全新主题大学英语2 U5 T.doc

Unit Five A Green World Section AA Global Green DealPART I Background Information1. Joseph J. Romm (1960 )Dr. Joseph J. Romm was born on June 27, 1960 in Middletown, New York. He is an author, blogger, lecturer, and scientist, who has concentrated on problems related to global warming, energy efficiency, green energy technologies and green transportation technologies. Romm is “one of the worlds leading experts on clean energy, advanced vehicles, energy security, and greenhouse gas mitigation.” The author of the award-winning The Hype About Hydrogen, he holds a Ph.D. in physics from MIT and lives in Washington, D.C.2. Cool Companies It is a book written by Joseph J. Romm. In the book Romm places efforts to reduce emissions in the context of proven corporate strategies, showing managers how they can build or retrofit their operations with the latest technologies to reduce emissions and achieve quick returns on the investment. It is a unique and essential business book for anyone concerned with increasing profits and productivity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.3. XeroxXerox Corporation was founded in 1906 in Rochester, New York as “The Haloid Company”, which originally manufactured photographic paper and equipment. It is a global document management company which manufactures and sells a range of color and black-and-white printers, multifunction systems, photo copiers, digital production printing presses, and related consulting services and supplies. Xerox is headquartered in Norwalk, Connecticut (moved from Stamford, Connecticut in October 2007), though its largest population of employees is based in and around Rochester, New York.4. Compaq Founded in 1982, Compaq Computer Corporation is a leading global provider of information technology products, services and solutions for enterprise customers. Compaq designs, develops, manufactures and markets information technology equipment, software, services and solutions, including industry-leading enterprise storage and computing solutions, fault-tolerant business-critical solutions, communication products, personal desktop and notebook computers, and personal entertainment and Internet access devices that are sold in more than 200 countries directly and through a network of authorized Compaq marketing partners. It is headquartered in northwest unincorporated Harris County, Texas.5. 3M 3M, formerly known as Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company, was founded in 1902. It operates as a diversified technology company in six segments: Industrial and Transportation; Health Care; Display and Graphics; Consumer and Office; Safety, Security, and Protection Services; and Electro and Communications. The company is based in St. Paul, Minnesota.6. ING ING is one of the worlds largest financial services companies, offering banking, insurance and asset management in over 50 countries. It was founded in 1991 by a merger between Nationale-Nederlanden and NMB Postbank Group. During the past 15 years ING has become a multinational with very diverse international activities. The roots of ING can be traced to the insurers De Nationale Levensverzekering Bank and De Nederlanden van 1845 and to the public bank services such as De Rijkspostspaarbank and De Postcheque and Girodienst, as well as to the Nederlandsche Middenstands Bank. ING will continue providing excellent services through its existing businesses and by focusing on three growth areas: direct banking, pensions and emerging markets. It is headquartered in Amsterdam.7. AT&TAT&T Corp. which was formerly American Telephone and Telegraph Company, was incorporated on March 3, 1885 to manage and expand the burgeoning long-distance business of American Bell Telephone Company and its licensees. It is the largest communications holding company in the United States and worldwide, by revenue. Operating globally under the AT&T brand, AT&T is recognized as the leading worldwide provider of IP-based communications services to businesses and the leading U.S. provider of wireless, high speed Internet access, local and long distance voice, and directory publishing and advertising services. It is located in St. Antonio, Texas.8. NEDO The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) was established by the