英文中的新闻简介 一目了然.doc

Textbook： A quality Selection of Articles from American & British Newspaper & Periodicals What is news? What is news? What English Newspapers do you know? The definition accepted in Chinas academic circles as standard is that news is the reporting of recent events. In China: China Daily; 21st Century; Shanghai Star; English Weekly, etc.American Newspapers and periodicals New York Times; Washington Post; Los Angeles Times; Wall Street Journal; USA today; International Herald Tribune Christen Science Monitor Time; Newsweek; Business Week US News & the World Report Fortune; Readers Digest; British Newspapers and periodicals The Times The Sun The Financial Times The Guardian The Observer Daily Mirror The Daily Telegraph The Economist Types of news General classification 1. News story 2. News feature 3. Editorial & commentary Others flash (快讯) features （特写） urgent （急电） personal profile (人物特写) brief （简讯） Anecdote (趣事；轶事) breaking news（突发新闻） More 消息，通讯，新闻特写，调查报告，报告文学 消息，特写，通讯，专访，述评What parts does a news story have? All news stories answer some basic questions: who, what, when, where, why and how? Like all stories, the basic news story has a headline and three general parts: a beginning called the “lead”, a middle called the “body” and an ending. What parts does a news story have? A news story is composed of headline, lead, body, and before lead, there are dateline and byline. Headline: The headline is the line on top of the story that tells the reader what the story is about. What parts does a news story have? Lead: the beginning of the story, the hook (诱惑物) that tells the reader what the story is about A good lead attracts the reader to continue reading. In a hard-news story, the lead usually is written in one sentencethe first sentence of the storyand gives the most important information about the event. What parts does a news story have? The dateline, which tells readers when and where the story is written, is important. The byline, which gives credit to the writer, is also very important. Headline; lead; dateline; and bylineCategories of News News falls into basic categories: hard news and soft news. “Hard news” includes - stories of a timely nature about events or conflicts that have just happened or are about to happen, such as crimes, fires, meetings, protest rallies, speeches and testimony in court cases. These stories have immediacy.Categories of News“Soft news” is defined as news that entertains or informs, with an emphasis on human interest(人情味) and novelty（新奇） and less immediacy than hard news. For example, a story about the effectiveness of diets would be considered soft news.Categories of News“Soft news” can also be stories that focus on people, places or issues that affect readers lives. These types of stories are called “feature stories.” A story about the growing number of babies suffering from AIDS could be considered a soft-news story. It isnt less important than hard news, but it isnt news that happened overnight. Hard News Soft Newsfeatures （特写）personal profile (人物特写)Anecdote (趣事；轶事)What are the qualities of a good news story? What things are newsworthy?These are some of these traditional qualities of both hard- and soft-news stories:Timeliness An event that happened the day of or day before publication or an event that is due to happen in the immediate future is considered timely. Some events that happened in the past also may be considered timely if they are printed on an anniversary of the event, such as one, five or 10 years after the incident.Proximity An event may be of interest to local readers because it happened in or close to the community. For example: Wuhanese will be quite interested in when the subway tunnels began to be built and when it will be accomplished.Unusual Nature: the uniqueness of an event There is a well-known saying: “It is not news when a dog bites a man, but absolutely news when you find a man bites a dog.” It sounds absurd, but fully illustrates one of the widely accepted news valuesthe unusual, bizarre nature of a recently happened event.Celebrities People who are well-known for their accomplishments primarily entertainers, athletes or people who have gained fame for achievements, good or badattract a lot of attention. This story ran on the front page because of the celebrity status of the entertainers. Human interest: People like stories about people who have special problems, achievements or experiences. These stories can be profiles or unusual stories about people that make readers care about their plight. Here is an example of human interest: Kids Helping Kids Survive the Effects of Katrina. Conflict & Impact: Stories involving conflicts people have with government or other people are often newsworthy, especially when the conflict reflects local problems.Additional qualities Some additional qualities of news to consider: Helpfulness: Consumers, health and other how-to stories. Entertainment: stories that amuse readers, make them feel good or help them enjoy their leisure time. Additional qualities Inspiration: Stories about people who overcome difficulties Special interest: Some stories appeal to peoples interests in such subjects as science, business or religion or to such special groups as women, minorities, disabled people, veterans, college students or other groups with particular interests. News features: Is a special story or article in a print publication or broadcast program that goes in detail about concepts and ideas of specific market interest News stories arent the only type of material that appear in newspapers and magazines. Longer articles, such as magazine cover articles and the pieces that lead the inside sections of a newspaper, are known as features. Feature stories differ from straight news in several ways. Foremost is the absence of a straight-news lead, most of the time. Instead of offering the essence of a story up front, feature writers may attempt to lure readers in. While straight news stories always stay in third person point of view, its not uncommon for a feature article to slip into first person. The journalist will often detail his or her interactions with interview subjects, making the piece more personal. A features first paragraphs often relate an intriguing moment or event, as in an anecdotal lead. From the particulars of a person or episode, its view quickly broadens to generalities about the storys subject. The section that signals what a feature is about is called the nut graph核心段落 or billboard. Billboards appear as the third or fourth paragraph from the top, and may be up to two paragraphs long. Unlike a lead, a billboard rarely gives everything away. This reflects the fact that feature writers aim to hold their readers attention to the end, which requires engendering curiosity and offering a “payoff“高潮. Feature paragraphs tend to be longer than th