ed形容词.doc

-ED分词即我们平常所说的动词过去分词。它有两种形式：规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。规则动词形式由规则动词-ED构成；不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。在语法功能上，它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，可以作表语，定语，状语，也可以用在复合结构中，不管它作什么成分，其最基本的含义是“被动”的。-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。I -ED分词的用法一、-ED分词作表语The glass is broken. / He was amused. / She seemed quite disappointed. / He is greatly discouraged by her refusal of inviting her to the party. / The window remains locked.已经形容词化了的-ED分词大都作表语，常见的有：accomplished, amazed, amused, astonished, broken, closed, completed, complicated, confused, crowded, deserted, devoted, disappointed, discouraged, dressed, drunk, exhausted, excited, experienced, fadded, fascinated, frightened, hurt, inexperienced, interested, known, learned, lost, married, pleased, puzzled, qualified, satisfied, surprised, tired, unprepared, unqualified, unkown, upset, worried, wounded等。二、作定语的-ED分词-ED分词可以作前置定语也可以作后置定语，作后置定语时相当于一个定语从句1) Commercial banks make most of their income from interest on loans and investments in stocks and bonds.A earnB earnedC to earnD was earned2) On his return from his college, he found the house .A desertingB desertedC desertD to be deserted3) The age A of a geological sample can be estimated B from the ratio of radioactive to nonradioactive carbon present C in the object is examined D .三、用作状语的-ED分词这样的-ED分词通常来自及物动词。-ED分词用作状语时，跟-ING分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等。-ED分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when,while,if,as if,though。这时，我们可以把-ED分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。1. 表示时间4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4， 1901， focused on domestic rather than oreign policies.A William McKinleys new term looked forward to andB the new term looked forward to William McKinley andC looking forward to a new term was William McKinleyD William McKinley looked forward to a new term2. 表示条件5) under a microscope，a fresh snowflake has a delicate sixpointed shape.A SeenB SeesC SeeingD To see6) to steel，chromium(铬) increases the metals hardness.A AddedB In additionC AddingD Adds7) enough food and water, they could have beaten the enemy.A Being givenB GivenC GiveD To give3. 表示原因8) Encouraged by his mother， .A art was studied in Florence by John Singer SargentB Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied artC the study of art in Florence by John Singer SargentD John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.9) by the decision， the lawyer quickly left the court room.A AngeringB Having angeredC Being angryD Angered10) Written in great haste, .A Jim made a lot of mistakes in the reportB there are plenty of errors in the reportC we found several mistakes in his reportD the books is full of errors.4. 表示伴随状况：-ED分词结构作状语表示伴随状况时，没有适当的分句可替换11) was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later，in 1834.A Settling Brooklyn，the DutchB The Dutch settled BrooklynC Brooklyn was settled by the DutchD Settled by the Dutch，Brooklyn12) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely to the outside world.A being lostB having lostC losingD lost5. 表示让步13) Francis Preston Blair，Jr.， born in Kentucky，lived and practiced law inissouri.A wasB he wasC althoughD who he was6. 表示结果14) in all parts of the state， pines are the most common trees in Georgia.A FoundB Finding themC To find themD They are found7. 表示目的15) They should be kept here this matter.A informing aboutB be informedC be informed ofD informed of8. 表示背景和衬托16) Known for her caricatures(漫画) of the United States society， .A Peggy Brown wrote and illustrated books for childrenB the writing and illustrating of books for children by Peggy BrownC childrens books were written and illustrated by Peggy BrownD Peggy Browns writing and illustrating of childrens books17) Well known as a splendid pianist in Boston， .A we all are pleased to hear Mr. Andersons concerto(小协奏曲)B a concerto was composed by Mr. AndersonC Mr. Anderson composed a concertoD Mr. Andersons concerto was composed四、-ED分词在复合结构中Dont get your schedule changed; stay with us in this class. (83年考题)Peter had his gas and electricity turned on when he moved into his new apartment last month. (85年副题)He kept his mouth shut and stayed where he was.(他闭口不言，呆在原地不动。)They are talking about the experiment made in the new lab.五、独立结构如果-ED分词短语与-ING短语带有与句子主语不同的主语，即本短语自己本身带有主语，这就构成了独立结构(也叫独立主格结构或垂悬结构)，这种结构也可作状语表示时间，原因等。有时在独立结构前还可加介词with 或 without。Her eyes filled with tears, she did not notice his coming.18) This , we went out to play.A was doneB didC was dongD done19) all his followers dead, the commander was taken by his enemy.A ForB AsC Because ofD With六、例题解析1) B为正确答案。空档前是一完整的句子，在没有连词的情况下，不能填充A和D；根据题意，“利息”是“通过(被)挣来的”，有被动之意，所以选B。2) B为正确答案。此句的意思是“房子”被“遗弃，没人住”，是被动的意义，而A和C都不符合这一点。D是动词不定式，一般表示将来或具体动作，所以D也不对。3) D错。应去掉多余的“is”，使-ED分词“examined”作后置定语修饰“object”。C处并没有错。“present”是形容词，它与后面的成分构成形容词短语修饰限定前面的“the ratiocarbon”。4) D为正确答案。这句话前半句的-ED分词相当于一个时间状语从句“When he was inaugurated a second time ”，主句的主语应当是人，所以A和D为可能选项，但A中的look forward to后应跟名词，那么只有D为正确选项。5) A为正确答案。本句的意思是“在显微镜下看，雪花”，显然这里的看是“被观察”之义。B、C、D都表示主动，A为正确选项。6) A为正确答案。(同上)7) B为正确答案。(同上)8) D为正确答案。四个选项中，只有D的主语为“John Singer Sargent”(人名) ，而只有人才能被“encouraged”(鼓舞)，也就是说，只有D中的主语能充当空白前-ED分词短语的逻辑主语。9) D为正确答案。空白处只能用-ED分词才可和后面的“by”短语发生联系，并且其逻辑主语和主句主语一致。10) D为正确答案。本句的意思是“由于(被)写得急，”，所以A和C不对。虽然B中的主语“plenty of errors”与“written”逻辑上可以呼应，但与“in the great haste”不一致。 “Wri