大学英语第一册语言点汇总.doc

Unit 1 Secrets of A Students Language Points1) perform Para. 2 vt/vi.A) do; accomplish; carry out. B) act, play, sing or do (tricks) before audience. e.g. When will the play be ed? The surgeon was ing a dangerous operation. performance n. carrying, acting out, playing music e.g. He is excellent in the of his duties. His of Hamlet was very good. performer n. the person who act, play, practice and carry outC perform ones job perform an experiment perform calculation perform an operation a good/bad performance perform a trick perform ones promise give two performances a day 2) high-achieving para. 3 adj. high-scoring/getting high marks C high-achieving students O underachieving adj . lower-scoring adj. 3) concentrate para. 4 vt/vi direct (attention ,efforts, etc) to a point of focus e.g. He d his energies on studying. The soldiers d outside the town for the attack. concentrated adj. assembled, intense, be absorbed in concentration n. getting involved in；people and soldiers assembling； e.g. He lacks . C concentrate ones attention on/upon/towards sth. concentrate ones efforts on/upon/ towards sth. concentrate ones thoughts on/upon/towards sth. concentrate the troops concentrated juice concentration camp S focus v. A) (on), (cause to) come together at a focus; adjust (an instrument, etc.)so that it is in focus B) on, concentratefocus on sth. focus ones anger on sth. focus ones attention/thoughts on a problem focus the lens of a microscope 4) Interruption n. break; disruption e.g. Numerous s have prevented me from finishing the work. I get too many s in my work. interrupt v. A) break the continuity of B) break in upon ( a persons action, speech, etc.) e.g. The war ed the flow of commerce between the two countries. Traffic was ed by floods. Those trees are growing so high that they the view. interrupter n. C an annoying interruption without interruptionservice interruption temporary interruption interruption of telephone communication5) ignore vt. Take no notice of; refuse to pay attention to para. 5 e.g. He d my advice. The driver d the traffic light. ignorance n. e.g. His failure resulted from his . Do you mean you were in complete of the fact? ignorant a. ill-informed, lacking in knowledge, silly ignorantly adv. e.g. Im about politics. I was (of the fact) that the boss could be so strict. C ignore something ignore somebody ignore personal danger be ignorant of / be in ignorance of something P Ignorance is bliss. 无知便是福。S disregard6) assign vt. 1) appoint to a job or duty 2) give out e.g. he father ed each of his sons a room. = The father ed a room to each of his sons. The teacher ed us a lot of homework. Please a date / place for the next meeting. I ed him to meet the visitors at the airport. assignment e.g. His is to inquire into the cause of the accident.C assignfor assign sb. a task assign sth. to sb. assign sb. to do sth. fulfil assignments hand out an assignment give an assignment 7) athlete n. someone who is good at or who often does sports C an all-round athlete a world-class athlete a professional athlete S sportsman/sportswoman, player athlete is a person who is skilled in bodily exercises and who competes in games that need strength and speed, such as running and jumping. sportsman/sportswoman is keen on, or good at, sports. player is a person who plays in a ballgame, often professionally. 8) memorize para. 6 ( -rize) vt/vi. learn and remember e.g. I want to this poem. memory n. C memorize sth. word by word from memory in memory ofif my memory serves me (correctly) to the best of ones memory to the memory ofwithin living memory 9) essential Para. 7 n. ( usu.pl.) something that is necessary or very important adj. (to, for) necessary; central C import essentials in essentials S necessary adj. 10) due adj. A) to be paid当付的；应付给的 B) (attrib only) suitable; right; proper C) (to be) expected or supposed (to happen, arrive, etc.) D) due to, that may be ascribed or attributed to e.g. The balance (to) us from you is $100. The bill is on June 1. This is the reward for your services. Her world-wide fame is to his support. His new novel is next month. C due for due in due to be due in at ten I give (a person) his due 公平待人；善待他人give the devil his due S due to owing to because of on account of11) deadline n. a date or time before which something must be done or completed C extend a deadline set the deadline meet a deadline miss a deadline12) schedule para. 8 vt. plan for a certain future time 安排；排定 n. a timetable for things to be done e.g. I have a full / heavy for tomorrow. The interview is ed for 10:00 a.m. tomorrow. He is ed to visit the U.S.A. next year. C lay out/map out/plan a schedule of games post the schedule of classes according to scheduleahead of schedule behind schedule on schedule be scheduled to doS timetable (Br.)13) irrelevant adj. not having any real connection with or relation to something else. irrelevance / irrelevancy n. irrelevantly adv. C be irrelevant to S unconnectedO relevant14) per prep. for eachC as per as per usual per capita per cent 90 per cent