专业四级写作指南.doc

写作包括两部分，一是要求在35分钟内写一篇200字左右的短文，二是要求在10分钟内写一个50-60字的便条。这两部分均为命题作文，作文内容与大学生的日常生活、学习都密切相关，另外也有社会热点问题，比如环保、旅游、健身等，题目理解起来都比较容易。短文写作部分文体为议论文，一般采用三段式的结构，第一段为论点，第二段为论据，第三段为结论。最高要求为文章内容切题，思想表达清楚，论据充分，论证严密，基本无语言错误。要想写好一篇文章，应该注意一下写作步骤：1. 审题：作文评分的第一个要求就是内容切题，因此审题特别关键。专业四级作文都是命题作文，而且多有中文提示或提纲，所以你首先应了解命题的基本要求，理解题目的真正意图，然后确定提纲中的关键词及各要点间的逻辑，整理自己的思路，对自己所想到的内容进行组织和全面安排。尤其对要讨论的问题，该涉及的内容，所需的事实、例证、阐述、说明和总结等，在头脑中形成一个整体的构思。2. 组织段落：构思好之后，根据构思的提纲，运用选好的材料，恰当地运用连词，合理安排段落，使文章条理清楚、内容连贯。段落的组织主要是通过扩展句对主题句的支持或说明来进行的。各段的主题句在审题构思时就应基本形成，主题句确定下来，接着就是通过一系列的扩展句，来说明、论证或阐述主题句的思想。常见的段落展开方法有列举、举例、比较和对比、因果、叙述、归类、下定义等，考试时应灵活运用。3.修改：也就是说要删除与主题不相干的内容，检查句子时态、语态等。特别应注意单词的正确拼写；字母大小写和标点符号；数的一致性（包括主语与谓语以及名词与其限定语的单复数一致性）；指代关系（包括指代的一致性和代词的选用）；动词形式（时态、语态、语气）等方面。关于考试过程中短文写作的时间分配问题。我们知道，短文写作的时间为35分钟, 要力争写完写好, 这就要求考生做到有条不紊，忙而不乱，充分发挥自己应有的水平。建议按照如下的方案分配时间: 审题12分钟；组织素材, 细节和关键词: 45分钟； 起草: 2025分钟；修改定稿: 45分钟。最后要说明的是，从某种意义上来说，专业四级考试作文有其固定的写作格式、结构，而对于固定的题型，有固定不变的表达法。因此，大家有理由相信只要训练方法得当，搞好写作是不难的。大家不妨试试多背范文和常用句型，包括各类型作文的开头、结尾句、中间展开、过渡句，以及比较、图表说明等的常用句型和表达法，然后自己多动笔写一写，只要按这样的方法进行练习，相信在一定时间内就可以在写作上取得满意的分数。因为是三段式作文，写作的时候一定注意第一段提出的论点要简洁明了，开门见山；第二段的论据要能充分说明论点，论证条理清楚；第三段的结论要水到渠成，切忌草率，严谨完整的结尾是取得高分的保证。便条写作最主要的是注意格式正确，交待清楚，比如请柬、贺信、道歉函等，要注意称呼、正文、签名等的格式，一定要把相关的时间、地点、原因及主要事件内容交待清楚。小作文范文：1.邀请便条： 发出邀请aApril 20, 2008 Dear Fiona,I am going to hold a dinner party with several other friends of ours. The party will be held in Room 6 of Lijing Hotel at 5:00 p.m. today, I sincerely hope you can attend and we will have a very happy time together. Please let me know whether you can make it.Yours,Amelia发出邀请bApril 20, 2008 Dear Fiona,Here is a piece of good news for you. The * will give a performance in the * tomorrow evening. I am sure that you will be happy to watch it .The performance will begin at seven oclock sharp. I will wait for you at the theater entrance. Please let me know whether you can make it at your earliest convenience.Yours,Amelia发出邀请cApril 20, 2008 Dear Professor Zhou, I am Amelia from class 052; I need you to give me some suggestion on my project. If it doesnt trouble you too much, shall we have a meet at your office tomorrow? Time is up to you.Respectful yours,Amelia发出邀请d（通知）April 20, 2008Dear girls and boys in Class 0403,This Saturday evening, from 7 p.m. to 9 p. m., at Singeing dining hall, there will be a ball held by Class 0301. We warmly invite you to take part in it. There you can enjoy yourselves with dance, music and various games. And well have a chance of communication, which will enhance the friendship between us. Come and enjoy ourselves together.Yours,MikeMonitor of Class 0301接受邀请April 20, 2008 Dear Amelia,Its so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to come. I will go to the place right after I finish my work at about 5 p.m. this evening. (如果是办在家里：I shall be very happy to call at your house right after I finish my work at 6:30 this evening.) Thank you again for your wonderful hospitality and I am looking forward to seeing you soon.Yours,Fiona拒绝邀请April 20, 2008 Dear Amelia， Its so kind of you to invite me to the dinner party, I would like to but I have a meeting to attend this evening, please give my best regards to them all and I hope my absence will not cause you any serious inconvenience, have fun.Yours,Amelia2请假条 April 20, 2008 Dear Ms. Jiang,I am terribly sorry that I shall be unable to attend this morning two periods of English Class （Im terribly sorry to apply for ten days leave from the Aug. 23rd to Sep. 3rd）due to a bad cold and high fever. I will show you the certificate from the doctor to support my application. I will go back to school as soon as I recover.（I promise I will do my best to catch the missed lessons on after I come back.）Wish for your allowance.Yours respectfully,Amelia3请求便条a讲清事情的因由（为什么请求）b请求行为c请求实现方式d致谢套句：请求帮助： Would you do me a favor? Would you be so kind as to?/ Could I trouble you to send this book for me?/ I wonder if you would tell me?/ If it is not too troublesome, could you?/ I hope this request will not trouble you too much.请求允许：Please give me a few more days./May I have a look at your dictionary? / Would you mind if I opened the window? / I wonder if I could open the door. / Would it be possible to have a talk with you?