GMAT作文全中文翻译.doc

GMATARGUMENTPOOL2011官网最新版本全中文翻译1.The following appeared as part of an annual report sent to stockholders by Olympic Foods, a processor of frozenfoods:“Over time, the costs of processing go down because as organizations learn how to do things better, they become more efficient. In color film processing, for example, the cost of a 3-by-5-inch print fell from 50 cents for five-day service in 1970 to 20 cents for one-day service in 1984. The same principle applies to the processing of food. And since Olympic Foods will soon celebrate its 25th birthday, we can expect that our long experience will enable us to minimize costs and thus maximize profits.”下面摘自一家冷冻食品处理商-奥林匹克食品提交给股东的年报：随着时间流逝，由于机构了解了做好事情的方法进而提高了效率，处理的成本会降低。比如在彩色胶卷处理方面，3/5英寸照片的成本从1970年的5天50cent降至1984年的1天20cent。同样的规律适用于食品处理方面。由于奥林匹克食品即将庆祝它的25岁生日，我们可以指望我们长期的经验会使我们达到最小的成本和最大的利润。Logical flaws:1、样本不具代表性，彩色胶卷处理成本的降低不代表食品处理方面也一定能降低生产成本。2、数据不具代表性，题目中的数据1970的5天50cent降低至1984年的一天20cent这个数据已经发生在过去很久之前，不能代表现在的情况。3、机构了解做好事情的方法不一定就会提高效率从而减少处理的成本。2.The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company:“When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees.”下面摘自APogee公司的商务部门的备忘录：当Apogee将它所有的业务部门集中在一处时，它将有比现在更多的利润。因此，Apogee应该关闭它的驻外办公室并从单一场所管理它的所有部门。这样的话，集中会通过削减成本提高利润，并帮助公司更好地对所有员工进行监督。1、 所有的业务部门集中在一处时，不一定就会比现在拥有更多的利润，因为业务的集中也会产生其他的生产成本例如人员统一管理的费用。2、 单一场所管理它的所有部门，也有可能会降低管理的效率，集中读员工进行管理有可能会加大对员工工作的管理难度，因为大规模的集中管理中人员增加了。3.The following appeared in a memorandum issued by a large citys council on the arts:“In a recent citywide poll, 15 percent more residents said that they watch television programs about the visual arts than was the case in a poll conducted five years ago. During these past five years, the number of people visiting our citys art museums has increased by a similar percentage. Since the corporate funding that supports public television, where most of the visual arts programs appear, is now being threatened with severe cuts, we can expect that attendance at our citys art museums will also start to decrease. Thus some of the citys funds for supporting the arts should be reallocated to public television.”一个大城市的艺术理事会出版的备忘录:在最近的城市范围的民意测验中，多于15的居民说他们通过电视观赏视觉艺术，这要比5年前民意测验的时候多。在过去5年中，参观城市艺术馆的人也增长了类似百分比。由于支持公共电视（多数视觉艺术节目出现的地方）的社团基金面临大幅缩减的危险，可以预期参观我们城市艺术馆的人数将开始下降。因此应该将一些原来用于支持艺术的基金重新分配给公共电视。1、 时间不具代表性，最近的民意调查指的是什么时候？有可能是最近几周，也有可能是最近几个月，而且这里的城市范围又是指多少。2、 这15%的居民指的是所有的居民吗，但是单单指的是城市里的某些居民。那剩下的85%的居民又是通过什么来观赏视觉艺术的？3、 5年前这个时间不具有代表性，因为5年已经过去了很长的一段时间。4、视觉艺术出现的地方指的是哪里，是那15%的居民可以接触的到地方吗。4.The following appeared in an announcement issued by the publisher of The Mercury, a weekly newspaper:“Since a competing lower-priced newspaper, The Bugle, was started five years ago, The Mercurys circulation has declined by 10,000 readers. The best way to get more people to read The Mercury is to reduce its price below that of The Bugle, at least until circulation increases to former levels. The increased circulation of The Mercury will attract more businesses to buy advertising space in the paper.”一份周刊Mercury的出版者发表的公告：由于一份5年前出现的低价竞争的报纸The Bugle, Mercury的发行额下降了1000份。争取读者的最好方法是至少在发行额恢复以前的水平前把Mercury的价格订的低于Bugle的价格。Mercury增长的发行额会吸引更多的企业来购买报纸的公告版面。1、 样本数据不具代表性，5年的出现的低价竞争的报纸不能跟现在来比，不管是跟B的价格还是发行额，发行额1000份的数量是属于多还是少。2、 发行额恢复以前的水平，这个以前指的是什么时候，以前的什么水平。3、 怎么知道M增长的发行额会一定吸引更多的企业来购买报纸的公告版面，也有可能是私人。