per day/week/year S each every15) content n. A) (pl.) a list in a book saying what the book contains B）the subject matter, esp. the ideas, of a book, speech, etc. v. make (a person or oneself) happy or satisfied adj. satisfied; happy e.g. She dropped her purse and the s fell out on the floor. I didnt understand the of her speech. Are you with your work? He was just to sit in front of the television all day. The baby ed himself with a new toy. C be content with be content to do to ones hearts content content sb /oneself with S n. list; v. satisfy; please; adj. satisfied; pleased16) retain para. 9 vt. keep (possession of); avoid losing e.g. They the old customs. Porcelain s heat very well. My grandmother s clear memories of her youth. C retain a clear memory of retain an appearance of youth retain ones interest in sth. retain ones balance S keep remain17) participate vi. to take part or have a share in an activity or event. e.g. Professionals cannot in the tournament. participation n. the act of taking part or having a share in an activity or event. ； C participate in participate of participate with sb. in sth. group participation full participation in the benefit direct participation in politicsS take part in join in18) intellectual adj. of intellect; n. a person who is well-informed and intelligent e.g. He is an person. C intellectual faculties intellectual work intellectual class intellectual pursuitsS adj. intelligent，clever , smart clever and smart mean someone is good in his or her brain and doesnt mean he or she knows a lot. intelligent means the ability of learning; intellectual implies the curiosity for studying something and having a deep understanding of something. e.g. A small child with a clever quick mind is intelligent but he can hardly be an intellectual.19) economics para. 11 n. the scientific study of the way in which wealth is produced and used.C farm economics supply-side economics world economics economy n. the system by which a countrys wealth is produced and used. economic adj. of economy economical adj. thriftC develop economy exercise economy national economy economic policy economic history economic bankruptcy an economical stove be economical of ones time20) graduate v. to obtain a degree at a university, esp. a first degree（ n. A）a person who has completed a university degree course, esp. for a first degree. B) a person who has completed a course at a college, school, etc. C）n./a. (of) a student who continues studying in college or at school after graduation e.g. He ed in law from Yale. Our university d 500 students last year. undergraduate n. C Oxford graduate high school graduate graduate assistantship graduate course graduate school graduate student postgraduate21) approach n. a manner or method of doing something or dealing with a problem vt. come near or nearer to someone or something in distance or time e.g. His work is ing perfection. All the es to the airport were blocked by the police. His method presents a new to foreign languages. C a novel approach approach manhood a rational approach approach a bank for a loan easy / difficult of approach S n. method way22) Learning how to make the most of ones abilities counts for much more. Paraphrase-Learning how to use ones abilities in the best way is much more important.23) Once the books are open, phone calls go unanswered, TV unwatched and newspapers unread. Paraphrase- If they begin to study, they wont answer phone calls, watch TV or read newspapers. They just concentrate on the books.24) I kept everything just where I could get my hands on it. Paraphrase-I kept everything just where I could get hold easily. Grammar Focus 1) “go+(un)p.p” In this pattern, past participles can be used as the subject complement after the verb “go”, go is a linking verb, followed by p.p, meaning being in a state of.; if it is followed by adjectives, it means becoming a state of .e.g. His words went unheard. He has gone blind. Likewise，come and run can be used in the same way.e.g. Your dream will come true some day. The river ran dry. The shoelace came undone. e.g.: Phone calls go unanswered. -Phone calls are unanswered. They never solved the problem. -The problem went unsolved. The police failed to identify the owner of the black car. -The owner went unidentified.2) used to + infinitive” refers to a past habit or state, while “get used to + n./-ing” means “become used to”, for example:A) Where did you use to live? I used to live with my family. How about now? I have got used to sharing a dormitory room with several others. B) How did people use to keep food? People used to keep food by salting it. How about now? Nowadays more and more people have got used to keeping their food in the fridge. 6. Difficult sentences：1.He would aim to finish a couple of days before the assignment was due so that if it took longer than expected, hed still meet the deadline. 