为强调句)_ what man must fear when traveling in space.5. Our team wearing blue suits walk behind the coach. (改为倒装句)_ our team wearing blue suits.6. Dont blame Harry. I opened the letter. (改为强调句)Dont blame Harry. It was _ opened the letter.7. The police arrived. The fire brigade came, too. (改为倒装句)_ the police _, but also the fire brigade came.8. If you go straight on, you will see a cinema on your right. (改为祈使句)_ and you will see a cinema on your right.9. As it is cold and windy, we have to put off the sports meet. (改为独立主格)_, we have to put off the sports meet.10. When the match was over, the spectators turned out into the streets. (改为独立主格结构)_, the spectators turned out into the streets.11. If my health permits, I will stick to my post. (改为独立主格结构)_, I will stick to my post.12. I read the story and tears came to my eyes. (改为独立主格结构)I read the story, _.13. As there were no chances for me, I had to try my luck in another city. (改为独立主格结构)_, I had to try my luck in another city.14. If the boy guides us tomorrow, well have no trouble getting out of the desert. (改为独立主格结构)_, well have no trouble getting out of the desert. 15. Because the plan had been well made, everything worked out perfectly. (改为独立主格结构)_, everything worked out perfectly.经典真题1.（2010四川，9）We laugh at jokes, but seldom _ about how they work.A. we think B. think we C. we do think D. do we think2.（2010四川，19）If you have a job, _ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.A. do devote B. dont devote C. devoting D. not devoting3.（2010全国II，11）Though _ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surprising B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised4.（2009福建，25）For a moment nothing happened. Then _ all shouting together.A. voices had come B. came voices C. voices would come D. did voices come5.（2009四川，16）Not until I came home last night _ to bed.A. Mum did go B. did Mum go C. w