改错这一类型在CET六级考试中占有重要的地位.doc

改错这一类型在CET六级考试中占有重要的地位。根据大学英语六级考试大纲规定，综合改错(Error Correction)共10题，考试时间15分钟，在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约200词)中有10行标有题号，每行有一个错误(不含拼写或标点错误)。这种篇章型的短文改错形式，与传统的句子改错相比，难度增大。这部分试题主要测试学生的英语综合表达能力，要求学生在全面理解内容的基础上，根据上、下文增添、删去或改正某一个词(或词组)，使短文意思连贯，结构正确。具体答题方法如下： 改正将文中错词用斜线(/)划去，在后面横线上填入正确的词，表示替换该错词。 （请注意我们文章里面用的是periods这种横线，考试应该划斜线的） 删去在文中将错词用斜线(/)划去，在后面横线上也划一斜线(/)，表示该错词是多余的。 增添在文中两词间加“”号，表示有遗漏，然后在横线上添入遗漏的词的正确形式。例 -Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. timeMany of the arguments having used for the study of literature 2. /as a school subject are valid for study of television. 3. thel 题型范例与分析大学英语六级改错是六级考试不同于其他英语水平考试的一种特殊形式。它之所以备受出题者的青睐，是因为它需要考生对英语具备相当高的综合能力。考生的得分率往往不高。无论语法、词汇、理解还是惯用法都能成为改错的对象，因此考生要在改错方面取得好成绩必须具备较好的语言基础知识(词汇、短语和语法)和相当的语言综合运用能力(词义、词形、词性、句型、结构、固定短语等)。为了让考生迅速熟悉六级改错的题型并掌握解改错题的基本方法，这里以一篇六级改错真题和一篇六级改错模拟题为例，详细讨论六级改错的题型特点，并加以归纳、总结，使考生对六级改错有全面的了解，掌握解题思路和技巧，不至于考试时看到一道改错题，觉得无从下手。ONE Living is risky. Crossing the road, driving a car, flying,swallowing an aspirin tablet or eating a chicken sandwichtheycan all be fatal. Clearly some risks worth taking, especially 71._when the rewards are high: a man surrounded by flames and smoke generally considers that jumping out of a second floor window is an acceptable risk to save its life. But in medicine a 72._few procedures, drugs, operations or tests are really a matter of 73._life and death. There may be sound medicine reasons for ac- 74. _cepting electrical shock treatment, but such reasons are totally dependent in the balance of risks and benefits for the patients. 75. _ Surgery for cancer may cure or prolong a life, but the re-moval of tonsils(扁桃体)cannot save anything a sore throat. 76. _Blood pressure drugs definitely help some people live after a heart attack, but these same drugs may be both necessary and 77. _ harmful for those with only mild blood pressure problems.Deciding how much discomfort and risk we are preparing to 78._put up with in the name of better health is a high personal mat- 79. _ter, not a decision we should remain to doctors alone. 80. _注释71 risks worth are本句有一个由“when”引导的时间状语从句。主句“Clearly some risks worth taking”缺少谓语动词。worth是形容词，一般用于短语“be worth doing”(值得做某事)。原句中错把worth当成动词，漏掉了一个系动词are。72 its his本句比较长，首先分析其结构：a man是主语；“surrounded by smoke”是分词的后置定语；considers是主要谓语动词；that引导宾语从句；从句中“jumpingwindow”是动名词做主语；is是系动词；“an acceptable risk”是表语；to save its life是risk的定语。此句意为：“一个被火焰和浓烟包围的人一般认为跳出二楼窗户是救他的命的一个可以承受的冒险办法。”因而这里life指的是这个人的life，代词its用错了，要改为his。这属于代词与先行词一致性方面的错误。73 are really not本句语法上没有错误，但是从上下文的理解来看，本句应是否定含义，不是肯定含义。从句首的“But”转折连词判断，上文提到跳窗户救命是关系生死的大事，但是在医学上，一些实验、程序等等却不是关系生死的事情。“a matter of life and death”是“涉及生死的事情”。此处属于篇章理解错误。74 medicine medical此处是词性错误。medicine是名词“医学、医药”的意思，不能用来修饰后面的名词reasons,因而要改成形容词medical。75 in on此处是固定搭配错误。depend on：依靠。dependent是depend的形容词形式。dependent on：依靠的。76 anything a but“cannot save anything a sore throat”句意不通顺，anything和a sore throat(喉咙痛)是两个名词短语，不能叠用，中间根据句意应加上一个but。全句译为：切除扁桃体只能治喉咙痛。这属于连接词错误。77 necessary unnecessary本句属于篇章理解错误。necessary and harmful构成一对矛盾，因而要把表示正面含义的necessary变成表示负面含义的unnecessary。78 preparing prepared“be prepared to do ”是固定短语，意思是“准备做某事”，相当于“be ready to do ”。这里prepared作形容词用。“be preparing”只能解释为进行时态，很显然这里不应用进行时态。put up with：承受、忍受。79 high highlyhigh是形容词，后面personal也是形容词，形容词不能修饰另一个形容词，因而把high变成highly。副词可以修饰形容词。这属于词性错误。