水利水电工程地质英语常用词汇.doc

水利水电工程地质常用词汇（汉英对照）1.地质年代 geological period22.岩性rock character221 第四系沉积物quaternary deposit222 沉积岩 sedimentary rock22.3变质岩 metamorphic rock32.4 火成岩 igneous rocks53.常见矿物 mineral64.颜色(Colour)75.岩石与岩体结构(Rock and rockmass structure)85.1岩石结构 Rock structure85.2岩体结构 Rock mass structure86.地质构造Geological structure86.1断层 (fault)96.2褶皱 (fold)96.3节理及夹层(joint and interbed)106.4结构面性状107.物理地质现象107.1风化、蚀变、卸荷107.2崩塌、滑坡117.3岩溶(karst)118水文地质118.1地下水类型1182渗流状态119岩体力学指标1291岩石力学参数1292土力学参数129.3岩体力学参数1210.建筑材料(construction material)1211. 试验(experiment)1312.水工设计(hydraulic design)1512.1设计阶段(design stage)1512.2水工建筑物(hydraulic structure)1513.地质图件和图表1713.1地质图件1713.2地质图表2014.其它2614.1地形、地貌2614.2 地震2714.3 地应力2714.4 边坡2914.5 基础2914.6 地下硐室3014.7 地质勘探3214.8 测量3314.9 施工34391.地质年代 geological period代（界） Era(erathem)新生代（界） cenozoic era (erathem)中生代（界） mesozoic era (erathem)古生代（界） palaeozoic era (erathem)元古代（界） proterozoic era (erathem)太古代（界）archaeozoic era (erathem)晚元古代（上元古亚纪） upper proterozoic subera (suberathem)中元古代（中元古亚纪） middle proterozoic subera (suberathem)早元古代（下元古亚纪） lower proterozoic subera (suberathem)纪（系） Period (system)第四纪（系） quaternary period (system)第三纪（系） tertiary period (system)晚第三纪（系） neogene period (system)早第三纪（系） neogene (paleogene) period (system)白垩纪（系）cretaceous period (system)朱罗纪（系） jurassic period (system)三叠纪（系） triassic period (system)二叠纪（系） permian period (system)石灰纪（系） carboniferous period (system)泥盆纪（系） devonian period (system)志留纪（系） silurian period (system)奥陶纪（系） ordovician period (system)寒武纪（系）combrain period (system)震旦纪（系） sinian period (system)世（统） epoch (series)全新世（统） holocene epoch (series)更新世（统）pleistocene epoch (series)上新世（统） pliocene epoch (series)中新世（统） miocene epoch (series)渐新世（统） oligocene epoch (series)始新世（统） eocene epoch (series)古新世（统） paleccene epoch (series)群Group阶（组）Formation2.岩性rock character21 第四系沉积物quaternary deposit堆积物 accumulation 冲积物 alluvium洪积物 diluvium坡积物 slope wash滑坡堆积物 slide sediments22 沉积岩 sedimentary rock漂石 erratic boulder孤石 lonestone块石 rock block卵石 pebble碎石 debris砾石 gravel砂 sand 粉土 silt砂壤土 sandy loam壤土 loam淤泥 mud粘土 clay填筑土 backfill砾岩 conglomerate砾砂岩 conglomeratic sandstone砾石层 gravel砾屑白云岩 dolorudite砾屑石灰岩 calcirudite砾屑岩 rudite(rudyte)砾质灰岩（粗粒状灰岩） rudstone砾质泥 gravelly sand 砾质片麻岩 psephite-gneiss砾质砂 gravelly sand砾质砂泥岩 yakatagite砾质岩 psephite砂岩 sandstone砂质角砾岩 sandy breccia砂质角岩 arenaceous hornfels砂质砾岩 sandy conglomerate砂质泥 sandy