Unit1Abrushwiththelaw.ppt

Unit1ABrushWiththelaw Contents I Warm upQuestionsII KeyWords ExpressionsIII BackgroundInformationIV GlobalreadingV DetailedreadingVI Exercises I Warm upquestions 1 Whatdoyouthinkisthepurposeoflaw tomaintainpeaceandordertoprotecttherightsofcitizenstosecurejusticeandtopunishwrong doers2 Doyouthinkthateveryoneisequalintheeyesofthelaw notthelawthatistoblamelawmaybeunjustlyappliedincertainsituations II Keywordsandexpressions brushn 小冲突 小接触haveabrushwithsbunder inthecircumstances在这种情况下 既然如此under innocircumstances在任何情况下都不Innocircumstancesmustasoldierleavehispost 3 subsequent n 接下来的 subsequentfatesubsequentto n在 之后subsequenttomarriage 4 counterculture 反主流文化counter prefix前缀反对 相反 回击 对应e g counterattack 反攻 反击counterrevolution 反革命counterintelligence 反情报counterpart 相对应的人或物 5 Magistrates地方法官Magistrates court 地方法庭InEngland amagistrateisapersonappointedtotryminoroffences InEngland everydistricthasamagistrates court Itisthelowestcourtoflaw Themagistrates courtcanonlytrypeopleforminor i e notveryserious offences Itcannotgiveprisonsentencestotalingmorethan12months norcanitorderfinesofmorethan 400foroneoffence 6 Lawyer Solicitor Barrister Lawyer 律师thegeneraltermforanyonewhoseworkistoadvisehisclientsaboutthelawandrepresentthemincourt Solicitor s lisit n初级律师alawyerwhogivesadvice appearsinlowercourts andpreparescasesforabarristertoargueinahighercourt Lawyer Solicitor Barrister Barrister b rist n 出庭律师alawyerwhohastherightofspeakingandarguinginthehighercourtsoflaw 7 dismissdismissthechargesagainstsb 驳回对某人的指控dismisssb fromajob forsth 因 解雇某人dismisstheclass下课8 award v 授予 奖励 判给awardsbsthawardsthtosbHewasawardeddamagesof 50000 他判得损害赔偿金五万美金 Thejudgesawardedbothfinalistsequalpoints 裁判判定决赛双方得分相等 award reward这两个动词均有 给予奖励 之意 award强调指官方或经正式研究裁决后对有功者或竞赛优胜者所给予的奖励 reward指所给予的奖励 也可指为某事付酬金 Thejudgealargesumofmoneytothosehurtintheexplosion Hegavethechildrensomechocolateto themforbehavingwell Shewantedto thecleanersfortheirefforts cf ed ful ive respecteda 受人尊敬的respectfula 尊敬别人的respectivea 各自的 分别的respectivelyadv 分别地respectingprep 关于 至于 9 given prep 考虑到 假定given n given that clauseGiventhecircumstances you vecopedwiththeproblemwellenough Giventhatnoneofyourfriendsofferedyouanyhelpwhenyouwereintrouble whatwouldyouthinkofthem Backgroundinformation BeforeReading 2 1 TheSixties YouthCounterculture 六十年代的 青年反主流文化 1 Theconceptof counterculture Theword counterculture wascoinedinthe1960sfortheattitudesandlifestylesofmanyyoungpeoplewhorejectedconventionalsocialvaluesanddemandedmorepersonalfreedom 2 Countries U S Britain France otherwesterncountries 3 Time fromthe1960stothelate1970s 4 Behaviorrejectedconventionalsocialvalues lookedfornewlifestyle anddemandedmorepersonalfreedomindulgedinsex drugs alcohol rockmusicwearinglonghair unusualclothes BeforeReading 2 1 1 Theword counterculture wascoinedinthe1960sfortheattitudesandlifestylesofmanyyoungpeoplewhorejectedconventionalsocialvaluesanddemandedmorepersonalfreedom ThecounterculturefirstaroseintheU S duringthe1960sandsoonspreadtoBritain