请求做事(要求与暗示)：Lets go to the bookstore this afternoon./ I want to have a look at your book. / I wish you could/ I would like ask you to clean the room./ You are making a big mess./ I feel a bit hungry now. What time is it now?范文：April 20，2008Dear Professor Hu,I am very happy to have the chance to listen to your lecture on “American Literature”. But it is a pity that I was late that day due to an accident on my way to the lecture and failed to get the handout. Your lecture is really instructive for my English study, so I wonder if you could kindly e-mail the handout to the address: .Heartfelt thanks.Respectfully yours,melia4抱怨投诉便条(关键词complain, dissatisfaction)a抱怨投诉行为b投诉内容具体描述c要求弥补纠正赔偿d抱怨投诉者对弥补纠正赔偿等的敦促或威胁套句：行为描述Im writing to bring your attention to the problems I have had with Heres the problem解决方式的要求：It would be very kind( considerate) of you toaddress this problem soon. / take steps to rectify this situation soon. / turn it down a little? / 敦促或威胁: Frankly, I really cant put up with the situation any more. You must rectify the situation, or I will take it to the court. / If you cant give me a satisfactory answer, I will complain it to the Consumer Association.范文：April 20，2008Dear Sir or Madam,I went to your store to buy a Radio watch last Sunday. When I mentioned the high price, the No. 5 saleswoman replied in a sarcastic tone, “You can go ahead and buy a cheap fake from other stores”. She didnt know how to treat a prospective buyer! I hope you can improve your service and give me a face-to-face apology. My telephone number isSincerely yours,Amelia5.道歉便条a道歉的行为与内容，b具体理由，c弥补方法，d进一步致歉。套句：道歉行为： Im writing to show my apology for/ I would like to express my apologies for not being able to/Im sorry to say that Ive not finished reading it through, and have to keep it until next Sunday. / Excuse me for my delaying in turning in my assignment.道歉理由：I had a minor accident./ I had a minor operation.弥补纠正及其承诺：I am sure I can make up the loss by/ I promise it will never happen again. / It would be very kind(considerate) of you to give me another chance to( to give me another two days进一步致歉： Many apologies. / Do please forgive me.范文：April 20，2008Dear Fiona,I am writing to you to apologize for the abrupt way I departed just after the exams finished. It was terribly rude of me to have left without saying good-bye to you. The fact is that I was so excited when I learned I had passed the exams with high marks that I couldnt wait to get home and tell my parents. I am sure you will understand my feelings. Please accept my sincere apology, and with you a really happy holiday.Yours truthfully,AmeliaApril 20，2008Dear Fiona, I am sorry I missed seeing you yesterday. I know that you must have been disappointed. I also feel worried and anxious in my heart. The fact is that my manager at the last moment asked me to prepare an urgent plan while I could not get to a phone to call you and yesterday I have worked late until about 8:30 p. m. I am terribly sorry. However, I would like to ask you out this weekend to make up for yesterday. Please give me a chance and I am waiting for your reply.Sincerely yours,Amelia Dear Fiona,I imagine that you must be enjoying your birthday party today. I write this letter to offer my heartiest congratulations and best wishes for many returns of the day. It is a great pity that I cannot be with you. But remember I am thinking of you all the time. I hope that all your years to come will be twice as happy and as merry as those past.Please accept the small gift I am sending you as a token of my best wishes for your happy birthday.Sincerely yours,Amelia6祝贺a.祝贺内容b表示祝贺c积极评价d忠心祝福（再次祝贺祝福未来）套句：祝贺之事和自己的反应： Im so happy to learn that youve just passed your thesis defense. / Im so pleased to hear that youve got the admission by the Cambridge University to further your graduate study. 祝贺行为: Please accept my warmest congratulations. 对成功的评价和对对方的钦佩；You really deserve it because/ This meant years of your hard work, and its an achievement you can well be proud of. / I have been appreciating your excellent performance in study and ability in your work. 