5.The following appeared in a report presented for discussion at a meeting of the directors of a company thatmanufactures parts for heavy machinery:“The falling revenues that the company is experiencing coincide with delays in manufacturing. These delays, in turn, are due in large part to poor planning in purchasing metals. Consider further that the manager of the department that handles purchasing of raw materials has an excellent background in general business, psychology, and sociology, but knows little about the properties of metals. The company should, therefore, move the purchasing manager to the sales department and bring in a scientist from the research division to be manager of the purchasing department.”生产重工业部件的公司的领导人的会议辩论：公司的利润下降和生产的延时是同步发生的。而延时的主要原因是购买原料的计划很糟，考虑到负责原料购买的部门经理具有很好的商业，心理学，社会学背景但是对原料性质知之甚少。公司应该将该经理调往销售部门而把研究部门的一位科学家调来当采购部经理。1、公司的利润下降一定是生产的延时所导致的吗，也有可能是因为其他费用的增加或者生产成本的提高所导致的。6.The following appeared as part of an article in a magazine devoted to regional life:“Corporations should look to the city of Helios when seeking new business opportunities or a new location. Even in the recent recession, Helioss unemployment rate was lower than the regional average. It is the industrial center of the region, and historically it has provided more than its share of the regions manufacturing jobs. In addition, Helios is attempting to expand its economic base by attracting companies that focus on research and development of innovative technologies.”一份面向地方生活的杂志上的一篇文章：企业在寻找新的商机或位置时应该去Helios城。甚至在最近的衰退中，Helios的失业率也比地区平均水平低，它是地区的工业中心，历史上它提供的比它在地区制造业工作中分享的份额中更多。而且，Helios正试图通过吸引研究和发展革新技术的公司来扩张它的经济基础。1、 企业寻找新的商机为什么H城，它一定就会适合各种企业在它那里扎根吗？2、 最近的衰退，指的是什么时候的衰退，这里的衰退指的是哪方面的衰退，是经济还是其他客观因素。3、 H城的失业率比地区平均水平低，失业率又是和哪些地区比，是比H城落后的地区，还是比H城经济要发达的地区。4、 既然H城在历史上在地区制造业工作中分享份额更多，那它通过吸引研究和发展革新技术就一定会成功吗？去它那里扎根的企业是制造业还是H城需要的具有新科技技术的企业？7.The following appeared in the health section of a magazine on trends and lifestyles:“People who use the artificial sweetener aspartame are better off consuming sugar, since aspartame can actuallycontribute to weight gain rather than weight loss. For example, high levels of aspartame have been shown to trigger a craving for food by depleting the brain of a chemical that registers satiety, or the sense of being full. Furthermore, studies suggest that sugars, if consumed after at least 45 minutes of continuous exercise, actually enhance the bodys ability to burn fat. Consequently, those who drink aspartame-sweetened juices after exercise will also lose this calorie-burning benefit. Thus it appears that people consuming aspartame rather than sugar are unlikely to achieve their dietary goals.”关于流行和时尚的杂志的健康板块：吃人工糖的人最好改吃蔗糖。因为糖精确实可导致增重而不是减重。比如，高浓度的糖精可通过消耗让大脑产生饱的感觉的化学物质来触发对食物的渴求。进一步地，研究显示，如果在连续运动至少45分钟后消耗糖，可提高身体燃烧脂肪的能力。因此，在运动后喝糖精做甜味剂的果汁的人将失去消耗卡路里的效果。因此食用人造糖精的人比吃蔗糖的人更不容易达到他们的减肥目的。1、8.The following appeared in the editorial section of a corporate newsletter:“The common notion that workers are generally apathetic about management issues is false, or at least outdated: a recently published survey indicates that 79 percent of the nearly 1,200 workers who responded to survey questionnaires expressed a high level of interest in the topics of corporate restructuring and redesign of benefits programs.”一份社团实事通讯的编者按：一般认为工人对管理事务缺乏兴趣的观点是错的，或至少是过时的。最近公布的调查显示回答了问卷的近1200工人中的79表达了对公司重组，利润目标新设计的高度兴趣。