Franceandotherwesterncountries TheseyoungpeoplewereopposedtotheVietnamWaranddissatisfiedwiththeexistingstateofaffairsintheirsociety Yet unabletofindamoreconstructivewayofstrugglingagainstthese theyindulgedthemselvesinsex drugs alcoholandrockmusicandtookgreatprideinwearinglonghairandunusualclothesandintakingupanythingthatwasunconventional Thecounterculturedeclinedinthelate1970s BeforeReading 3 1 Hippy Hippie 1 Time thelate1960s 2 Countries U S Canada U K someothercountries 3 Behavior nonviolentanarchyconcernfortheenvironmentrejectionofWesternmaterialismbeingdressedinunusualclotheslivingingrouptogethertakingdrugs Hippie memberofayouthmovementofthelate1960s wascharacterizedbynonviolentanarchy concernfortheenvironment andrejectionofWesternmaterialism ThehippiemovementstartedintheUnitedStatesandthenspreadtoCanada theUnitedKingdom andmanyothercountries Thehippiesformedapoliticallyoutspoken antiwar artisticallyprolificcountercultureinNorthAmericaandEurope Thehippieswereusuallydressedinunusualclothesandlivedingrouptogetherandtookdrugs MiddleclassInBritain Itreferstotheclassofpeoplebetweenthenobilityandtheworkingclass Itincludesprofessionalmen suchasdoctors lawyersandarchitects bankers ownersofbusinessandsmallgentry 2 IntheUnitedStates Itreferstotheclassofpeoplebetweentheverywealthyclassandtheclassofunskilledlaborersandunemployedpeople Itincludesbusinessmen professionalpeople officeworkers andmanyskilledworkers GlobalReading Whattypeisthetext AnarrationBdescriptionCexpositionDargumentation Whatpatternisthetextorganizedin Aproblem solutionBcause effectCgeneral specificDtime sequence 记叙文amovie描述文apicture说明文alecture议论文adebate 问题 解决因果总 分时间 顺序 5W softhestory when where who whatwhy Streets policestation court Februaryabout12yearsago Ayoungman 19 asuccessfulstudentwaitingtogotouniversity respectablemiddle classparents bitofantisocial thenarrator sarbitraryarrestandrelease AfterReading 4 1 Rearrangetheorder GlobalReading 1 PartDivisionoftheText MainIdeas Paragraphs Parts 1 1 2 2 20 3 21 22 Thenarratorhasoncebeenintroublewiththelaw whichwasaratherunpleasantexperience Thenarratorwasarbitrarilyarrestedandreleased Thenarratorbelievesthatifhehadcomefromadifferentbackground hewouldhavebeenfoundguilty 3 Hewaslookingforajobsothathecouldmakesomemoneytopayforhistuition GlobeReading 2 1 TrueorFalse 1 ThestorytookplaceoneFebruaryinthe1960sinBritain T F HewasnotgoingtouniversityuntilthefollowingOctober 2 Thenarratorwasa19 year oldcollegestudentatthetime F Hewantedtosaveupsomemoneytogotraveling GlobeReading 1 2 Hewasarrestedbyapolicemanwhilehewasstealingmilkbottlesfromdoorsteps Hedidn tstealanymilkbottles Hewasarrestedbecausethepolicemanthoughthehadtheintentionofstealingmilkbottles F 4 Thepolicemenlethimgoafterhegaveaclearexplanation Thepolicementookhimtothepolicestationandquestionedhimforseveralhours HewasnotallowedtoleavethestationuntilhewasofficiallychargedandtoldtoreporttoRichmondMagistrates CourtthefollowingMonday F 5 GlobeReading 1 2 Thenarratordefendedhimselfsosuccessfullyincourtthatthemagistratesfoundhim