mud砂质泥灰岩 sandy marl 砂质粘土 sandy clay 砂质凝灰岩 psammite tuff砂质燧石 sandy chert砂质亚粘土 barra vermelho砂质岩 psammite石英砂岩 quartzose sandstone长石砂岩 feldspathic岩屑砂岩 lithite角砾岩 breccia粉砂岩 siltstone粘土岩 claystone（clay rock）粘土板岩 caly slate粘土化斑岩 claystone porphyry粘土泥灰岩 clay marl粘土页岩 clay shale粘土质粉砂 clayey silt粘土质角砾岩 clayey breccia 粘土质砂 clayey sand粘土质砂岩 clayey sandstone页岩 shale钙质页岩 calcareous shale铁质页岩 feruginous shale硅质页岩 silious shale炭质页岩 carbonaceous shale油页岩 kerogen shale( oil shale)灰岩、石灰岩 limestone鲕状灰岩 oolitic limestone粒状灰岩 granular limestone板状灰岩 platy limestone泥质灰岩 argillaceous limestone结晶灰岩 crystalline limestone致密灰岩 compact limestone生物碎屑灰岩 bioclastic limestone白云岩 dolomite白云质灰岩 dolomitic limestone白云石质大理岩 dolomitic marble 白云质角岩 dolomitic hornfels白云质泥灰岩 dolomitic-marl白云质泥岩 dolomitic mudstone白云石粘土质泥灰岩 dolomite-clay marl白云石片岩 dolomitic schist白云石砂岩 doloarenite 白云石碳酸岩 dolomite carbonatite白云石质砾岩 dolomitic marble泥灰岩 marl泥灰质粘土 marly clay泥灰质壤土 marlaceous loam泥灰质砂岩 marly sandstone2.3变质岩 metamorphic rock破碎角砾岩 catalastic breccia碎裂岩 cataclasite糜棱岩 mylonite千枚糜棱岩 phyllonite板岩 slate角斑岩 keratophyre角斑玢岩 keratophyrite千枚岩 phyllite片岩 schist云母片岩 mica schist滑石片岩 talc schist角闪石片岩 amphibole schist蓝闪石片岩 glaucophane schist绿岩（绿闪石片岩） noricite片麻岩 gneiss流纹片麻岩 rhyolite-gneiss大理岩 marble钙质白云石大理岩 calc-dolomite marble石英岩 quartzite变质砂岩 metasandstone变质长石砂岩 meta-arkose变质大理岩 metamarble变质辉长岩 metagabbro变质基性岩 metabasite变质角闪岩 metaamphibolite变质结晶岩 metaceystalline变质砾岩 metaconglomerate变质泥岩 metapelite变质片岩 metamorphic schist变质闪长岩 metadiorite变质石英岩 metaquartzite变质碎屑岩 metasedimentary变质碳酸盐岩metamorphic carbonate变质碳酸岩 metacarbonatite变质伟晶岩 metapegmatite变质细碧岩 metaspilite变质玄武岩 metabasalt变质英安岩 eodacite变质正长岩 metamorphic syenite变质粉砂岩 metamorphic siltstone角闪岩(斜长角闪岩) amphibolite角闪片岩 amphibolite-schist角闪安山岩 hungarite角闪玢岩 orbite角闪二辉麻粒岩 pyribolites角闪沸煌岩 giumarrite角闪钙长岩 matraite角闪橄榄岩 cortlandtite角闪硅酸岩 muglalite角闪花岗岩 pladorite角闪辉长岩 bojite角闪辉绿玢岩 proterobase porphyrite角闪辉绿岩 proterobase角闪辉霞岩 mestigmerite榴辉岩 eclogite榴辉橄榄岩 gordunite榴辉角闪岩 eclogite榴辉蓝晶岩 grospydite榴辉铁橄岩 eulysite辉石岩 pyroxenite(pyroxenolite)辉石安山岩 pyroxene andesite辉石粗面岩 pyroxene trachyte辉石二长岩 pyroxene monzonite辉石橄榄岩 pyroxene peridotite辉石黑云母花岗岩 pyroxene-biotite granite辉石黑云母闪长岩 pyroxene-biotite diorite辉石花岗岩 pyroxene granite辉石辉长岩 pyroxene gabbro辉石辉绿岩 pyroxene diabase辉石碱性正长岩 pyroxene alkali辉石角闪岩 pyroxene hornblendite辉石麻粒岩 pyroxene granulite辉石片麻岩 pyroxene gneiss辉石闪长岩 pypyroxene diorite辉石石英岩 pyroxene