80 remain leaveremain：保持、仍然，是一个表示状态的动词，其用法和系动词“be”相似，后面所接成分一般是名词或形容词，作表语。例如：He remains silent all through the night.leave是“留下，留给”的意思，是及物动词。leave sth.to sb：把某物留给某人。例如：Please leave the reference book to me.本句很明显是leave to 的句型，所以应把remain改成leave。这是易混词错误。根据以上改错真题分析可以看出，错误类型主要有篇章理解错误(73、77)，词性错误(71、74、79)，固定搭配错误(75、78)，代词与先行词一致性方面的错误(72)，易混词错误(80)，连接词错误(76)。TWO Punctuality(准时) means observing(遵守) regular or ap-pointed time. A man who gets up at seven oclock every morn-ing is punctual. A man who has permitted to call on a friend at 71. _ five oclock in the afternoon and actually does such at that hour 72. _is also punctual.Punctuality is a good habit, and unpunctuality is a bad one. A few minutes delay may not be a serious matter. 73. _But it may have bad results. Getting up five minutes later than usually may upset the plan of the day. 74. _Call on a friend five minutes later than the appointed time may 75. _cause him some unexpected trouble. Nevertheless, habitual un- 76._ punctuality leads to indolence(懒惰) and even failure in life. One delay after another makes a man unable to exert himself. It also proves him be untrustworthy. 77._Those who are unpunctual should try their best to get rid from their bad habit. In doing this, they should avoid making 78. _any kind of exception. They should ever say to themselves:“A 79._ few minutes delay does not matter this time. I shall never be unpunctual again.” Those who think in this way will find excus-es for delay from time to time, and will at least give up the at-tempt cultivating the good habit of punctuality. 80. _Like all other good habits, punctuality becomes second na-ture with those who have duly cultivated it.注释71 permitted promisedpermit作为动词，是“允许”的意思，常用于词组permit sb. to do sth.：允许某人做某事。根据上下文，此处应译为：“一个许诺下午五点钟拜访一位朋友，而事实上也做到了这一点的人是准时的”。这里所表达的意思是“许诺”，不是“允许”，应用promise,并且promise to do sth.是“许诺做某事”的意思，从语法上也符合。此句是易混词错误。72 such sosuch和so的共同点在于两者都是代词，都是“这样”的意思。区别在于such不能单独代替某成份，而so可以独立代替前文所提及的事。如此句中does such a thing = does so,但是does such却不符合语法。本句属于代词误用错误。73 minutes minutes本句中minutes是名词，不能直接修饰后面的名词delay，应该用名词所有格形式，改成minutes。这属于词性错误。74 usually usualusually是副词，意思是“通常地”。这里five minutes later than usual中的“ than usual”是固定搭配。usual的类似用法还有as usual(和平常一样)。这是固定搭配错误。75 Call Calling/To call本句主语是一个动词短语，但是动词短语做主语时，其中的动词只能用动名词或不定式的形式，因而把Call改成Calling或To call。此句属于非谓语动词错误。76 Nevertheless MoreoverNevertheless作为连词，表示转折，意思是“然而，但是”。根据上下文理解，这里应是一个递进关系，不是转折关系。前一句是“迟到五分钟会给他带来预想不到的麻烦”，后一句说“经常不准时导致懒惰和失败”，因而是更进一步说明的递进关系，须把nevertheless改成moreover。这是连接词错误。77 him be to“prove sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意思是“证明某人做某事”。原句缺少不定式标志to。这属于固定搭配的错误。 78 from of“get rid of”是固定搭配，意思是“摆脱”。用from是错误用法，应把它改成“of”。这属于固定搭配错误。79 ever never本句属于篇章理解方面的错误。根据上下文，此句应是否定句。上文说“他们应该避免有任何例外”，下文说“这样想的人总会为他们的迟到找借口”，因而此句作者要表达的意思是“他们不应该这样说”，所以要把ever改成never。80 cultivating to cultivatecultivate意思是“培养”，这里做名词attempt的定语。“attempt （n.） to do sth.”意思是“做某事的尝试/努力”，应用不定式做后置定语。此句属于非谓语动词错误。从以上改错模拟题的分析，可以看出，主要错误类型有易混词错误(71)，代词误用错误(72)，词性错误(73)，固定搭配错误(74、77、78)，非谓语动词错误(75、80)，连接词错误(76)。综合以上二篇改错考题的分析，我们可以看到，很难说出全部错误类型，因为无论是语法或词汇等方面小的细节还是篇章理解等大的方面都能成为改错的对象。由于考生不仅要理解单个句子，更需要理解上下文逻辑关系或其发展的脉络，才能进行判断和订正，所以，综合改错的难度超越了词汇本身测试的难度。另外，综合改错题的设计兼有句子改错题及完形填空题的双重特点。句子改错题的特点是：测试语言知识，四个划线部分必有一错。完形填空题的特点是：测试篇章能力为主，每个空格有四个选项，仅择其一。而综合改错题的特点是含错误项的句子中，由于错项与其他干扰项没有单独用横线标出，因此错误项和正确项互相干扰，难以把握。此外，综合改错题不象完形填空题那样给出备选的正确答案，对大多数考生来说，正确地判断并改正错误是相当难的。 