notguilty immediatelyafterhearinghisdefence 6 Thenarratorwasshockedtofindthathisreleasefromthechargewaschieflyduetohis right accentandhismiddle classfamilybackground Thenarratorwantedtodefendhimselfincourt buthisfatherwouldn tallowhimtodoso Instead hehiredaverygoodsolicitorwhoconductedthedefenseincourt F 7 Thepolicemanwhohadarrestedthenarratorwasangrywiththecourt sdecision Hewasnothappythatanotheryoungsterhadbeenturnedagainstthepoliceandwishedthatthenarratorcouldhavebeenabitmorehelpfulintheincident F 8 T DetailedReading Article S Ayoungmanfindsthatstrollingalongthestreetswithoutanobviouspurposecanleadtotroublewiththelaw Onemisunderstandingleadstoanotheruntileventuallyheendsupincourt Ihaveonlyoncebeenintroublewiththelaw Thewholeprocessofbeingarrestedandtakentocourtwasaratherunpleasantexperienceatthetime butitmakesagoodstorynow Whatmakesitratherdisturbingwasthearbitrarycircumstancesbothofmyarrestandmysubsequentfateincourt IthappenedinFebruaryabouttwelveyearsago IhadleftschoolacoupleofmonthsbeforethatandwasnotduetogotouniversityuntilthefollowingOctober Iwasstilllivingathomeatthetime Article1 2 S ABrushwiththeLaw Para 1Thewholeprocessofbeingarrestedandtakentocourtwasaratherunpleasantexperienceatthetime butitmakesagoodstorynow 1 Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheincidentatthetimeitoccurred Whatdoeshethinkofitnow 2 Whatdoes it referto Para 1Whatmakesitratherdisturbingwasthearbitrarycircumstancesbothofmyarrestandmysubsequentfateincourt 1 解析 在本句中 主语是what引导的名词性从句 What又做从句中的主语 Whatmattersmostisgoodhealth 2 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 这次经历可恼之处是围绕我的被捕以及随后在法庭上的受审所出现的种种武断情形 duea 1 预期的 约定的ThetrainfromBeijingisdueat2 30 ThenexttraintoNanjingisduetoleaveatten 2 tobepaidorreturned应付的 到期的Whenistherentdue HebooksareduetodaybutIwanttorenewsomeofthem cf be dueto n v ing be causedby由于 起因 Article3 S OnemorningIwasinRichmond asuburbofLondonnearwhereIlived IwaslookingforatemporaryjobsothatIcouldsaveupsomemoneytogotravelling AsitwasafinedayandIwasinnohurry Iwastakingmytime lookinginshopwindows strollinginthepark andsometimesjuststoppingandlookingaroundme Itmusthavebeenthisobviousaimlessnessthatledtomydownfall Para 3AsitwasafinedayandIwasinnohurry Iwastakingmytime lookinginshopwindows strollinginthepark andsometimesjuststoppingandlookingaroundme 解析 作者用了几个并列的分词短语 栩栩如生的描绘出自己当时闲散的状态 由于天气晴朗 当时又无急事 我便慢悠悠看看橱窗 逛逛公园 有时干脆停下脚步 四处张望 Para 3Itmusthavebeenthisobviousaimlessnessthatledtomydownfall Paraphrasethesentence I msuremyarrestwastheresultofmywanderinginthestreetswithoutanydefinitepurpose Article4 8 S Itwasabouthalfpastelevenwhenithappened Iwasjustwalkingoutofthelocallibrary havingunsuccessfullysoughtemploymentthere whenIsawamanwalkingacrosstheroadwiththeobviousintentionoftalkingtome Ithoughthewasgoingtoaskmethetime Instead hesaidhewasapoliceofficerandhewasarrestingme AtfirstIthoughtitwassomekindofjoke Butthenanotherpolicemanappeared thistimeinuniform andIwasleftinnodoubt Butwhatfor Iasked Wanderingwithintenttocommitanarrestableoffence hesaid