quartzite辉石伟晶岩 pyroxenite-pegmatite辉石细晶岩 pyroxene aplite辉石岩质蛇纹岩 pyroxeneite serpentine辉石英安岩 pyroxene dacite辉石正长岩 pyroxene syenite2.4 火成岩 igneous rocks橄榄岩 peridotite二辉橄榄岩 lherzolite辉石橄榄岩 pyroxene peridotite角闪橄榄岩 hudsonite橄榄辉长岩 olivine-gabbro石英辉长岩 quartz-gabbro正长辉长岩 orthoclase-gabbro , syenite gabbro, syenogabbro橄榄苏长岩 hyperite辉绿岩 diabase橄榄辉绿岩 olivine-diabase石英辉绿岩 quartz-diabase拉斑辉绿岩 devonite辉长玢岩 garrbo-porphyrite玄武岩 basalt拉斑玄武岩 tholeiite安山玄武岩 andesite basalt苦橄玄武岩 hillhouse basalt正长玄武岩 basalatite蓝方玄武岩 hauynite(hauyne-basalt)粗粒玄武岩 dolerite隐晶玄武岩 aphanitic basalt闪长岩 diorite石英闪长岩 quartz-diorite角闪闪长岩 hornblende diorite辉石闪长岩 augite-diorite, pyroxenediorite安山岩 andesite安山玄武岩 andesite basalt安山拉长岩 andesilabradorite安山斑岩 andesite-porphyry安山凝灰岩 andesite-tuff花岗岩 granite花岗闪长岩 granodiorite花岗闪长玢岩 coroovadite花岗闪长斑岩 granodiorite-porphyry花岗闪长细晶岩 granodiorite-aplite花岗闪长花斑岩 granodiorite-granophyre花岗片麻岩 granitic gneiss花岗斑岩 granite-porphyry流纹岩 rhyolite, liparite流纹安山岩 rhyoandesite流纹斑岩 liparophyre流纹玄武岩 rhyobasalt流纹英安岩 rhyodacite, dellenite,liparite-dacite英安岩 dacite, quartz andesite英安安山岩 dacite-andesite英安斑岩 dacite-porphyrite英安流纹岩 dacite-liparite正长岩 syenite, sinaite正长斑岩 syenite-porphyry, orthophyre, orthofelsite正长花岗岩 syengranite正长煌斑岩 syenite lamprophyre正长白云岩 krivoserite正长辉长岩 syenogabbro正长辉绿岩 orthobase正长流纹岩 kanzibite正长片麻岩 syenite gneiss正长片岩 syenite-schist正长闪长岩 syenodiorite, syenite diorite霞石正长岩 nepheline syenite霞石正长细晶岩 nepheline syenite-aplite霞石正长伟晶岩 nepheline syenite-pegmatite霞石安山岩 nepheline andesite霞石斑岩 nepheline-porphyry霞石粗安岩 tautirite霞石粗面岩 nepheline trachyte霞石二长岩 nepheline monzonite霞石辉长岩 nepheline gabbro霞石辉石岩nepheline-pyroxene rocks霞石闪长岩 nepheline diorite霞响岩 nephelinitoid phonolite霞石玄武岩 nepheline tachylite霞石岩 nephelinoith响岩 phonolite 响岩质粗面岩 phonolitic trachyte向霞岩 grazinite响质岩 phonolitoid响岩质粗面岩 phonolitic trachyte煌斑岩 lamprophyre煌斑花岗岩 lamprophyre-granite煌斑片岩 lamproschist煌斑正长岩 lamprosyenite云母煌斑岩 mica-lapmrophyre云煌岩 minette闪辉煌斑岩 garganite闪辉正煌岩 vogesite闪斜煌斑岩 spessartite细晶岩 aplite辉长细晶岩 beerbachite,gabbro-aplite闪长细晶岩 diorite-aplite斜长细晶岩 plagiaplite花岗细晶岩 granite-aplite辉长伟晶岩 gabbro-pegmatite花岗伟晶岩 granite- pegmatite正长伟晶岩 syenite-pegmatite火山角砾岩 volcanic breccia火山碎屑岩 pyroclastic rock凝灰岩 tuff 3.