Japanese government in 1980 to develop new oil-alternative energy technologies. It is Japans largest public R&D management organization for promoting the development of advanced industrial, environmental, new energy and energy conservation technologies. Eight years later, in 1988, NEDOs activities were expanded to include industrial technology research and development, and in 1990, environmental technology research and development. Activities to promote new energy and energy conservation technology were subsequently added in 1993. Following its reorganization as an incorporated administrative agency in October 2003, NEDO is now also responsible for R&D project planning and formation, project management and post-project technology evaluation functions. It is headquartered in Kanagawa, Japan.9. Corporate welfareIt refers to financial aid, such as a subsidy or tax break, provided by a government to corporations or other businesses, esp. when viewed as wasteful or unjust. The term was coined by Ralph Nader in 1956. Corporate welfare creates a satirical association between corporate subsidies and welfare payments to the poor, and implies that corporations are much less needy of such treatment than the poor.PART II Language Study1. Everyone knows the planet is in bad shape, but most people are resigned to passivity. (Para. 1)Everyone knows the planet is in a poor condition, but most people submit themselves to this fact passively. resigned: a. being willing to calmly accept something unpleasant or difficult that you cannot change 顺从的；逆来顺受的 He is resigned to playing for a minor league team. 他不得不去为一个不起眼的联赛球队效力。 She is resigned to not having a holiday this year. 她对今年不休假似乎并无怨言。 passivity: n. U state or quality of being passive 被动；被动性；消极；不抵抗 Passivity is fatal to us. Our goal is to make the enemy passive. 被动对我们来说是致命的。我们的目标是让敌人被动。A failure to see any sign of a bright future has led to a dangerous civic passivity in this country. 看不到一个光明未来的任何迹象使这个国家的所有国民都陷入了危险的消极状态中。 2. Changing course, they reason, would require economic sacrifice and provoke stiff resistance from corporations and consumers alike, so why bother? (Para. 1)They argue that changing the habitual mode of doing things would cause economic loss and call forth severe oppositions from both business and consumers, so why take the trouble to do that? change course: start to do something very different from what you were doing before 改变路线（方向）Most students change course during their first year.大多数学生第一年就改变了专业方向。 He didnt advise the President to begin to change course in Vietnam until many months later.他直到几个月后才建议总统开始改变在越南的策略。 provoke: vt.1) cause a reaction, esp. an angry one引起；激发（尤指愤怒）The MPs speech has provoked a furious reaction. 该议员的讲话激起了人们愤怒的反应。Dont throw one bone to two dogs; youll only provoke a fight.不要把一块骨头扔给两条狗，那样只会挑起一场争斗。2) deliberately try to make someone angry 激怒；挑衅She couldnt provoke him into arguing. 她没有办法激他进行争吵。The continual noise in the neighborhood provoked him into striking the wall.邻居家传出没完没了的噪音惹得他敲墙。stiff: a. 1) formal and controlled in a way that is not friendly or relaxed 不友好的；生硬的；严厉的When she spoke to that old man, her tone is a little stiff.当她和那位老年人说话时，她的语气有点生硬。 I dont think his offense deserved such a stiff penalty.我认为他的过失不应该受到如此严厉的处罚。 2) (of material etc.) firm and difficult to bend 硬的；不易弯曲的 a sheet of stiff cardboard 一块硬纸板 The clay is very stiff, so we must make it thinner with water.黏土太硬了，我们必须用水把它稀释一下。 3) hard to do; difficult 不好做的；困难的；费劲的 a stiff exam 难度大的考试 It was a stiff climb to the top of the hill. 爬到山顶很费劲。 resistance: n. U 1) refusal to accept something new such as a plan, idea, or change （对新计划、新观念、变化等）抵制；反对 Attempts to move the prison have met with strong resistance from the community. 搬迁监狱的企图遭到了该社区的强烈反对。The proposal put forward by a big country is meeting some resistance at the UNs headquarters. 一个大国提出的议案在联合国总部遭到了一些人的反对。 2) ability not to be affected or harmed by something, esp. a disease or a drug （对疾病的）抵抗力 Vitamin A helps build resistance to infection. 维他命A有助于增强机体的抗感染能力。A healthy person offers more resistance to disease than a weak person.一个健康的人比一个身体虚弱的人更能抵抗疾病。3. It is easier to ignore the gathering storm clouds and hope the problem magically takes care of itself. (Para. 1) It is easier to pay no attention to the increasing environmental damage and hope that the problem sorts itself out like magic.storm cloud: sign that something very bad is going to happen不祥的预兆；动乱的局势 Economic storm clouds are gathering over India.