Whatoffence Iasked Theft hesaid Para 4Butthenanotherpolicemanappeared thistimeinuniform andIwasleftinnodoubt Whatcanweinferfromthissentence A Thesecondpolicemanwaswearinguniformwhilethefirstonewasintheordinaryclothes B Thenarratorbecamequitecertainoftheseriousnessofthematter Itwasnojokeandthepolicemenmeantbusiness Theftofwhat Iasked Milkbottles hesaid andwithaperfectlystraightfacetoo Oh Isaid Itturnedouttherehadbeenalotofpettytheftsinthearea particularlythatofstealingmilkbottlesfromdoorsteps ThenImademybigmistake AtthetimeIwasnineteen hadlonguntidyhair andregardedmyselfaspartofthesixties youthcounterculture Asaresult Iwantedtoappearcoolandunconcernedwiththeincident soIsaid Howlonghaveyoubeenfollowingme inthemostcasualandconversationaltoneIcouldmanage Ithusappearedtothemtobequitefamiliarwiththissortofsituation anditconfirmedthemintheirbeliefthatIwasathoroughlydisreputablecharacter Afewminuteslaterapolicecararrived Getintheback theysaid Putyourhandsonthebackofthefrontseatanddon tmovethem 请注意 turnout的三种常见句型 a turnout tobe 形容词 名词eg TheEnglishcornerturnedouttobesuccessful asuccess 英语角结果很成功 b It turnout that从句或其他名词性从句eg Itturnoutthatheisathoroughimposter 原来他是一个彻头彻尾的骗子 c Asitturnsout多指 人们后来发现 碰巧 等意思eg Asitturnedout thespeakerwasshouteddownbytheangrycrowd 结果那位演说者被愤怒的人群轰了下去 15 regard as consider 视为 看作 认为 e g Iregardhimasmybestfriend Einsteinisregardedbymanyasthegreatestscientistofthetwentiethcentury inthisregard 在这点上withregardto 关于 asregards 关于 至于 regardlessof 不顾 不管 Para 13ThenImademybigmistake Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying Imademybigmistake Theauthormeansthatheshouldnothaveappearedsocoolandunconcernedabouttheincidentandshouldnothaveconsideredhimselftobepartofthesixties youthcounter culture Alltheseconfirmedthepolice ssuspicionthathewasathoroughlydisreputableperson Para 13inthemostcasualandconversationaltoneIcouldmanage Whatdoestheauthormeanbythissentence Hewastryingtosoundasunconcernedandinformalashecould Para 13Ithusappearedtothemtobequitefamiliarwiththissortofsituation anditconfirmedthemintheirbeliefthatIwasathoroughlydisreputablecharacter 1 Whatdo thissortofsituation and it referto Thissortofsituation referstothesituationinwhichoneisconfrontedwiththepolice It refersto appearingtothemtobequitefamiliarwiththissortofsituation 2 TranslatethesentenceintoChinese 这样一来 在他们眼里 我就像是非常熟悉这一套的了 也使他们更加相信我是一个地地道道的坏蛋 Article16 18 S Theygotinoneithersideofme Itwasn tfunnyanymore Atthepolicestationtheyquestionedmeforseveralhours Icontinuedtotrytolookworldlyandaufaitwiththesituation WhentheyaskedmewhatIhadbeendoing ItoldthemI dbeenlookingforajob Aha Icouldseethemthinking unemployed Eventually IwasofficiallychargedandtoldtoreporttoRichmondMagistrates CourtthefollowingMonday Thentheyletmego Article19 S Iwantedtoconductmyowndefenceincourt butassoonasmyfatherfoundoutwhathadhappened hehiredaverygoodsolicitor WewentalongthatMondayarmedwithallkindsofwitnesses includingmyEnglishteacherfromschoolasacharacterwitness Buthewasnevercalledontogiveevidence My trial didn tgetthatfar