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当陈述部分含有情态动词must, may, cant, 且表示推测时,反意疑问部分不能用must, may, cant自身,应和后面的实义动词保持一致,随时间和人称而变化,如何才能快速准确地做出判断呢?根据笔者多年的教学经验,利用还原法解决这一问题较好。所谓还原法,就是先把句子还原成一个不带must推测意味的句子。如He must be a teacher.可还原为He is a teacher.其反意疑问句为isnt he? 也就是原句的正确答案。同样方法You must have waited for a long time.可还原为 You have waited for a long time.其反意疑问句havent you? 即原句的答案。注意:1、在must 表示现在情况的推测时,要注意主语对还原后句子谓语动词的影响。如:1. He must be ill at home, isnt he?(还原为He is ill at home.)2. They must be ill at home, arent they?(还原为They are ill at home.)2、must 表示对过去的情况推测时,要注意句意和时间状语对还原后句子时态的影响。如含有 for a long time, so far, before, since 等时间状语的句子还原后句子为完成时;而含有last night, yesterday, the other day, ten years ago 等时间状语的句子则还原为过去时。如:He must have seen her in the street yesterday, didnt he?(还原为:He saw her in the street yesterday.)He must have learned English for more than 10 years, hasnt he?(还原为:He has learned English for more than 10 years.) must/ may/ cant + do 表示对现在情况的推测,反意疑问部分用一般现在时。如: He must be Mr. Chen, isnt he?(相当于:I think he is Mr. Chen.)他一定是陈先生,是吗? He cant be Mr. Chen, is he?(相当于I dont think he is Mr. Chen.)他不可能是陈先生,是吗? He must be very tired, isnt he?(相当于:I believe he is very tired.)他一定很累,是吗? Your mother may be at home, isnt she?(相当于:Maybe your mother is at home.)可能你母亲在家呢,是吗? must/ may/ cant + have done +过去时间状语,表示对过去情况的推测,反意疑问部分常用一般过去时。如: He must have stayed at home yesterday, didnt he?(相当于: I think he stayed at home yesterday.)他昨天一定呆在家里了,是吗? You must have seen the film last week, didnt you?(相当于:I think you saw the film last week.) 你上周一定看这部影片了,是吗? It cant have snowed last week, did it?(相当于:I dont think it snowed last week.)上周不可能下雪了,是吗? He may have gone home last night, didnt he?(相当于:Maybe he went home last night.)他可能昨晚回家了,是吗? must/ may/ cant + have done , 反意疑问部分常用现在完成时。 You must have met him before, havent you?(相当于:I think you have met him before.)你从前一定见过他,是吗? You may have been to Tibet, havent you?(相当于:Maybe you have been to Tibet.)你可能去过西藏,是吗? He cant have known the news, has he?(相当于:I dont think he has known the news.)他不可能知道那个消息了,是吗? You must have waited for a long time, havent you?(相当于:I think you have waited for a long time.)你一定等了很长时间了,是吗?若是被动,应按被动结构来处理。如:1) The room must have been cleaned yesterday, wasnt it?2) The room must have been cleaned, hasnt it?当must表示“ 必须、禁止“时,反意疑问部分要用must (mustnt) 。You mustnt stop your car here, must you? 你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?*当must表示“有必要”时,反意疑问句部分要用neednt。They must finish the work today, neednt they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?专项练习:1. She must have a big family, _?2. You must be interested in the movie, _?3. It must have rained last night, _?4. You must have had a good time at the party, _?5. His wife must have misunderstand him at that time, _?6. He must have read the novel before, _?7. They must have lived there since then, _?8. The boy must be playing computer games in his room now, _?9. She must have read the novel last week, _?10. You must have told her about it, _?11. You must have seen the play last week, _?12. Dennis must be very tired, _?13. Your mother must go to work by bus, _?14. The little boy must have been ill, _?15. He must be waiting outside, _?16. There must be some students in the room, _?Answers:1. doesnt she 2. arent you 3. didnt it 4
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