9.The following appeared in the opinion column of a financial magazine:“On average, middle-aged consumers devote 39 percent of their retail expenditure to department store products and services, while for younger consumers the average is only 25 percent. Since the number of middle-aged people will increase dramatically within the next decade, department stores can expect retail sales to increase significantly during that period. Furthermore, to take advantage of the trend, these stores should begin to replace some of those products intended to attract the younger consumer with products intended to attract the middle-aged consumer.”财经杂志的意见栏：平均而言，中年消费者的零售消费额的39用于专卖店的商品和服务。而在年轻一些的消费者中这一比例仅有25。由于中年消费者的数量在下一10年中将大幅增长，专卖店可以预期他们的销售额会有大幅增长。进一步，为利用这一趋势，这些店应该开始将一些吸引年轻消费者的商品替换为吸引中年消费者的商品。10.The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper:“This past winter, 200 students from Waymarsh State College traveled to the state capitol building to protest against proposed cuts in funding for various state college programs. The other 12,000 Waymarsh students evidently werent so concerned about their education: they either stayed on campus or left for winter break. Since the group who did not protest is far more numerous, it is more representative of the states college students than are the protesters. Therefore the state legislature need not heed the appeals of the protesting students.”地方性报纸的编者按：过去的冬天里，200名学生从Waymarsh州立大学前往州府大楼抗议对各项州立大学项目基金进行削减的计划。另外12000名Waymarsh学生显然对他们的教育不太关心：他们或是留在学校里，或离开过寒假。由于不抗议的人群更大，他们比抗议人群更有资格代表州立大学学生。所以州立法会不必理会抗议者。11.The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper:“In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and reelected Varro.”地方性报纸的编者按：在Montoya当San Perdito市长的头4年里，人口下降而失业率上升。每当一个新企业开业，就有两个旧的关门。而在Montoya之前Uarro当市长的4年里，失业率下降人口增长。很明显，SanPerdito的居民重新选举Varro而非Montoya会得到更好的服务。12.The following appeared as part of a promotional campaign to sell advertising space in the Daily Gazette to grocery stores in the Marston area:“Advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will help you increase your sales. Consider the results of a study conducted last month. Thirty sale items from a store in downtown Marston were advertised in The Gazette for four days. Each time one or more of the 30 items was purchased, clerks asked whether the shopper had read the ad. Two-thirds of the 200 shoppers asked answered in the affirmative. Furthermore, more than half the customers who answered in the affirmative spent over $100 at the store.”在把Gazette日报的广告版向Marston地区的蔬菜商销售的计划：在Gazette日报宣传特价菜会帮助你提高销售额。考虑上月的一个研究的结果。Marston中心区的一个商店的30种特价菜在Gazette做了4天广告。每当有特价菜被卖出，职员就问顾客是否读过广告。200顾客中的2/3回答是肯定的。而且，持肯定回答的顾客中有超过一半的人在店里的消费超过100美元。13.The following appeared as part of a campaign to sell advertising time on a local radio station to local businesses:“The Cumquat Caf began advertising on our local radio station this year and was delighted to see its business increase by 10 percent over last years totals. Their success shows you how you can use radio advertising to make your business more profitable.”将本地电台的广告时间卖给本地企业的计划：Cumquat咖啡店今年开始在我们电台做广告，并很高兴的看到它的业务比去年全年增长10。他们的成功向您展示了您如何能够利用电台广告使您的企业获利更多。