9AU8reading知识点归纳.doc

9AU8 reading-grammar知识点归纳I. 重点词汇学习 A. 词性变换murder- (n.)_salesman-(复数)_ bleed -(过去式)_，-(过去分词)_enemy -(复数)_ break-(过去式)_，-(过去分词)_breathe-(n) _ kidnap-(n) _thief-(复数)-_ attack-(n) _like(adj)- _usual - (反义词)_serious-(比较级)_，-(最高级)_cruel-(比较级)_，-(最高级)_die-(adj)_-(n)_guilt-(adj)_want-(adj)_witness-(复数)_ lead-(过去式)_，-(过去分词)_B. 词汇辨析：1. besides与except besides的意思是“除之外（还）”，通常表示包括在内；而except是“除之外”，表示不包括在内, 相当于 “but”。EX. 1.Everyone went to the Palace Museum _Tom. 2._Chinese he also studied many other subjects. 3.Mr Lin gave the textbooks to all the students _ the ones who had already taken them. 4.No one except my parents _(know) anything about it.2. happen/ take place(1) happen 不及物动词，无被动语态。相关句型: 1) (sth.) happen to sb./sth. 某人/物出了某事eg. If anything happens to the machine, do let me know. 2) (sb.) happen to do “碰巧做”eg. I happened to be out when you called. 3) It happened that+主语从句 “碰巧”eg. It happened that I had read the article on the exam sheet.(2) take place 有一定的计划性，没有偶然性。eg. The school sports meeting will take place next Monday.EX:( ). People didnt know _ during the night. A. what was happened B. what the murder happened C. what happened D. how the murder has happened3. gone, lost, missing的区别D. 词汇解析：against(1) 表示“反对”“对着”“违反”“不利于”等。（ be against 反义词组 be for ）如：We are all against his idea. There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. (2) 表示“靠着”“顶着”“迎着”“衬着”等。如：He stood with his back against the door. He hit his head against the window. (3) . 注意 against 是介词，不是动词, 所以后接动词时要用动名词。 如：Im against (do) anything till the police arrive. EX. ( )Mr Black strongly _keeping animals in the zoo, because animals should also have the right to enjoy freedom. A for B up C against D downII. 重点词组学习严重的多 much more serious （注意serious比较级） 可能做某事be likely to do sth 在门口 in the doorway 不见了；消失了 go missing = be missing 因谋杀而被通缉be wanted for murder 某人的电话be wanted on the phone任何不同寻常的事 anything unusual 其它地方 somewhere else 最后一次被看见正在做某事be last seen doing 在犯罪现场/时间at the scene/time of the crime 被用刀袭击 be attacked with a knife 流血致死 bleed to death 结果as a result 尤其对.感兴趣be particularly interested in打斗的迹象evidence of a struggle 进行（激烈地搏斗） put up (a good fight) 一份高薪工作 a well-paid job 犯有罪 be guilty of 被指控 be charged with 闯入电脑系统 break into computer systems与某人树敌make enemies with sb 跟某人联系的号码是 contact sb on 谋杀案的证人the witness to the murder 气喘嘘嘘breathe heavily/hard=out of breath 有证据证明have evidence to prove 证明是 prove (sb) to be 提拱(钱)的奖赏 offer a reward of(money) for 为导致某人被捕 lead to the arrest of sb不止一个攻击者more than one attacker(谓语动词为单数）做些违反法律的事 do something against the lawEX:1.-Whose are the tools over there? - Perhaps they are the _(thief). They left them there last night.2.The _(die) of the old scientist is a great loss to our country.3. The boy was seen _(struggle) with a shoplifter at 7p.m. yesterday evening. 4. After stealing the money from the poor old man again, the boy felt even _(guilty).5. One of his _(attack) is an 18-year-old man. 6. Its raining hard outside. _(因此), we have no choice but to stay at home.7. Please _(查明) who broke our window just now.8. In the morning taking a walk and _(呼吸) some fresh air are good for your health. (无锡)9. The criminal _(被指控) robbery twice by the end of 2010.10. The engineers flat _(闯入) last night. Luckily, there was nobody at home then.III、重点句型学习1. Why are you dressed like that, Eddie?【解析】be/get dressed in+ 颜色/衣服=wear.=be in. = have on 穿着衣服（强调状态） dress up盛装, 打扮, 装饰, 伪装 dress sb./oneself给某人/某人自己穿衣服EX. (1).The Chinese _ in red when they get married. A. dressed B. are dressed C. wear D. are worn2. He was last seen leaving his office at about 7 p.m.【解析】(1) see/hear/watch/notice see sb doing 被动语态- be seen doingI saw her dancing in the classroom yesterday. （被动语态） see sb do sth被动语态 be seen to do sth （改被动语态要加to ）I often see him play the game. （被动语态） EX. (1).He likes watching the goldfish_(swim) around.(2).He is often seen _(play) the guitar. (5).She was heard_(sing) in the room at 9 last night. (6).He was seen_(drive) at the speed of 100 kilometres an hour when the accident happened.(7).The computer programmer was last seen _ (leave) his office in New Town at 7 p.m.【注意】使役动词：注意make/ let的被动用法 （2） leave 的用法: 1) 离开 2) 使.处于某种状态 3) 落下. 4) .剩下EX. “leave”的用法,说出下列句中leave的不同含义。 leave Nanjing leave for Nanjing leave Nanjing for Shanghaileave the baby alone Is there any water left ? leave her my key in my office3.We are particularly interested in hearing form anyone (who saw anything unusual near Upper Street).