经济动乱的局势在印度愈演愈烈。The storm clouds of war seem to be looming over the east.东方隐隐浮现出战争的不祥预兆。4. Such fatalism is not only dangerous but mistaken. (Para. 2) The belief that the problem will somehow disappear is both dangerous and wrong. fatalism: n. U belief that you cannot prevent things from happening, esp. bad things 宿命论 Some people often live in a cloud of fatalism and uncertainty about their future.一些人总是活在宿命论的阴霾中，认为他们的未来充满了未知因素。 The problem with fatalism is that it encourages everyone to give up, even when a tiny effort from everyone could have beneficial effect. 宿命论的问题在于它鼓励大家放弃，甚至当人们只做出一点点努力就能有所收获的时候也一样。5. There is nothing inevitable about our self-destructive behavior. (Para. 2) Our behavior which is doing harm to ourselves is not at all difficult to be avoided. inevitable: a. impossible to avoid or prevent 不可避免的；必然的 War now seems almost inevitable. 战争现在看来几乎是无法避免了。 The accident was the inevitable result of carelessness. 这起事故是粗心造成的不可避免的结果。 self-destructive: a. destroying or tending to do harm to oneself 自毁的；自残的He is rebellious, aggressive and at times self-destructive.他反叛、好斗，有时还自己作践自己。 His constant arguing with the boss shows hes a self-destructive person.他不断与老板发生争执说明他是个自毁前程的人。 6. If were smart, we could make restoring the environment the biggest economic enterprise of our time, a huge source of jobs, profits and poverty alleviation. (Para. 2) If were wise, we could turn restoring the environment into the biggest economic undertaking of our time, providing a lot of employment opportunities, making profits, and relieving poverty. restore: vt.1) cause a particular situation to exist again, esp. a positive one 恢复By Sunday, electricity had been restored.到周日为止供电就已经恢复了。After nearly a week in bed, she was fully restored to health.在床上躺了将近一星期，她完全恢复了健康。2) give something that has been lost, taken, or stolen, back to the person it belongs to 归还；交还；返还The painting was restored to its rightful owner.画被归还给了它合法的主人。Most of the agricultural land has been restored to its original owners.大多数的农业用地都已经归还给原土地所有者。7. What we need is a Global Green Deal: a program to renovate our civilization environmentally from top to bottom in rich and poor countries alike. (Para. 3) We need a Global Green Deal, a comprehensive program which requires all the worlds people, led by their government in both rich and poor countries, to come together and restore our environment to a healthy state. renovate: vt. make something old look new again by repairing and improving it 修复；整修如新 Instead of buying new furniture we are going to renovate the old. 我们不买新家具，而是要把旧的翻新一下。 They claim that they can renovate worn shoes so that they look like new ones. 他们声称他们能翻新旧鞋，使鞋看起来像新的一样。8. Making use of both market incentives and government leadership, a 21st century Global Green Deal would do for environmental technologies what government and industry have done so well for computer and Internet technologies: launch their commercial takeoff. (Para. 3)Government and industry have achieved commercial success in the field of computer and Internet technologies by combining market forces and government leadership. If a 21st century Global Green Deal can benefit from these two forces, it could bring commercial success in the field of environmental technologies.make use of: benefit from 利用 In my opinion, its the best use that could be made of this money. 我认为，这是最该花这笔钱的地方。 She was given a chance to go abroad, so she was determined to make full use of this opportunity to learn more knowledge. 她得到了一次出国的机会，于是她决心要充分利用这次机会学习更多的知识。leadership: n. U 1) position of being the leader or being in chair of an organization, country, etc. 领导地位；领导权 Assistant Coach Contanzo was given full leadership of the team. 助理教练康坦佐受命全权负责该球队。 The Mormons moved to Utah under the leadership of Brigham Young. 在布里格姆杨的领导下，摩门教徒迁到了犹他州。2) position of being more successful than anyone you are competing against 领先地位 the companys leadership in robot technology 公司在机器人技术方面的领先地位 This company gained market leadership by selling products that were of superior quality. 这家公司通过销售高质量的产品而取得了市场的领先份额。 commercial: a.1) relating to business and the buying and selling of goods and services 商业的；商务的；贸易的 commercial whaling 商业性捕鲸 The city of Guangzhou is the commercial capital of Chinas Pearl River area. 