常见矿物 mineral 滑石 talc叶腊石 pyrophyllite蒙脱石 montmorillonite蛭石 vermiculite高岭石 kaolinitic 水云母 hydromica石墨 graphite硫 sulfur褐铁矿 limonite石膏 gypsum绿泥石 chlorite岩盐 halite海绿石 glauconite黑云母 biotite白云母 muscovite软锰矿 manganese dioxide铝土矿 bauxite蛇纹石 serpentine自然金 natural gold方解石 calcite硬石膏 anhydrite重晶石 barytes白云石 dolomite黄铜矿 chalcopyrite闪锌矿 blende文石 aragonite孔雀石 malachite菱镁矿 magnesite菱铁矿 siderite萤石 fluorite硅灰石 wollastonite磷灰石 apatite兰晶石 disthene普通角闪石 hornblende普通辉石 augite斜方辉石 orthopyroxene透辉石 diopside榍石 titanite蛋白石 opal钛铁矿 ilmenite霞石 nepheline透闪石 tremolite阳起石 actinolite白榴石 leucite磁铁矿 magnetite赤铁矿 hematite透长石 sinidine正长石 orthoclase斜长石 plagioclase黄铁矿 pyrite绿帘石 epidote绿泥石 chlorite符山石 egeran橄榄石 olivine石英 quartz锆石 zircon电气石 tourmaline红柱石 andalusite绿柱石 beryl堇青石 cordierite十字石 staurolite黄玉 topaz刚玉 corundum金刚石 diamond伊利石 illite glimmerton 4.颜色(Colour)粉红色pink橙红色salmon pink浅粉红色baby pink鲜粉红色shocking pink褐色, 茶色brown灰褐色beige红褐色, 赭石色chocolate 浅褐色sandy beige 驼色camel 琥珀色amber 卡其色khaki 褐红色maroon 绿色green 苔绿色moss green 鲜绿色emerald green 橄榄绿olive green 蓝色blue 土耳其玉色turquoise blue 钴蓝色, 艳蓝色cobalt blue 藏青色, 深蓝色, 天蓝色navy blue 蓝绿色aquamarine blue 红色red 绯红, 猩红scarlet 紫红mauve 葡萄酒红wine red 紫色purple, violet 淡紫色lavender 浅紫色lilac 古紫色antique violet 紫罗兰色pansy 白色white 灰白色off-white 象牙色ivory 雪白色snowy white 乳白色oyster white 灰色gray 炭灰色charcoal gray 烟灰色smoky gray 雾灰色misty gray 5.岩石与岩体结构(Rock and rockmass structure)5.1岩石结构 Rock structure斑状结构 porphyritic texture变余结构 palimpsest structure等粒结构 granulitic texture非均匀结构 heterogeneous texture辉绿结构 ophitic texture角砾结构 brecciated texture矿脉结构 vein texture粒状结构 granular texture流状结构 fluidal texture糜棱结构 mylonitic texture砂质结构 arenaceous texture粘土质结构 argillaceous texture微晶结构 microlitic texture显晶结构 phanerocrystalline texture5.2岩体结构 Rock mass structure散体结构Loose structure碎块状结构Fragmental block structure碎屑状结构Clastic structure碎裂结构Cataclastic structure镶嵌结构Interlocked structure片碎结构Sheet- Cataclastic structure块状结构massive structure次块状结构Submassive structure整体结构integral structure6.地质构造Geological structure板状构造 platy structure变形构造 deformation structure带状构造 banded structure单斜构造 uniclinal structure迭瓦构造 decken structure多孔构造 hiatal texture构造裂隙,压力裂缝,节理diaclase环带构造,带状构造zonal structure集合体构造aggregate structure结核状构造concretionary structure球状构造globular structure蠕状构造myrmekitic structure网状构造mesh structure杏仁状构造amygdaloidal structure眼状构造augen structure雁行构造,梯队构造echelon structure叶理构造foliation structure柱状构造columnar struture6.1断层 (fault)正断层,下落断层downthrown fault逆断层,上冲断层upthrown fault平移断层displacement fault,strike-slip fault背斜断层 anticlinal fault 挤压断层 compression fault 剪切断层 shear fault 共轭断层 conjugated faults 雁列断层 en echelon faults 