Themagistratedismissedthecaseafterfifteenminutes Iwasfree Thepoorpolicehadneverstoodachance Thesolicitorevensucceededingettingcostsawardedagainstthepolice Para 19My trial didn tgetthatfar Themagistratedismissedthecaseafterfifteenminutes Iwasfree Thepoorpolicehadneverstoodachance Thesolicitorevensucceededingettingcostsawardedagainstthepolice Whatdoestheauthormeanbythephrase thatfar Mytrialendedbeforeitreachedthestagewhenthewitnesseswouldbecalledontogiveevidence Para 19Thesolicitorevensucceededingettingcostsawardedagainstthepolice 句子解析 在介词短语中包含一个使役动词get的用法 getsthdone使某人做某事 against表示对某人不利 Whopaidforthecostofthecase Thesolicitorgotthemagistratetomakethedecisionthattheexpensesofthecaseshouldbepaidbythepolice AndsoIdonothaveacriminalrecord Butwhatwasmostshockingatthetimewasthethingsmyreleasefromthechargesoclearlydependedon Ihadthe right accent respectablemiddle classparentsincourt reliablewitnesses andIcouldobviouslyaffordaverygoodsolicitor Giventheobscurenatureofthecharge IfeelsurethatifIhadcomefromadifferentbackground andhadreallybeenunemployed thereiseverychancethatIwouldhavebeenfoundguilty Whileaskingforcoststobeawarded mysolicitor scasequiteobviouslyrevolvedaroundthefactthatIhada brilliantacademicrecord Para 20Ihadthe right accent respectablemiddle classparentsincourt reliablewitnesses Whatcanweinferfrom rightaccent Rightaccent provesthatthenarratorwaswell educated Para 20Giventheobscurenatureofthecharge IfeelsurethatifIhadcomefromadifferentbackground andhadreallybeenunemployed thereiseverychancethatIwouldhavebeenfoundguilty 1 Whatdoes theobscurenatureofthecharge referto Thechargeagainsttheauthor wanderingalongthestreetwithintenttostealmilkbottlesfromdoorsteps wasveryvagueandunclear 2 Canyoufindanyexpressionswehavelearnedthataresimilarinmeaningto thereiseverychance itislikelythat chancesarethat given的用法 a 作介词表示 考虑到 就 而言 等 连接让步状语 同ifonetakesintoaccount considering asfaras isconcerned等b 表示 在有 的情况下 如果有 等为过去分词 引出短语做状语 同ifallowed providedwith Para 20Whileaskingforcoststobeawarded mysolicitor scasequiteobviouslyrevolvedaroundthefactthatIhada brilliantacademicrecord 1 case 一词此处不是 病例 案件 情况 等意 而是 主张 声明 论据 或 诉讼之一方所陈述之事实 理由 2 当我的律师要求赔偿诉讼费时 他的辩词很显然紧紧围绕着我 学业优异 这一事实上 Article21 22 S Meanwhile justoutsidethecourtroom oneofthepolicemenwhohadarrestedmewasgloomilycomplainingtomymotherthatanotheryoungsterhadbeenturnedagainstthepolice Youcouldhavebeenabitmorehelpfulwhenwearrestedyou hesaidtomereproachfully Whatdidhemean PresumablythatIshouldhavelookedoutragedandsaidsomethinglike Lookhere doyouknowwhoyou retalkingto Iamahighlysuccessfulstudentwithabrilliantacademicrecord Howdareyouarrestme Thenthey presumably wouldhaveapologized perhapseventakenofftheircaps andletmeonmyway Para 20 Youcouldhavebeenabitmorehelpfulwhenwearrestedyou hesaidtomereproachfully 1 Whatdoes abitmorehelpful mean Abitmorehelpful meansthatthenarratorshouldhavearguedwithorturnedagainstthepolicemanwhenhewasarrested 2 Whydidthepolicemansayitreproachfully Becausethepolicehadfailedinthecaseandhadtopayforit Para 