14.The following appeared as part of a newspaper editorial:“Two years ago Nova High School began to use interactive computer instruction in three academic subjects. The school dropout rate declined immediately, and last years graduates have reported some impressive achievements in college. In future budgets the school board should use a greater portion of the available funds to buy more computers, and all schools in the district should adopt interactive computer instruction throughout the curriculum.”报纸社论：两年前Nova高中开始在3个科学科目中使用互动计算机指导。学校的退学率立刻下降，而且去年的毕业生在大学取得了一些很不错的成绩。在未来的预算中，校董事会应该在能得到的资金中拨出更大的一块用来购买更多的计算机。而且这一区的所有学校都应该在课程中采用互动计算机指导。15.The following appeared as a part of an advertisement for Adams, who is seeking reelection as governor:“Reelect Adams, and you will be voting for proven leadership in improving the states economy. Over the past year alone, 70 percent of the states workers have had increases in their wages, 5,000 new jobs have been created, and six corporations have located their headquarters here. Most of the respondents in a recent poll said they believed that the economy is likely to continue to improve if Adams is reelected. Adamss opponent, Zebulon, would lead our state in the wrong direction, because Zebulon disagrees with many of Adamss economic policies.”正在寻求重新选举为地方长官的Adams的广告宣传：再次选举Adams，你将为在提升本州经济的过程中已被证实了的领导能力投票。仅在过去的一年中，全州有70的工人的工资增加了，5000个新就业机会被创造，6个公司将他们的总部设在这里。最近的调查中多数回答者说他们相信如果Adams当选经济将会继续增长。Adams的竞争者Zebulon将把我们州引向错误的方向，因为Zebulon不同意Adams的多数经济政策。16.The following appeared as part of an article in the education section of a Waymarsh city newspaper:“Throughout the last two decades, those who earned graduate degrees found it very difficult to get jobs teaching their academic specialties at the college level. Those with graduate degrees from Waymarsh University had an especially hard time finding such jobs. But better times are coming in the next decade for all academic job seekers, including those from Waymarsh. Demographic trends indicate that an increasing number of people will be reaching college age over the next 10 years; consequently, we can expect that the job market will improve dramatically for people seeking college-level teaching positions in their fields.”Waymarsh城日报教育版的一篇文章：过去的20年内，研究生毕业生发现找到在大学教授他们的学术专长的工作是很困难的。那些从Waymarsh获得研究生学位的要找到这类工作尤其困难。但在下个10年，寻找学术工作的人（包括那些Waymarsh大学的）的好日子要来了。人口统计趋势显示达到上大学年龄的人将在未来10年增加。我们可预期对那些在他们的领域寻找大学教学工作的人来说，工作市场将显著增大。17.The following appeared in an article in a consumer-products magazine:“Two of todays best-selling brands of full-strength prescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid, Acid-Ease and Pepticaid, are now available in milder nonprescription forms. Doctors have written 76 million more prescriptions for full-strength Acid-Ease than for full-strength Pepticaid. So people who need an effective but milder nonprescription medication for the relief of excess stomach acid should choose Acid-Ease.”消费者产品杂志上的文章：两种现在最好卖的消除过多胃酸的全效处方药Acid-Ease和Pepticaid现在出现在了较温和的非处方药清单上。医生给全效Acid-Ease比给全效Pepticaid多开了76000000张处方。所以需要有效但较温和的非处方药来消除过多胃酸的人应该选择Acid-Ease。1、 最好卖是不是就代表了它一定是最有用的，也有可能是因为两种药的价钱相比其他药要便宜。2、 医生开较多的A处方多过P这种药的处方，可能是因为医生个人偏好这种药，或者这种药比P 便宜，病人更容易承担起费用。3、 非处方药和处方药之间没有可比性。18.The following is an excerpt from a memo written by the head of a governmental department:“Neither stronger ethics regulations nor stronger enforcement mechanisms are necessary to ensure ethical behavior by companies doing business with this department. We already have a code of ethics that companies doing business with this department are urged to abide by, and virtually all of these companies have agreed to follow it. We also know that the code is relevant to the current business environment because it was approved within the last year, and in direct response to specific violations committed by companies with which we were then workingnot in abstract anticipation of potential violations, as so many such codes are.