地垒断层 horst fault 迭瓦断层 mbricate fault 逆掩断层,上冲断层overthrust fault张性断层 tension fault 深断层 abyssal fault 活断层 active fault可能活断层 capable fault断层擦痕fault striation断层破碎带Fractured zone角砾岩Breccia碎裂岩Cataclasite糜棱岩Mylonite断层泥Fault clay挤压片状岩Sliced rock透镜体Lens石英脉Quartz vein绿帘石脉Epidote vein铁锈,腐锈斑aerugo断层破碎带Fault fractured zone断层影响带Fault influenced zone节理密集带Joints dense zone层间挤压面（带）Crushed bedding plane (zone)断层影响带Fault nfluenced zone6.2褶皱 (fold)褶皱作用folding褶皱轴axis of the fold褶皱核foldkern 褶皱弧arc of folding褶皱带belt of folded strata弯曲褶皱(地层) buckled folding扭曲褶皱 contorted fold拖曳褶皱 drag fold闭合褶皱 closed fold直立褶皱 erect fold断层褶皱 fault fold向斜 syncline背斜 anticline复背斜 anticlinorium倒转背斜 overturned anticline倾伏背斜 plunging anticline背斜断层 anticlinal fault揉皱 crumple6.3节理及夹层(joint and interbed)节理joint羽状节理feder joint(feather joint) 羽状张节理pinnate tension joint羽状剪节理pinnate shear joint柱状节理columnar joint张性节理,受拉接缝tension joint张开节理open joint节理玫瑰图joint rosette裂隙Fissure裂隙充填物fissurae filling裂隙间距spacing of fissure裂隙孔隙率fissuration porocity裂隙密度closeness of fissures裂隙频数degree of fissure裂隙水,间隙水interstitial water微裂缝,微裂隙microfissure层面,顺层面,岩层面,层理,层理面bedding plane断层面fault plane 节理面joint plane 片理面schistosity plane 接合面combination plane 接触面contact plane 错动层面faulted bedding plane 不整合面plane of unconformity软弱面plane of weakness 破裂面plane of fracture滑面gliding plane 滑移平面,滑动平面slip plane夹层 intercalation泥化夹层 argillized seam软弱夹层 weak intercalated layers siltized 粘土夹层 clay course6.4结构面性状平直Gentle波动起伏fluctuation,rolling,wave光滑Smooth粗糙Rough7.物理地质现象7.1风化、蚀变、卸荷风化weathering风化带zone of weathering风化壳crust of weathering风化砂weathering sandstone风化程度weathering degree全风化completely weathered强风化highly weathered弱风化moderately weathered微风化slightly weathered新鲜fresh蚀变alteration物理蚀变 physical alteration化学蚀变 chemical alteration热液蚀变 hydrothermal alteration蚀变矿物 altered mineral蚀变火山岩 altered volcanic rocks卸荷relaxation岩石松弛relaxation of rock 应力松弛relaxation of stress 卸载岩石,消除应力的岩石relaxed rock 7.2崩塌、滑坡崩塌collapse滑坡landslide7.3岩溶(karst)岩溶地形 karst topography岩溶侵蚀基准 karst base level岩溶景观 karst landscape岩溶盆地 karst basin岩溶井 karst well岩溶水 karst water岩溶侵蚀 karst erosion8水文地质8.1地下水类型地下水,潜水 ground water地下水位,潜水位ground water level地下水排泄区 discharge area of ground water地下水位坡降gradient of water table孔隙潜水pore groundwater裂隙潜水fissure groundwater裂隙承压水fissure artesian groundwater82渗流状态渗流,渗漏 seepage渗流控制 seepage control渗流区 vadose region渗流速度 percolation velocity渗流压力 percolation pressure渗透性 