但是，尽管很难把改错题完全分类，这并不意味着无规则可循。经过对各类考试以及历年考题的分析、总结，我们归纳出九种主要错误类型。虽然这九个类型并不能代表所有的错误类型，但是它们能为广大考生提供思考问题的方法，使他们在做改错题时，能够有的放矢，准确迅速地找到并改正错误。 五短文改错试题类编此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断。如无错误，在该行右边横线上划一个勾()；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。 NMET 2003 北京春季Many teachers worry about the effects of televisions on youngpeople.According to studies,any children spend more time76._watching television than they spend in school.Because so77._much viewing,children may not be develop the habit of78._read and the ability to enjoy themselves.No one worries79._much about the radio program young people listen to,80._although radios can be very noise.Teachers also wonder about81._the effects of television commercials.On one year the 82._average child will see 25 000 television commercials,all83._planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want84._things that they dont real need.85._答案解析76.答案：把any改为many或some解析：此题考查代词的用法。根据复数children可确定应用many或some。any用于肯定句时，后接单数名词。77.答案：在because后加of解析：此题考查惯用法。because of后接名词或代词。78.答案：去掉not 后的be解析：此题考查动词的用法。develop是行为动词，不与动词be连用。79.答案：把read改为reading解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。of后接动名词作宾语。80.答案：把program改为programs解析：此题考查名词单复数的用法。program是可数名词，要用复数形式。81.答案：把noise改为noisy解析：此题考查形容词的用法。be后接形容词。82.答案：把On改为In解析：此题考查介词的用法。表示在某年要用介词in。83.答案：此行没错误。解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。84.答案：去掉want前的to解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。make后接不带to的不定式作宾补。85.答案：把real改为really解析：此题考查副词的用法。要用副词修饰动词。 NMET 2002Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,its famous76._mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.The weather77._was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of78._the mountain.The three of them were very excited.As we79._climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys,visiting temples80._and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture81._since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly82._Evening came down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top83._of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my85._head touched the pillow.答案解析76.答案：在its和famous之间加不定冠词a解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。mountain是可数名词，这里是泛指，所以要加不定冠词a。77.答案：该行无错误解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。78.答案：在noon和we之间加when解析：此题考查连词的基本用法。It was about noon和we arrived at the foot of the mountain都是简单句，必须用复合连词when把它们连接起来，构成时间状语从句。79.答案：把them改为us解析：此题考查代词的用法。这篇短文叙述了作者和他的父母亲一起去旅游，这里指的是“我们”，而不是“他们”。80.答案：把visiting改为visited解析：此题考查动词时态。并列连词and连接的是三个谓语：fed,visited和told。81.答案：把picture改为pictures解析：此题考查名词的数。picture是可数名词，从下文中since the scenery was so beautiful可以看出，作者拍了不止一张照片。所以要用复数。82.答案：把passes改为passed解析：此题考查动词时态。作者和他父母亲旅游的时间发生在过去（last week），所以要用一般过去时。83.答案：划掉came后的down解析：此题考查副词的用法。Evening came的意思是，到了夜晚。不能用came down。84.答案：把and改为but解析：此题考查连词的基本用法。食物贵（The food was expensive）与服务好（the service was good）之间是转折关系，不是并列关系。85.答案：划掉asleep和the moment之间的at解析：此题考查介词的用法。the moment (that)可以引导时间状语从句，意思是“一就”，前面不用介词at。在这个句子中，省略了that。 