广州是中国珠江地区的商业中心。 Our commercial laws are always very old-fashioned. 我们的商业法总是非常不合时宜。 2) relating to making a profit 商品化的；以营利为主要目的的The films commercial success made her a star.该电影在票房上的成功使她一举成名。This decision was made on a purely commercial basis.这个决定纯粹是从营利的角度做出的。takeoff: n. U 1) becoming successful or popular very fast 迅速成功，迅速走红Her hard work led to the business takeoff.她的努力使她生意迅速成功。Indonesia has chosen industrialization as the main approach to economic takeoff.印度尼西亚选择工业化作为其经济腾飞的主要途径。2) act of leaving the ground and rising into the air 起飞，升空There is only five minutes before takeoff, so youd better not move around and buckle the belt. 还有五分钟飞机就要起飞了，所以你最好不要到处走，并且要系好安全带。The aircraft crashed after takeoff from Heathrow in a reservoir.飞机从希斯罗机场起飞后坠毁在一个水库里。9. Getting it done will take work, and before we begin we need to understand three facts about the reality facing us. (Para. 4) Achieving commercial success in the field of environmental technologies will require great effort, and before we begin we need to understand three facts about the reality that we are facing.10. scarcity (Para. 4): n. C (usu. sing.) situation in which the supply of something is not enough for the people who want or need it 缺乏；不足 Now nearly all countries around the world are suffering from a scarcity of fuel. 现在，世界上几乎所有国家都经受着燃料缺乏的困扰。 Even though the authorities had already tried their best, the country is still facing an ever increasing scarcity of water. 虽然领导们已经尽了全力，但是国家仍然面临着越来越严重的水荒。 11. species (Para. 4): n. C plant or animal group whose members all have similar general features and are able to produce young plants or animals together 种；物种 Over 120 species of birds have been recorded in this National Park. 这个国家公园已发现120多种鸟类。 That strange animal belongs to a species that I havent seen before. 那种奇怪的动物属于我以前从未见过的一个物种。12. extinction (Para. 4): n. U 1) situation when an animal, plant, or language no longer exists （动、植物或语言的）灭绝， 消失，绝种 Pandas in China belong to species that are in danger of extinction. 中国的大熊猫属于濒临灭绝的物种。 Many species are already in peril of extinction because of our destruction of their natural habitat. 由于我们对许多物种的天然栖息地造成的破坏，它们已经濒临灭绝。2) total destruction 全部毁灭；斩尽杀绝extinction of the civilization 文明的彻底毁灭During World War II, Hitler ordered Nazis to kill all the Jews around the world. Many people couldnt understand why he wanted the extinction of Jews.二战期间希特勒命令纳粹杀死世界上所有的犹太人。许多人都不明白他为什么要斩尽杀绝犹太人。13. Second, poverty is central to the problem. (Para. 5) The second fact is that poverty is the key aspect of the problem.14. Four billion of the planets six billion people face deprivation. (Para. 5) Among six billion people in the world, four billion lack basic necessities of life.15. As they demand adequate heat and food, humanitys environmental footprint will grow. (Para. 5) As these people try to get sufficient heat and food, human exploration of nature will continue. humanity: n. U 1) all the people who are living in the world 人类 Weapons of this type are a threat to the survival of humanity. 这类武器对人类生存构成了威胁。 All humanity will be helped by advances in medical sciences. 医学的进步会帮助全人类。2) kind and sympathetic attitude towards other people, esp. when they are suffering in some way 仁慈；博爱；人道 He was lacking in basic humanity. 他缺乏起码的人道精神。 They treated the prisoners with humanity. 他们仁慈地对待囚犯。16. Our challenge is to accommodate this mass ascent from poverty without wrecking the natural systems that make life possible. (Para. 5) Our challenge is to help these people get out of poverty without seriously damaging the natural systems which sustain life.accommodate: vt. 1) do favour to, oblige (a person) 给（某人）帮助 The bank will accommodate you with a loan. 银行会给你提供一笔贷款来帮助你解决困难。 Whenever we ask for his help, the policeman always accommodates us in time. 无论何时我们寻求那位警察的帮助，他总会及时帮助我们。2) provide a place or room for someone to stay in 向提供膳宿 We were accommodated in a small room on the third floor. 我们住在三楼的一个小房间里。 Designed by a famous Italian architect, the hotel can accommodate 600 guests. 这家酒店由一位著名的意大利建筑师设计，可容纳600位客人。3) get used to a new situation, or make yourself do this （使）适应；（使）顺应Your investment strategy has to be flexible enough to accommodate changes in the market.你的投资策略得足够灵活，能够应对市场变化。This company produces a kin