教案2冠词和名词.doc

卓越个性化教学讲义 学生姓名 年级 授课时间 教师姓名 课时 教学课题冠词和名词教学目标熟悉冠词的分类及每种冠词的用法重点难点不定冠词和定冠词的比较、零冠词的用法冠词(article). 概述1. 冠词不能离开名词使用，通常放在名词之前对名词进行限定。2. 冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词两类。不定冠词分为a和an，在以辅音字母开始的名词前用a，在以元音字母开始的名词前用an。定冠词为the。. 不定冠词的用法1. 表示“某一个”。There is a tree near the river.2. 表示“某一类“A girl should learn protect herself./ A tree needs sunshine.3. 用于首次出现的名词前。There is a book on the table. The book is new.4. 用在固定用法和短语中。a couple a quarter a Miss Smith a long time a few in a hurry . 定冠词的用法1. 表示特指“某个或某些“。We all go swimming in the river near my shool.2. 表示“某一类”。The dog is honest to human being.3. 用于第二次出现的名词之前。I bought a book last week. The book is interesting.4. 用于某些形容词前表示某一类人。the rich the poor the old the dead the unemployed the Chinese5. 用于世界上独一无二的事物前。the sun the moon the earth the sky the universe the world 6. 用在序数词前表示顺序。I live on the third floor.7. 用在形容词和副词最高级前。He is the tallest boy in our class.8. 用在乐器名称前。play the piano play the violin 9. 放在姓氏的复数前表示其全家人。The Smiths The Wangs10. 用于固定用法和短语中。in the air on the right by the way in the future. 不用冠词的情况1. 不可数名词在一般情况下不用冠词。Wisdom is better than strength./ Blood is thicker than water.2. 表示交通工具和学科名称的名词前不加冠词。by car by ship by plane on foot English mathematics physics3. 节假日、星期、月份和季节前不加冠词。National Day Childrens Day Sunday September spring4. 某些固定短语和用法中不用冠词。at home in hospital at table make room for in person on fire名词. 概述1. 名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念的词。2. 名词的分类：A. 专有名词(proper noun):表示人或机构场所等特有的名词。Laura, Europe普通名词(common noun):表示人或事物的名词。desk, army, love.B. 可数名词(countable noun)不可数名词(uncountable noun). 名词的数1. 名词复数的规则变化词尾变化方法例词一般情况加-sbird-birds, shop-shops, lake-lakess, x, z, sh, ch加-eschurch-churches, dish-dishes, class-classes, box-boxes, quiz-quizzes辅音字母+y变y为i再esfactory-factories, fly-flies, family-families, baby-babieso加-estomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, Negro-Negroes, mosquito-mosquitoes, echo-echoes-f或-fe变-f或-fe为v再加esleaf-leaves, thief- thieves, shelf-shelves, knife-knives, life-lves, haf-halves, loaf-loaves, self-selves, wolf-wolves, calf-calves, wife-wives有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词复数只加-s,读作/s/。belief-beliefs cliff-cliffs gulf-gulfs proof-proofs reef-reefs chief-chiefs roofroofs有些以-y结尾的专有名词的复数直接加-s。 HenryHenrys boyboys 有些以辅音字母+o结尾的名词复数直接加-s。 pianopianos photo-photos memomenos solosolos 以-oo或元音字母加-o为结尾的词也只加-s。 bamboo-bamboos radioradios ratioratios studiostudios zoozoos videovideos kangarookangaroos cuckoocuckoos2. 名词复数的不规则变化A. toothteeth footfeet goosegeese oxoxen mousemice womanwomen manmen childchildren louseliceB. 单复同形 cattle buffalo sheep means Chinese Japanese Swiss deer giraffe fish shark craft yuan series species C. datumdata mediummedia crisiscrises analysisanalyses thesistheses phenomenonphenomena D. 学科名称，疾病名称或某些活动名称以-s结尾，但常作为单数使用。news mathematics physics politics rabies E. 有些名词为自然复数名词trousers glasses scales pants jeans stairs remains fireworks clothes goods greens 3. 不可数名词的数不可数名词通常没有复数形式，需要借助单位词来表示一定的数量。a piece of paper a cup of coffee a glass of water a bar of soapa piece of advice a ray of hop 4. 集体名词的数Almost every family in the village owns a television.All his family enjoy swimming.常见的集合名词： government enemy club audience army class5. 专有名词的数There are eight Toms in our school.The Greens are coming to dinner. 名词所有格 名词所有格分为两种形式：s 和of1. s属格的构成单词形式构成方式举例普通单数名词在词尾加sLucys book my mothers bag词尾已有-s的复数名词在词尾加the boys basketball 词尾不带-s的复数名词在词尾加sChildrens Day mens room复合名词在最后一个词尾加sthe editor-in-chiefs office表示几个词共同所有在最后一个词尾加sMary and Toms books笔试几个词各自所有在每个词后加sMarys and Toms books2. of 属格的用法of属格多用于无生命的东西。 the name of the song, the roof of the church选用那种形式不是一成不变的，当表示有生命的名词本身带有定语时，要用of属格。 What is the name of the girl sitting near the door?3. 双重属格(of+ s)双重属格of后边的名词一般都表示人，表示此人的某件东西的一个，而不强调所属关系。a friend of mine a photo of Lucys 1. There are some _ on the hill.A. sheeps B. a sheep C. sheep D. sheepes2. Apple is a word. A. five-letter B. five-letters C. fives-letters D. five3. How much are the _ ? A. bread B. meats. C. potatos D. tomatoes4. All the in the hospital got a rise yesterday. A. women doctors B. woman doctors C. women doctor D. woman doctor 5. The class ( ) listening to their teacher carefully. A. is B.are C./ D. was6. His trousers in his suitcase. A. is always kept B. are kept always C. are always kept D. have always been 7. The young couple bought for their living room. A. some new furniture B. some new furnitures C. many new furniture D. many new furnitures 8. Mr Black often gives us _ by Email.A. some good information B. some good informations C. good informations D. a good information9. There are some new books in the school library. They are _ books.A. child B. childrens C. children D. childrens10. Mathematics easy to learn. A. is B. are C. can D. feels 11. The doctor checked up both Wangs hearts. A. father-in-laws and his brother-in-laws B. fathers-in-law and his brothers-in-law C. father-in-law and his brother-in-law D. father-in-lawsand his brother-in-laws 12. The woman over there is . A. Julia and Mary mother B. Julia and Marys mother C. Julias and Marys mother D. Julias and Mary mother 13. His article is better than in the class. A. anyones else B. anyone else C. anyones elses D. anyone elses14. How many _ are there in your class ? A. Japanese B. American C. Australian D. Canadian15. I found my black cat in_ room.A. Jim and Mike B. Jim and Mikes C. Jims and Mikes D. Jims and Mike16. There are _ and _ on the table. A. two boxes cake; four bottle of oranges B. two boxes cake; four bottle of orange C. two boxes of cakes; four bottles of orange D. two box of cakes; four bottles of oranges 17. _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using18. Please remember to give the horse some tree_.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave19. -Can we have some _? -Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear20.On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato1.1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake2 We need some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. potatoe3 _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using4 What big_ the tiger has!A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes5 Please remember to give the horse some tree_. A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave6 -Can we have some _? -Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C.apple D. pear7 On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato21 -Would you like_tea? -No, thanks. I h