NMET 2002 北京What should you do when your parents become angry? If your76._parents got mad,try to have a conversation with them.77._about it.Remembering not to shout at them.They usually78._will try to change,but they will take some time because79._they get angry all their life,and that is all they know.You80._might have to change for your method a couple of times.81._Do any nice things for your parents that they dont expect82._like cooking,doing the dishes,washing clothes,or clean83._the floor.If this doesnt work,bring in friend that you 84._feel comfortable,and have him or her help you.85._答案解析76.答案：该行无错解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。这是一个特殊疑问句，What should you do是主语，when your parents become angry是时间状语从句。两个句子的主谓宾（主系表）都没有错误。77.答案：把got改为get解析：此题考查动词时态。从短文所用的时态可以看出，这里要用一般现在时，表示经常发生的动作。78.答案：把Remembering改为Remember解析：此题考查动词的用法。这是一个祈使句，要用动词原形开头。79.答案：把they改为it解析：此题考查代词的用法。这个句子的结构是：it指代to change作主语。80.答案：把life改为lives解析：此题考查名词的数。life当“一生”讲时，是可数名词。物主代词是their，所以要用复数。81.答案：划掉change与your之间的for解析：此题考查介词的用法。change是及物动词，后面直接接宾语。82.答案：把any改为some解析：此题考查形容词的用法。any作形容词用于肯定句时，后接单数名词，意思是“任何的”。some后接复数名词，意思是“一些”。83.答案：把clean改为cleaning解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。or连接三个动名词cooking,doing和cleaning作like的宾语。84.答案：在bring in和friend之间加不定冠词a解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。friend是可数名词，根据下文中的him or her可以确定这里是单数，所以要加不定冠词a。85.答案：在comfortable后面加with解析：此题考查介词的用法。这是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替a friend在定语从句中作介词with的宾语。 NMET 2002北京春季My brother Tom was very selfish when he was a little boy.He did not want share things with other people.For76._example,when he bought a chocolate cake,he put them77._in a secret place where I couldnt find.Then he78._ate it all,by himself.He never helped other.79._He said he is busy.That is,a game of80._tennis making him very busy.He did not care81._if something he did made people angry.For82._instance,on one night he played strong and83._loudly music till four o clock in the morning.But84._he is difference now.He often helps grandma with85._housework,helps mom with cooking and helpshis classmates with their lessons.答案解析76.答案：在want和share之间加to解析：此题考查动词不定式的用法。want后接to do sth.作宾语。77.答案：把them改为it解析：此题考查代词的用法。it指代a chocolate cake。78.答案：把where改为which或that或划掉解析：此题考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。place在定语从句中作find的宾语，所以不能用关系副词where。79.答案：把other改为others解析：此题考查代词的用法。other做代词，指代其他人，用复数形式。80.答案：把busy前的is改为was解析：此题考查动词时态。这是一个宾语从句，主句用了一般过去时，所以宾语从句中的谓语也要用一般过去时。81.答案：把making改为made解析：此题考查动词的用法。made在句子中作谓语。82.答案：该行无错解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。if something he did made people angry作care的宾语。没有错误。83.答案：划掉one night前的on解析：此题考查介词的用法。one night的意思是“一天夜里”，前面不用加介词。84.答案：把loudly改为loud解析：此题考查形容词的用法。形容词做名词music的定语。85.答案：把difference改为different解析：此题考查形容词的用法。形容词作系动词is的表语。 NMET 2001Like most of my schoolmates,I have neither brothers nor76._sistersin any other words,I am an only child.My parents77._love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure78._that I get a good education.They did not want me to do79._any work at family; they want me to devote all my time to80._my studies so that Ill get good marks in all my subject.We81._may be one family and live under a same roof,but we do82._not seem to get much time to talk about together.It looks83._as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.Do they84._really understand their own daughter? What things are in85._other homes,I wonder.答案解析76.答案：此行无错解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。该句结构完整。没有错误。77.答案：划掉in与other之间的any解析：此题考查短语的用法。in other words的意思是“换句话说”，是固定搭配。78.答案：在can和make之间加to解析：此题考查动词不定式的用法。