2.To such students, the secret of good reading is to be an active reader one who keeps asking questions that lead to a full understanding of the material being read. 3.In a lecture on economics, for example, curious students would ask how the Chinese economy could be both socialist and market-driven, thus interesting themselves not only in whats, but also in whys and hows. 4.A graduate student there who observed a first-year calculus course found that Asian-American students discussed homework, tried different approaches and explained their solutions to one another while the others studied alone, spent most of their time reading and rereading the text, and tried the same approach time after time even if it was unsuccessful. 7Guided Practice (exercises, oral practice and group work)1) Summary A). Ask students to list the effective ways to learn English well including their own ones and the ones mentioned in the text. 2). Exercises A) Ask ss to do Vocabulary Exercise 1 in class and ask them to do it one by oneindividually. B) Ask ss to do Structure exercise on Page 12 orally after a short periods preparation.Unit 3: Stevie Wonder: Sunshine in the Shadow Language Points1). sunshine para. 1 n. A) the light and heat of the sun B) fine weather C) enjoyment e.g. Cats like lying down in the . Her presence always gives to all of us. Proverb After rain comes . 雨过天晴；苦尽甘来. sunshiny adj. full of sunshine; lively, happy C a ray of sunshine2). likely para.2 adj. A）probable, that is expected B）that seems reasonable, suitable, or right for a purpose adv. most/very likely, probably e.g. The most result is a draw. A / Thats a story! It is to rain tonight. He isnt to win. A place for camping / a place to camp He will very pass the exam. Most his attempt will fail. He has most lost his way. likelihood n. probability e.g. There is no / a strong of his winning the first prize. C be likely to do sth./be likely that in all likelihood likely enough as likely as not 多半 O unlikely impossible improbable S probable possible 3). resemble para.5 vt. be like or similar to e.g. He s his father closely. She s her mother in character but not in appearance. resemblance n. e.g. Theres little between them. You have a strong to your mother. C resemblein have a resemblance to 4). amaze vt. fill with great surprise or wonder e.g. His idleness d me. I was d at / by his rapid progress in English./ I was d (that) he had made such rapid progress in English. amazing adj. e.g. She has an talent for music. Amazingly adv. amazement n. C be amazed at / by / to do / that to ones amazement in amazement5). miracle n. A) act or event (sth good or welcome) which does not follow the known laws of nature; remarkable and surprising event B) of, remarkable example or specimen e.g. It was a that the girl survived the plane crash. The operation was a of medical skill. miraculous adj. like a miracle; contrary to the laws of nature; surprising miraculously adv. C work / do / accomplish / perform a miracle by a miracle 6). prompt para.10 adj. acting, done, sent, given, without delay vt. be the reason causing (sb to do sth) e.g. He is in paying his debts. He was to act. What ed his untimely retirement? promptly adv. promptness n. C be prompt in be prompt to do sth make prompt payment prompt sb to do sth at two (oclock) prompt 7). congratulate vt. tell sb that one is pleased about sth happy or fortunate that has come to him e.g. I you on your success. He d us on getting married. I heartily myself on having chosen a good woman to be my wife. congratulation n. (often pl.) words that congratulate e.g. I offer you my hearty s. s on your success. C congratulate sb on / upon sth congratulate oneself on 庆幸 congratulate heartily / sincerely offer sb ones congratulations on / upon sth8). ease para.12 n. freedom from work, discomfort, trouble, difficulty, anxiety v. A) give relief to (the body or mind) from pain, discomfort, anxiety B) make looser, less tight; lessen speed, efforts C) become less tense or troublesome e.g. He answered the questions with great . We were sitting on the sofa at our . The news that her son passed the exam d her mind. Her words d me of my anxiety. The headache has d. This medicine will the pain in your stomach. Please my dress at the waist. C lead a life of ease in the country ill at easeat (ones) ease feel at ease set your mind/heart at ease ease sb of sthtake ones ease with ease stand at ease have ease in old age9). smash para.13 n. A）（= hit/smash hit）a great success of a new play, film, book, etc. B） breaking into pieces; violent collision v. （cause to）break into pieces violently e.g. Her performance was a tremendous . He felt his health going to . This unexpected news had ed all his hopes. C go/come to smash smash a record Compare break into pieces crash crack shatter smash 和 break into pieces 的意思相同，是指突然用力把某物打得粉碎 break into pieces（break to pieces） 侧重于使一件完整的东西碎成许多部分。 crack 和break 的意思相同，但crack侧重于裂开或产生裂纹，即破裂的碎片仍然连接在一起（the pieces remain together） crash 是指突然发出强烈声响的碎裂。在用作不及物动词时，有发出响声的碰撞或撞坏的意思。 shatter 是指用力把某物砸成碎片，常用于易碎的物品，如瓷器、陶器、玻璃制品等。在比喻性的用法中，表示毁坏或使垮掉的意思。10). formula para.14 n. (pl. s, -mulae) A) statement of a rule, fact, etc esp. one in signs or numbers, as in mathematics; (chem.) expression in symb