permeability渗透系数 coefficient of permeability渗透流量 seepage discharge9岩体力学指标91岩石力学参数强度 strength抗压强度 compressive strength抗剪强度 shear strength抗拉强度 tensile strength抗弯强度,抗折强度 bending strength单轴抗压强度 uniaxial compressive strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tensile strength无侧限抗压强度 unconfined compressive strength无排水抗剪强度 undrained shear strength残余强度 residual strength长期强度 long term strength峰值(抗剪强度) peak value (of shearing strength)凝聚力,内聚力 cohesion围压强度 strength under peripheral pressure92土力学参数变形 deformation弹性变形 elastic deformation塑性变形 plastic deformation弹塑性变形 elastic-plastic deformation粘弹性变形 viscoelastic deformation粘滞塑性变形,粘塑性变性 visco-plastic deformation均匀变形homogeneous deformation不均匀变形nonaffine deformation不可恢复变形,永久变形 irreversible deformation屈服变形 yield deformation徐变变形,蠕变变形creep deformation渗透变形 seepage deformation9.3岩体力学参数弹性模量 elasticity modulus变形模量 deformation modulus剪切模量 shear modulus粘弹性模量 viscoelastic modulus压缩模量 modulus of compression10.建筑材料(construction material)天然骨料 natural aggregate人工骨料 artificial aggregate粗骨料 coarse aggregate细骨料 fine aggregate碱活性骨料alkali-reactive aggregate混凝土骨料 concrete aggregate人工砂 artificial sand掺和料 admixture配料 batching石料 rock material土料 earth material开挖料 excavation material渣料 rock spoil天然砂砾料 natural sand and gravel粉煤灰 fly ash碎石土 debrisc soil砾质土 gravelly soil粘性土 cohesive soil; clayey soil分散性土 dispersive soil分散性 dispersivity崩解性 disintegration(slaking)活动性指数 activity index细度模数 fineness modulus(FM)骨料级配 gradation间断级配 gap gradation连续级配 continuous gradation砂砾石 sand and gravel针状颗粒 needle-shaped particle片状颗粒 flake-shaped particle软弱颗粒 soft particle平均粒径 mean diameter比重 specific gravity天然密度 natural density干密度 dry density最大干密度 maximum drydensity最优含水量 optjmum water content天然休止角 nature angle of repose堆积密度 piling density紧密密度 compation density石料场 rock quarrying土料场 soil borrow area存料场 stockpile弃渣场 spoil area有用层 effective layer无用层 unavailable layer剥离层overburden stripping formation剥采比 stripping ratio剥离量 overburden amount开采 quarry运输 transportation质量 quality储量 reserve运距 haul distance水泥 cenment11. 试验(experiment)岩土现场测试 field investigation of soils and rocks土工原位测试 in-situ measurement of soils标准灌入试验 standard penetration test动力触探试验dynamic cone penetration test 静力触探试验 static cone penetration test 比灌入阻力 specific penetration resistanc旁压试验 pressuremeter test载荷试验 plate bearing test十字板剪切试验 vane shear test岩体原位测试 in-situ measurement of rocks三维应力测试 three-dimensional st