to make sure that 在句中作目的状语。79.答案：把did改为do解析：此题考查动词时态。根据全篇的时态可以确定这里应用一般现在时。80.答案：把family改为home解析：此题考查单词的词义。at home的意思是“在家”。family的意思是“家庭”。81.答案：把subject改为subjects解析：此题考查名词的数。all后接可数名词复数。82.答案：把a改为the解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。在same前一般用定冠词the。83.答案：划掉talk与together之间的about解析：此题考查动词的用法。talk about的意思是“谈论某事”，后接名词或代词。84.答案：把and改为or解析：此题考查连词的用法。这个句子的意思是“这看上去似乎我的父母亲把我当成了参观者或客人。”在visitor和guest选取其一。85.答案：把What改为How解析：此题考查副词的用法。这句话的意思是“我想知道其他家里的情况是什么样的。” NMET 2001北京春季I used to love science classall of them86._biology,chemistry,geography,physics.I think I87._liked those classes because I felt that it helped me88._understand what the world works.For example,when89._I was a child,the rain was mystery (奥秘).In one90._class,I learned it rained.I think science classes 91._clear up mysteries.But then there is always more92._mysteries look into.What was my least favourite class?93._That was math.After learn the basics of the subject,94._nothing else seemed very practically to me.I never 95._saw how I could use it in my daily life.答案解析86.答案：把class改为classes解析：此题考查名词的数。根据all of them可以确定class要用复数形式。87.答案：没有错误解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。前半句由四个名词构成，没有错误；后半句I think I和下一行构成完整的句子。88.答案：把it改为they解析：此题考查代词的用法。they指代classes。89.答案：把what改为how解析：此题考查从句的连接词的用法。what在宾语从句中作宾语，而这个句子中的谓语动词works是一个不及物动词，后面不接宾语。90.答案：划掉rain前的定冠词the解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。rain在这里是泛指。91.答案：在learned与it rained中间加why解析：此题考查从句的连接词的用法。这句话的意思是“我知道了为什么下雨。”92.答案：把is改为are解析：此题考查主谓一致。这是一个存在句，从下行中的mysteries可知，要用系动词are。93.答案：在mysteries与look into中间加to解析：此题考查动词不定式的用法。to look into作mysteries的定语。94.答案：把learn改为learning解析：此题考查非谓语动词。在介词后要用动名词作宾语。95.答案：把practically改为practical解析：此题考查形容词的用法。seemed是系动词，后接形容词作表语。 NMET 2000The day before the speech contest (比赛),English teacher86._talked to me.She said that she and my schoolmate all 87._wished me success,but it didnt matter that I would88._win or not.When I was on the stage the next day,I felt so89._nervous as I shook like a leaf.There were so many people90._present! Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacher in91._the crowd.She was smiling but nodding at me.I remembered92._her words and calm down.I did a good job and won the first93._prize.Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.94._Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher.95._答案解析86.答案：在English teacher前加my解析：此题考查物主代词的用法。从上下文的内容可知，这里指的是“我的英语老师”。87.答案：把schoolmate改为schoolmates解析：此题考查名词的数。班里的同学不止一个。88.答案：把that改为whether解析：此题考查连词的用法。在含有or not的宾语从句中，要用连词whether。89.答案：该行无错解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。When I was on the stage the next day是时间状语从句，没有错误。90.答案：把as改为that解析：此题考查so that的用法。so that构成结果状语从句。91.答案：划掉sight前的冠词a解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。sight是不可数名词，不和不定冠词a连用。caught sight of的意思是“看见”。92.答案：把but改为and解析：此题考查连词的用法。从句意可知，smiling和nodding是并列关系。93.答案：把calm改为calmed解析：此题考查动词时态。and连接两个谓语动词。根据连词的并列关系可确定应用一般过去时。94.答案：把is改为are解析：此题考查保持主谓一致。my picture and the prize表示复数。95.答案：划掉will后的often解析：此题考查副词的用法。often常与一般现在时连用。 NMET 2000北京春季Dear Peter,Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday 86._party on Sunday.Id like very much come but 87._I had an examination on Monday morning.It is 88._a very important exam but I cant afford to89._fail it.Ill spend all the whole weekend reading90._and pr