21Thenthey presumably wouldhaveapologized perhapseventakenofftheircaps andletmeonmyway 1 Whatdoesthephrase takeoffone scap mean Toshowrespectoradmirationfor sb BeforeReading 5 Theauthorwhowrotethisarticlewantstotelleverybodythat thechiefpurposeoflawaretomaintainpeaceandorder toprotecttherightsofcitizens tosecurejusticeandtopunishthosewrong doers Butinfact aperson sfamilybackgroundandsocialstatusandhiseducationallevelwillaffecttheimplementofthelawtoagreatextent Whatcanyoulearnfromthepassage 通过作者出入法庭的过程 揭露资本主义制度下执法的任意性 以家世地位取人的虚伪性 提醒学生注意成长过程中的青春困惑期 不可随意行事 AfterReading 1 1 1 与法律发生冲突 2 一次不愉快的经历 3 相当扰人的 4 之后的命运 5 临时工作 6 存钱 7 不紧不慢 8 带着明显的意图 beintroublewiththelaw anunpleasantexperience ratherdisturbing subsequentfate atemporaryjob saveupmoney innohurry takeone stime withtheobviousintention UsefulExpressions BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading 11 板着脸 12 对 熟悉 13 坚定了某人的信念 14 被官方起诉 15 自我辩护 withaperfectlystraightface befamiliarwith confirmsb inone sbelief beofficiallycharged conductmyowndefence 9 警察 10 犯要被逮捕的小罪 apoliceofficer commitanarrestableoffence 16 不受理案子 dismissthecase AfterReading 1 3 BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading 17 有机会 18 犯罪记录 19 免于起诉 21 很有可能 22 围绕 23 优秀的学业记录 standachance criminalrecord releasefromthecharge thereiseverychance revolveround abrilliantacademicrecord 24 放了我 20 可靠的证人 letmeonmyway areliablewitness AfterReading 3 SummaryWriting BeforeReading GlobalReading DetailedReading AfterReading Theauthornarrateshisunpleasantexperienceofbeingarrestedandtakentocourttwelveyearsago Thepolicemenarrestedhimsimplybecausetheyfoundhim 留一头蓬乱的长发并在街上漫无目的地漫游 andtheythoughthemight 有偷窃奶瓶的企图 fromdoorsteps Finallyhewasreleasedfromthechargebecauseofhis right accent 体面的中产阶级的双亲 可靠的证人 andhisverygoodsolicitor Buttheauthorfeelssurethat 如果他出身在另一种背景的家庭里 并且真的是失业了 themagistratewouldmostprobably 判他有罪 hisreliablewitnesses 的话 Ifhehadcomefromadifferentbackgroundandhadreallybeenunemployed havefoundhimguilty I 1 accent2 turn against3 acoupleof4 takeshistime5 fate6 confirmed7 witness8 subsequent9 standsachance10 trialIV Structure请注意 turnout的用法 这一短语相当于系动词 它有三种常见句型 a turnout tobe 形容词 名词eg TheEnglishcornerturnedouttobesuccessful asuccess 英语角结果很成功 b It turnout that从句或其他名词性从句eg Itturnoutthatheisathoroughimposter 原来他是一个彻头彻尾的骗子 c Asitturnsout多指 人们后来发现 碰巧 等意思eg Asitturnedout thespeakerwasshouteddownbytheangrycrowd 结果那位演说者被愤怒的人群轰了下去 1 Itturnedoutthathismethodsdidn tworkatall 2 Itturnedoutthatthenecklacewasnotmadeofdiamond butofglass 3 Itturnedoutthatthe lost moneyhadbeeninthesafeallthetime 4 Itturnedoutthattheexperimentwasmuchmoredifficultthantheyhadsupposed 5 Ithasturnedoutthatyournephewisthemostsuitablepersonforthejob 6 Tohissurprise itturnedoutthatthefashionableyoungladyhespoketowasapickpocket given的用法 a 作介词表示 考虑到 就 而言 等 连接让步状语 同ifonetakesintoaccount considering asfaras isconcerned等b 表示 在有 的情况下 如果有 等为过去分词 引出短语做状语 同ifallowed providedwith1 itwasindeedamiraclethathehaddonesomuchinsoshortatime 2 theyoungpeoplehavedoneagoodjob 3 xminusfourissix 4 hecanfinishthewor