19世纪末20世纪初的英国文学.ppt

HistoricalBackgroundLiteraryTendencies1 Realism2 TheIrishDramaticMovement3 Modernism PartIX 20thCenturyLiterature ThomasHardy 1840 1928 JohnGalsworthy 1867 1933 TheForsyteSaga AModernComedy WinneroftheNobelPrizeinLiterature1932 TheninenovelswhichmakeupTheForsyteChronicles oneofthemostpopularandenduringworksof20thcenturyliterature chronicletheebbingsocialpowerofthecommercialupper middleclassForsytefamilybetween1886and1920 Galsworthy smasterlynarrativeexaminesnotonlytheirfortunesbutalsothewiderdevelopmentswithinsociety particularlythechangingpositionofwomen TheauthorhasdrawnafascinatingandaccuratelydetailedpictureoftheBritishpropertiedclass TheForsyteChronicles OftenincorrectlycalledTheForsyteSaga theninenovelsequenceproperlyknownasTheForstyeChroniclescontainsthreetrilogiesThefirsttrilogyisTheForsyteSaga TheManofProperty InChancery ToLet Thesecondtrilogy AModernComedy TheWhiteMonkey TheSilverSpoon SwanSong Thethirdandconcludingtrilogy EndoftheChapter MaidinWaiting FloweringWilderness OneMoreRiver Thethreetrilogies JosephConrad1857 1924 Polish bornBritishnovelistnotedasamasterofatmosphereandnarrativetechnique HisworksincludeLordJim 1900 HeartofDarkness 1902 Nostromo 1904 GeorgeBernardShaw 1856 1950 UnpleasantPlays PleasantPlays followerofIbsenism andfamousfor ProblemPlays UnpleasantPlays Widower sHouses 1893 Mrs Warren sProfession 1898 PleasantPlays ArmsandtheMan 1894 HeartbreakHouse 1920 MajorBarbara 1905 JohnBull sOtherIsland 1904 ManandSuperman 1903 Pygmalion 1913 BacktoMethuselah 1921 St Joan 1929 TheAppleCart 1929 AsaTermModernisminEnglishPoetryT S EliotModernisminEnglishFiction1 HenryJames2 Conrad3 D H Lawrence4 JamesJoyce5 VirginiaWoolf Modernism Modernism ThetermModernismusuallyreferstotheearlypartofthe20thcentury sometimesbeginningwiththe1stWorldWarin1914 andcontinuingthroughthe1930sorso perhapsuptothe2ndWorldWar Modernismisdefinedbyitsrejectionoftheliteraryconventionsofthenineteenthcenturyandbyitsoppositiontoconventionalmorality taste traditions andeconomicvalues TheMostInfluentialModernists Someofthemostinfluentialmodernistwriterstriedsomeradicalexperimentswithform PoetslikePoundandEliotworkinginfreeverseNovelistslikeJoyce Woolf experimentingwithstreamofconsciousnessandelaboratelanguagegames ThreePhilosophicalBackgrounds Asopposedtohistoriccauses WWITheDepressionAmerica EuropefeelinglostKarlMarx马克思SigmundFreud弗洛伊德FriedrichWilhelmNietzsche尼采 KarlMarx Economicdeterminism 经济决定论认为一切社会 政治 文化和智力活动均为社会经济组织的产物 HumanbehaviorcontrolledbyforcesOUTSIDEself Classstruggle workersuniteforutopianchange SigmundFreud Psychoanalysis Psychologicaldeterminism ManbehaviorfromforcesINSIDEtheself Interiorforces man staboosandrulesgovernselfandworld Self analysis FriedrichWilhelmNietzsche GodisDead Economicandpsychologicaldeterminism Nodivinepatterns searchformeaning Tryingtoput world backintosomekindofform structure Spiritualruinsafterthewar whatisthemeaningoflife SocialPictureofthePeriod Riseofcities Dehumanization 非人性化 anonymity 匿名 不知姓名 ofpeople Classstructurechanging Advancingtechnology Politics revolutions wars Physics quantumphysics 量子物理学 Einstein uncertaintyprinciple Religion Godisdead everythingismeaningless Characteristics 1 Alienationfromsocietyandloneliness2 Procrastination 拖延 延宕 Aninabilitytoact3 Agonizedrecollectionofthepast constantflashbacksintothepast4 