结构主义诗学论文：论文学活动中的文学程式.doc

结构主义诗学论文：论文学活动中的文学程式【中文摘要】文学程式是乔纳森卡勒在结构主义诗学一书中提出的概念。受索绪尔语言学中语言|言语的二元对立关系的启发,结构主义者力图在文学中建立一个深层结构与浅层表述的二元对立。在乔纳森卡勒的结构主义诗学中,深层结构与浅层表述的二元对立即文学程式与具体文学作品的二元对立。文学程式作为文学的深层结构,是文学活动的“语法”,它不仅起到维持文学交流秩序的作用,而且构成了文学活动。文学程式不仅影响作者感受现实的方式,而且是将作者感受到的现实世界转化为文字存在的模式和规范；文学程式是读者的阅读模式,在这种阅读模式的指导下,读者能够读出文本的意义；体裁是文学程式在文本中的凝固。文学程式有三种存在状态,在作者创作阶段,程式是作者的创作规范；在文本形成阶段,程式是凝固在文本的体裁；在读者阅读阶段,程式是读者的阅读模式。或者说,程式的第二存在状态凝固在文本上的体裁是作者与读者在共同遵守程式的前提下,在文本上达成的协定。从不同的角度出发,文学程式有多种分类。从体裁上看,每一种体裁都代表了一种文学程式；从风格上看,每一种风格代表了一种文学程式；作家固定的主题类型也可以成为文学程式,不同的文学性立场也会形成不同的文学程式,从文本功能角度,也能够区分不同的文学程式。文学程式作为文学活动的深层结构,与文学的创造性并不矛盾。文学程式并不意味着取消文学创新。已有程式对创新因素的同化和容纳,使创新能够被理解；文学程式自身也并不是一个静态不变的恒定形式,文学程式的调整改组,比如变支流为主流,也会产生创新。另外,作者与读者交流的非接触性和读者与文本交流的不对等性所造成的非确定性,为文学活动参加者保留了创新的空间。在文学活动中,作者、文本、读者并不总是处在交流对话状态,而是由静态孤立和动态交流两种状态。在静态孤立阶段,文学程式是作者、读者内化了的文学能力,外显为文本的体裁特征,而在动态交流阶段,作者、读者、文本,通过文学程式对话交流,最终确定了文本的性质和意义。【英文摘要】Literary convention is a conception proposed by Jonathan Culler in Structuralist Poetics. Linguistic theory founded by Ferdinand de Saussure inspired structuralists to find a pair of binary opposition as langue and parole. In Jonathan Cullers Structuralist Poetics, the deep structure is literary convention and shallow representation is literary works.As the deep structure, literary convention is the grammar of literature. It not only maintains the order of literature, but also forms the literature activities. Literary convention not only affects the way that the author feels the world, but also expresses his experiences into words. Literary convention is a reading pattern for the reader. With the guidance of literary convention, the reader can obtain the meaning of the text. Genre is the solidification of literary convention in the text. Literary convention has three states. It is the creation rule in the creation phase; it is genre solidified in the text; it is reading pattern for the reader. In other words, genre solidified in the text, which is the second phase of convention, is a agreement that the author and the reader reaches in the text on the premise of observing literary convention.Literary convention has a variety of classification from different angles. Each kind of genre represents a literary program from genre; Each one represents a literary program from style; The fixed theme type of writers can also become a literary program. Different literary position can also reform different literary programs. Additionally, its normal to distinguish different literary programs from text function point.As the deep structure of literary activities, literary convention is not contradictory with literary creativity. Literary convention doesnt mean to abolish creativity. The old convention assimilates and accommodates the creative factors, so the innovation can be understood; literary convention itself is not a static form. It can adjust itself, such as changing tributaries to mainstream. This kind of adjustment is also creation, In addition, there is innovation space for the participants of literary activity, because the communication between the author and the reader is not contacted, and the communication between the text and the reader is unequal.In the literary activities, the author, the text and the reader is not always in a state of exchange and conversation, but in the two states of static isolation and dynamic exchange. In the stage of static isolation, the literary convention is that the internalized ability of authors and readers explicates as the generic features of the text. However, in the stage of dynamic exchange, the author, the reader and the text exchanges and dialogues with the literary convention to determine the nature and meaning of the text.【关键词】结构主义诗学 文学程式 文学能力 文学交流【英文关键词】Structuralist Poetics literary convention literary competence literary communication【目录】论文学活动中的文学程式中文摘要6-7ABSTRACT7-8前言9-11第一章 结构主义的新崛起11-19第一节 语言学的启示11-13第二节 乔纳森卡勒之结构主义诗学13-19第二章 文学程式概念辨析19-35第一节 文学程式:文学活动的”语法”23-28第二节 文学程式与创新自由28-35一、文学程式与作者独创性28-29二、文学程