美好祝愿； You will have a brilliant future. / I believe our school life will be more colorful under your leadership. / I believe that the knowledge youve acquired will enable you to be successful in whatever aspect of life. Congratulations again and all good wishes for your future study.范文：April 20，2008Dear Shirly,I am so excited to learn that youve been admitted by Shanghai International Studies University as a graduate. Warm congratulations on the realization of your dream. This has meant years of your hard work, and you can really be proud of it. Your success is really an encouragement to me and I wish we can meet there next year, Best wishes to you.Yours,Amelia7.致谢便条：套句：致谢内容，交代感谢原因：I am writing to tell you how much I enjoyed the weekend in your village./ / I am writing to express my appreciation for all that you did for me during my visit in Shanghai. / I am writing to tell you how much I appreciate your hospitality. Thank you so much for your assistance/ for the information your gave us. 进一步解释对方的帮助给自己带来的好处，再次致谢， 回馈承诺Please accept my warmest thanks,I hope I have the chance to reciprocate your kindness. 范文：April 20，2008Dear Peter,Im writing to show my gratitude for your invitation to your birthday party. That was a really wonderful party. I appreciate your considerate arrangement and wonderful performance you had prepared. And it also offered me a chance to meet many old friends. I really enjoyed that night and I do hope you will have a wonderful life.Yours,Amelia Dear Professor Chen,It is just three weeks since I consulted you on how to write a research paper and Id like to assure you that I really appreciate your help.Your advice has been very valuable, and I have read the books recommended by you with gratifying results. I have finished my research paper, and I owe it to your help. I would like to express my gratitude, along with my best wishes.Respectful yoursAmelia8留言条谁？时间？ 什么事情？ 要求？范文：Apr. 20，2008Dear Yang,A Mr. Liu Bing called you this morning but you were not in. He wanted to meet you this coming Saturday, 9 a.m., at the university gate. If that is not convenient for you, you are requested to ring him up at any time evening from 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. at 123454576.Yours,AmeliaApr. 20，2008Dear Fiona,This afternoon, I came to your dormitory to return” Gone with the Wind” that you had kindly lent me last week. Unfortunately, you were not here and your roommates seemed to be out as well. I had no choice but to take the book back. I wonder if you could contract with me anytime in the evening so that I could find appropriate time to visit you.Sincerely yours,Amelia9广告（ 求购与转让）转让求购的理由。 I will graduate soon. / To improve my listening comprehension, I. ? In need of money for an emergent affair, I would like to sell my computer. 转让求购行为和内容。I have a computer for sale. / Before I leave this college, Id like to sell my computer. / I want to buy a secondhand walkman to study English. / In need of money, I want to sell my lovely bag at a low price. 转让/求购事物的具体状况。The car is still in good condition. / I just bought it last month, and it can work perfectly well.转让/求购的价格商定。I can pay it for at most 50 yuan. / I will charge only 200 for it.范文：Offer to Buy April 20, 2008Dear boys and girls,I badly need a ticket for postgraduate entrance examination instruction by the New Oriental School. If you have one to sale, Id like to pay it for twice the original price, for I have been longing for it and hence have canceled my trip to Hong Kong. Call me at 1234567; my cell phone will be on for 24 hours.Yours,AmeliaOffer to sellApril 20, 2008Dear Schoolmates,Im a four-year student from the English Department. In two weeks, I will graduate from this university. Ive decided not to bring my bike with me when I leave. So Id like to part with it, and sell it to someone who might need it. It is half new, dark and light. With curved bars, it is mainly for ladys use. As far as the price is concerned, Id like to sell it for eighty yuan. Those interested in it can come and have a look at it before making a decision.Add: Room 402, Student Dormitory Building No. 5Tel: 166888910.