【解析】be particularly interested in尤其对.感兴趣 especially, specially,particularly辨析 especially 意为“非常地”或“尤其”，通常用于强调某事物，或表示该事物比其他谈论的事物更值得一提或重要，强调程度。It can be especially difficult for drivers to see cyclists at night. I hate interruptions, especially when Im trying to work. specially 表示“专门地”。通常用于表示所做之事因某种特殊目的而异于平常。I have come specially to see you. particularly尤其， 特别，格外，通常指以不同寻常的方式突出某一事物的个性或独特之处，与especially通用。但它更强调与众不同He is particularly good at maths.【练】(1).We are_(particular) grateful to him for his timely help.(2).On Teachers Day, we all went to school _to see our teachers.A especially B specially C special D specific(3).Girls are_ interested in shopping around. A special B especial C specially D especially4. They are still working at the scene of the crime to find out whether the victim was killed somewhere else .or killed at the place where he was found.【解析】注意 只用whether不用if的情况 介词+whether Theyre talking about whether the weather will be fine. whether + to I dont know Whether to go or mot whether.or not Could you tell me whether Jack will come. Whether 置于句首 Whether they will travel abroad is not decided.EX. Have you decided whether _(go) or not?( ) 1.Were not sure _ it will rain or not tomorrow.A. if B. whether C. that D. Why( ) 2.Im not sure _ he will stay at home _ go on a trip this Monday.A why, or B whether, or C if, and D what, or5. Detective Lu said that the victim was attacked with a knife and bled to death as a result. There was also evidence of struggle.6. The victim obviously put up a good fight, said Detective Lu.【解析】与put up有关的短语:eg. put up a good fight 进行（抵抗、斗争等） put up your hands 举起 put up a drawing of the suspect 张贴 put up a good fight against 与.进行斗争eg. We must put up a fight against all difficulties.【拓展】 put on_ put off _ put out _ put away _EX. (1).It is a good habit to _ all your things in correct places. (2010盐城)A. put away B. put up C. put out D. put off(2).Our soldiers _ a brave fight against the enemies.A. broke out B. happened to C. put down D. put up(3). 他和疾病进行了顽强的斗争。 He _the disease(疾病).7. Detective Lu added that the police are now checking the chence for figerprint and clues.【解析】add A to B 给B增加Aeg. If the tea is too strong, add some more hot water. add up to 总计达，加起来总共eg. These figures add up to 367.EX.(1).Traditional Beijing Opera will be _(增加) to the music courses in 200 schools in China. (2).Will you _more sugar _your coffee? A .add; up B. add to; / C. add; to D. add up; / (4). 这个计划你有什么补充吗? Do you have anything _the plan?8. He was charged with breaking into several computer systems over the last year.(L.29)【解析】1）charge sb. with sth./doing sth. 被动语态-sb. be charged with sth. /doing sth.eg. The police charged the man with stealing money. 2）break into闯入.eg. 警察指控他闯入几家电脑系统。EX. (1). The woman _computer crimes before she died. A had been charged with B bad been charged for C had charged with D has been charged for (2).Once the robbers_ his house and_ a lot of money Abroke；brought out of Bbroke down；took away Cbroke out；brought away Dbroke into：took away9. We suppose that the victim knew the attacker.【拓展】1）suppose+that从句,表猜测、假定。eg. I suppose (that) he is twenty. 2) suppose+宾语+to be.,表认为是。如:eg. Most people suppose him to be over 60. 3). 回答：I suppose so./ I suppose not./ I dont suppose so. A : Will he win? B : I suppose so./ I suppose not; I dont suppose so. 4).表示对说话对话的看法或意见的咨询，可用do you think / believe / consider / suppose / expect等句型，也可用于接特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时,特殊疑问词移到主句之首。如: Who do you think will win the game? What do you suppose made her such a famous woman? Which of these machines do you think is the first useful?EX. (1).-“I havent heard from Henry for a long time.” -“What do you suppose _ to him?” A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened (2).Who do you think _ the money? A. to steal B. stealing C. to have stolen D. stole (3).-Will it go on raining tomorrow? - _.There are so many dark clouds in the sky. A. I hope so. B. Im afraid not. C. I suppose so. D. I believe not.10. However, the suspect had evidence to prove that he was at another place at the time of the crime.【解析】prove sth./ prove sth. to be 证实sth. /证明sth.eg. I am unable to prove the truth of what he said. She proved herself to be an able teacher. prove 连系动词 可省去 “to be”直接加形容词、名词eg. What he said proved( to be) right。