政府部门领导所写备忘录的摘录：我们既不需要更强的道德规范也不需要更强的强制机制来确保和部门做生意的公司的道德行为。我们已经有了和这个部门做生意的公司必须遵守的道德准则，而事实上所有这些公司也同意遵循这些准则。我们也知道准则和当前的经济环境相关，因为它是去年制定的，而且对随后我们的工作中遇到的公司违例情况有直接的反应。这和很多对潜在违例进行抽象的预期的准则是不同的。19.The following appeared as part of an article in the travel section of a newspaper:“Over the past decade, the restaurant industry in the country of Spiessa has experienced unprecedented growth. This surge can be expected to continue in the coming years, fueled by recent social changes: personal incomes are rising, more leisure time is available, single-person households are more common, and people have a greater interest in gourmet food, as evidenced by a proliferation of publications on the subject.”报纸旅游版上的文章的部分：过去的10年中，Spiessa国的餐馆工业经历了前所未有的增长。预计由于一下原因，这一增长在未来几年仍将继续：个人收入增加，休闲时间增加，单身家庭更普遍，还有人们对美食更感兴趣（就像相关出版物增长所显示的那样）。1、 过去10年的增长不代表在未来的几年就一定会增长，也有可能出现下降。2、 个人收入增加、休闲时间增加、单身家庭更普遍还有人们对美食更感兴趣也可能会使人们更愿意享受自己在家里做饭的乐趣，而不是去外面吃。3、 相关出版物不一定具有代表性，它可能不是饮食业的风向标，而是其他行业的，对于他的增长，不能就直接说明餐馆工业也会有增长。20.The following appeared in an article in a healthandfitness magazine:“Laboratory studies show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the minerals necessary for good health and that it is completely free of bacteria. Residents of Saluda, the small town where the water is bottled, are hospitalized less frequently than the national average. Even though Saluda Natural Spring Water may seem expensive, drinking it instead of tap water is a wise investment in good health.”关于健康和舒适的杂志上的文章：实验室的研究显示Saluda自然泉水包含有益健康的几种矿物质且完全无菌。灌装此水的小镇Saluda的居民比平均水平的就医率要低，虽然saluda自然泉水可能看起来很贵，喝它而非自来水是一项对健康的明智投资。21.The following appeared in a memorandum from the head of a human resources department at a major automobile manufacturing company to the companys managers:“Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated than employees of for-profit corporations to perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated.Interviews with employees of not-for-profit organizations suggest that the reason for their greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to improve society. Because they believe in the importance of their work, they have personal reasons to perform well, even when no financial reward is present.Thus, if our corporation began donating a significant portion of its profits to humanitarian causes, our employees motivation and productivity would increase substantially and our overall profits would increase as well.”以下是一家大型汽车制造商的人事部门的头给公司经理的一份备忘：研究表明党没有监管的时候，非盈利性慈善机构的员工们士气要比那些盈利性机构的更高。对非盈利性机构的员工采访揭示了之所以的原因是因为他们认为他们的工作促进了社会发展。真是因为他们相信他们工作的重要性，所以他们一直在竭尽全力，即便没有任何回报。因此，如果我们公司开始把我们利润的一大部分捐给人道主义机构，我们员工的热情和生产力将会提高，同时我们的利润也将会提升。1、22.The following appeared as part of an editorial in an industry newsletter:“While trucking companies that deliver goods pay only a portion of highway maintenance costs and no property tax on the highways they use, railways spend billions per year maintaining and upgrading their facilities. The government should lower the railroad companies property taxes, since sendi