申请April 20, 2008Dear Sirs:I have learned from the newspaper that there is a vacancy for a teacher of English during the summer vacation. I wish to be considered as an applicant for the position. Enclosed is my resume. I would be greatly grateful if you would grant me a chance for an interview.Respectfully yours, AmeliaApplying for Studying in a UniversityDear Sir,I am seeking an opportunity to study English in your university after my graduation from the Foreign Language Department of Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, the Peoples Republic of China next year. Please inform me of the application procedure for admission. I intend to support myself financially during the period of my study in your university. I should be grateful if you would kindly let me have the details concerning the eligibility of a student from a foreign country for any scholarship in your English department.I am looking forward to your reply in due time.Yours faithfully, Amelia11.失物招领LoseGentlemen,I took the last bus (No. 406) home last night and got off at Zhejiang Wanli University. After arriving home, I noticed that I had left my bag on the bus. It is a black bag made of leather with a zipper. Inside are some books, a bunch of keys and my photos.If you happen to find the above bag, would you kindly let me know about it?My address: Room 321, Dormitory Building Eight, DMUMy phone number: 4720123Loser, AmeliaApril 20, 2008 FoundI happened to find a bag on the playground yesterday afternoon, in which there are some books, a pencil box and a watch. The loser is expected to come to the office of Foreign Language Department to claim it. The phone number is 4729646.Finder, AmeliaMarch 8, 2000 12.咨询：Dear Sir,I am a freshman of Wanli University and am greatly interested in registering your club membership. So I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information about the qualification fees, available facilities and activities, and other relative details. I am looking forward to your early reply. Thanks in advance.Yours,Amelia英语专业四级考试（TEM4）语法和词汇（Vocabulary & Grammar）答题方法近年来专业四级考试中Grammar and Vocabulary部分中，50%为词汇、词组和短语的用法，约50%为语法结构。该题在总分中虽占分不多,但作为测试考生英语水平之基础,它对于TEM4中所有题项影响之大是众所周知的，因为任何一门外语的学习均始于词汇和语法，且对于词汇数量及其深度的掌握程度在一定意义上反应一个人的英语水平。因此，掌握词汇和语法对于在TEM4中取得好成绩显得尤为重要。综观这近几年考题，可发现：1语法考题的涉及面宽，近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类；三种动词的非谓语形式；各种从句及关系词的用法；动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法；独立主格，主谓一致，倒装，强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。2语法考试的重点突出，语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现，如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。3具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况1）虚拟语气的考点为：would ratherthat从句一般过去时：It is vital necessary important urgent imperative desirable advisable natural essentialthat动词原形；It is timeabout timehigh timethat一般过去时：proposalsuggestionthat动词原形；lestthatshould动词原形；if onlythatwould动词原形。2）状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even ifso，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；justhardly.when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as.as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。3）独立主格结构多以逻辑主语分词的形式出现。4）情态动词多与完成时形式连用。5）定语从句重点考查介词关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。专业四级考试的词汇部分要求考生能灵活正确运用教学大纲语法结构表一至四级的全部内容，熟练掌握教学大纲词汇表中一至四级规定的50006000个认知词汇及其最基本的搭配。其考查重点为：1动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popularpatientwith；yieldsolutionadapttransferaccessto；accuserequireof；chargefor；underdiscussion等等。2习惯用法如：confess toset aboutbe used todoing；be supposed tohavemake sbdo等。3由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。4单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。5介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，nonenothingbut等词在考题中的出现。语法和词汇的复习思路：1全面掌握基本语法点，重点记住各个项目中的“偏，特，难”点。2掌握常用习惯用法和词组。3注意在阅读中培养语感，因为在语篇层次上培养的语感往往可以直接帮助答题。4研究以往考试试题，适当做些练习记住典型题例。专四语法重点总结(适合短时间提高)一代数名词数词 在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称 2everyone后面不可以跟of短语everyone就可以 3以名词/动名词+介词（短语）/形容词/副词/动词不定式构成的复合名词，它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以man或者woman+名词构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数,不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如：hom