Fearofdeathandtheappearanceofdeath 5 Inabilitytofeelorexpresslove6 Worldasawasteland Poorenvironmentalportrayal7 Mancreatinghisownmythswithinhismindtofallbackupon Characteristics ImagisminPoetry ImagismwasanAnglo Americanpoeticmovementflouringinthe1910s Theprinciplesare touselanguageofcommonspeechtoemployalwaystheexactwordtocreatenewrhythmstopresentanimagetoproducepoetrythatishardandclear Wordsorphrasesoranyexpressionsthatcreatepicturesinthereader smindareimages Imagescanappealtosenses seeing hearing touch taste smellandmovement Image 意象 W B Yeats 1923NobelPrizewinningIrishdramatist authorandpoet T S Eliot TheWasteLand TheFourQuarters WhentheeveningisspreadoutagainsttheskyLikeapatientetherizeduponatable IhavemeasuredoutmylifewithcoffeespoonsTospitoutallthebutt endsofmydaysandways Notes 1 Etherize 以醚麻醉2 butt end 烟头 StreetsthatfollowlikeatediousargumentOfinsidiousintentToleadyoutoanoverwhelmingquestion Igrowold Igrowold IshallwearThebottomsofmytrousersrolled Insidious 狡猾的 危险的 Artforart ssake Asloganmeaningthatthebeautyofthefineartsisreasonenoughforpursuingthem thatartdoesnothavetoservepurposestakenfrompolitics religion economics andsoon SamuelTaylorColeridge EdgarAllanPoe andOscarWildearguedforthedoctrineofartforart ssake OscarWilde anaesthete 1854 1900 IrishpoetanddramatistwhosereputationrestsonhiscomicmasterpiecesLadyWindermere sFan 1892 andTheImportanceofBeingEarnest 1895 AmongWilde sotherbest knownworksarehisonlynovelThePictureofDorianGray 1891 andhisfairytalesespecially TheHappyPrince ListofHisWorks FictionThePictureofDorianGrayPlaysAnIdealHusbandTheImportanceofBeingEarnestShortStoriesTheDevotedFriendTheHappyPrinceTheNightingaleandtheRoseTheRemarkableRocketTheSelfishGiant EssaysTheCriticAsArtistDeProfundisTheDecayOfLying AnObservationPen Pencil AndPoison AStudyInGreenTheSoulOfManUnderSocialismTheTruthOfMasks aNoteOnIllusionPoetryApologiaMadonnaMiaOnTheMassacreOfTheChristiansInBulgariaTheGraveOfShelley Quotations Alittlesincerityisadangerousthing andagreatdealofitisabsolutelyfatal Amancanbehappywithanywomanaslongashedoesnotloveher Illusionisthefirstofallpleasures Morality likeart meansdrawingalinesomeplace Manisleasthimselfwhenhetalksinhisownperson Givehimamask andhewilltellyouthetruth Theaimoflifeisself development Torealizeone snatureperfectly thatiswhateachofusisherefor ThePsychologicalNovel Whilemodernistpoetryaroseasabreakwith19th centuryRomanticism modernistfictionrepresentedatrenddriftingawayfromthetraditionof19th centuryrealism Modernistfictionputemphasisonthedescriptionofthecharacters psychologicalactivities andsohassometimesbeencalledmodernpsychologicalfiction HenryJames 1843 1916 American bornwriter giftedwithtalentsinliterature psychology andphilosophy Jameswrote20novels 112stories 12playsandanumberofliterarycriticism FictionThePortraitofaLadyShortStoriesDaisyMiller D H Lawrence 1885 1930 TheWhitePeacock 1911 SonsandLovers 1913 TheRainbow 1915 WomeninLove 1921 ThePlumedSerpent 1926 LadyChatterley sLover 1928 The StreamofConsciousness SchoolofNovel The StreamofConsciousness isapsychologicaltermindicating theflux aflow continuousmovementandchange ofconsciousandsubconsciousthoughtsandimpressionsmovinginthemindatanygiventimeindependentlyoftheperson swill Inthe20thcentury undertheinfluenceofFreud stheoryofpsychologicalanalysis anumberofwritersadoptedthe stream of c