/ The plan proved (to be) a success.EX. (1).The detective has some evidence _(prove) the suspect was at the scene of the crime. (2). If something is confirmed, it is _. A. not sure B. not true C. proved to be true D. very hard to solve 练习：一单项选择。( )1.My dictionary .I have looked for it everywhere but still it.A.is missing;dont find B.got lost;dont findC.is missing;havent found D.has got lost;havent founded( )2.The police believe that the murder 2 a.m and 4 a.m two days ago. A.happened at B.was happened at C.took place between D.was taken place between( )3.- is your height ? A.How much B.How many C.What D.Which( )4.Why Jim like that ?He looks really strange. A.is;dressed B.does;dressed C.is;wore D.does;put on( )5.Look,your clothes are wet through.It must be raining . A.loudly B.heavily C.clearly D.normally( )6.My pet is missing.If I can get it back,I will . A.offer a reward for information B. offer a reward to information C. offer a reward information D. offer information a reward( )7.It was said the woman was attacked a gun a short man. A.by;by B.with;with C.with;by D.by;with( )8.They played together well. .They won the match. A.As a result of B.At the end C.To the end D.As a result( )9.Our soldiers a brave fight against the enemies. A.broke out B.happened to C.put up D.put down( )10.Yesterday I left my keys in the classroom and I cant find them . A.anywhere;everywhere B.somewhere;anywhere C.somewhere;nowhere D.everywhere;anywhere( )11. -What did Mary _about tomorrows meeting just now?- Sorry, I didnt catch her words. I _about something else. A. talk; was thinkingB. say; was thinking C. speak; thought D. tell; was thought( )12.Dont go out alone at midnight.There may be a risk of . A.being kidnapper B.being robbedC.be kidnapped D.be robbering( )13.-Im lost.Could you tell me ? -Sure.You can take the NO.9 bus to get there.A.where is the nearest post office B.how long itll take to get to the railway stationC.how I can get to the nearest hospital D.how far is the Olympic Village( )14.I hear Jack lives here,but Im not sure .A.which room he lives B.which room he lives inC.which room does he live in D.he lives in which room( )15.I saw a thief into a house and steal something and I the police.A. going; contact B. to go; contactedC. go; called D. going; called二完型填空。 There was a boy who was sent by his parents to a boarding school(寄宿学校). Before he was sent away, the boy was the 1 student in his class. He was at the top in every exam. But the boy changed after 2 home and studying in the boarding school. His grades started to 3 . He hated being in a group. He was lonely all the time. And there were especially dark times when he felt like committing suicide(自杀). All of this was because he felt no one loved him. His parents started to 4 the boy. But they even did not know what was wrong with him. So his father decided to go to the school and talk with him. They sat by the lake near the school. The father started asking him some casual questions about his lessons, teachers and 5 . After some time his father said, “Do you know, son, why Im here today? “To check my 6 ,” the boy replied. “No, no,” his father said. “Im here to tell you that youre the most 7 person for me. I want to see you 8 . I dont care about grades. I care about you. I care about your happiness. Youre my life.” These words caused the boys eyes to be filled with tears. He hugged his father. They didnt say 9 to each other for a long time. Now the boy had everything he wanted. He knew there was someone on the earth who cared for him deeply. And today this young man is at the top of his class in university and no one has ever seen his 10 .( )1. A. laziestB. cleverestC. kindestD. worst( )2. A. comingB. returningC. leavingD. going( )3. A. dropB. increaseC. riseD. turn down( )4. A. look forB. learn fromC. worry aboutD. shout at( )5. A. familyB. friendsC. studyD. students( )6. A. teachersB. friendsC. schoolD. grades( )7. A. famousB. importantC. handsomeD. interesting( )8. A. happyB. seriousC. excellentD. honest( )9. A. everythingB. anybodyC. nothingD. anything( )10. A. illnessB. smileC. happinessD. sadness三词汇运用。（A）根据句意，写出括号内所给单词的适当形式。1.These books are one of the (salesman).Please give them to him.2.The two brothers fought together against their (attack)bravely that night.3. (obvious),the famous player gave up the game unwillingly.4.Several children were burnt to (die) in the fire.5.We are (particular) grateful to him for his