完形填空解题技巧及练习.doc

高考完形填空专项训练步步高 抓好三方面跨好三大步做好三结合 -谈完形填空解题技巧 中学生在做完形填空题时存在的问题，概括起来有以下三方面： 1.不善于抓文章的主旨大意，并以此为中心展开对整篇文章的推理、判断，导致理解上出现偏差，甚至和文章的中心相悻。 2.容易受定势思维的影响，对文意分析不透，忽视特定语境中知识的运用。 3.对完形填空题怀有厌倦、畏惧心理，以至做题时处于应付状态，做题能力得不到提高。 那么，怎样才能提高做完形填空题的能力呢？我们应从以下三方面入手训练思维能力和解题技巧：抓准主旨、透析文意、理清逻辑。并在做题过程中把这三方面与做完形填空的三大步骤“通读、精读、复读”有机结合，明确每步的思维主攻方向。即抓好三方面，跨好三大步，做好三结合。 一、通读短文抓主旨 一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。借助于首尾句给予的启示，克服不良心理的影响，满怀信心，全神贯注，目光越过空格，注意能体现文章大意的关键词句，尽力从整体上理解短文大意，这是逐空填词的重要依据和基础。如果一开始就忙于见空填空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，无法形成连贯的思路，只见树木不见森林，理解偏离文章的中心，造成顾，此失彼的错误，甚至影响做题速度。 抓住了文章的主旨大意后，我们围绕主旨大意去阅读、预测、推理、判断，往往会收到事半功倍的效果。尤其是一些干扰性强，容易使人犯想当然错误的选项就会迎刃而解。 二、精读短文析文意 在基本抓住文章的主旨后，应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境做深人的理解，克服“定势思维”，根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，逐项填空。切不可以单纯的词汇辨析或语法角度去做题，而应以能否恰如其分地表达文意作为选择最佳答案的唯一标准。要吃透文意，理解到位，我们应做到以下几点： 1.从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。就题论题，断章取义，忽视上下文的信息提示是我们常犯的错误。因此我们在做题时要注重暗含的信息提示，找准突破口，确保文意畅通。 2.从词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。NMET完形填空题中考查词汇意义及用法、惯用法和搭配的题目逐年增多，必须结合上下文把握文意，研读细节，准确认定语境，才能做好这类题目。 3.从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑，挖掘文章的寓意及隐含意义。尤其是NMET完形填空短文大都包含一定的哲理和寓意，具备深层探询的可能性，这就要求我们既要明确表层意义，还要理解其深层含义。而结合我们已有的生活常识和社会常识去做题，则会有意想不到的效果，因为每个人的能力不是单一的。 4.从英汉两种语言的差异角度去考虑，避免错误。因为我们在英语学习过程中往往伴随“心译”过程，而出题者则会从母语的角度设置干扰项，在做题时一定要意识到这一点，不要受母语影响，借助平时学习中培养起来的语感，灵活处理。 总之，在逐项填空时应根据全文大意和词不离句，句不离文的原则，把上下文的意思、句法结构、词类和语法功能、惯用法、逻辑推理常识等各种因素加在一起综合考虑，仔细推敲，选中答案。 三、复读全文再检验 在做完一篇完形填空后，文章完整了，应从头至尾读一遍，根据复读的语感和对整篇短文的理解，再次将较明显的错误改正，个别需要推敲的再做调整，力争尽可能少出错。 另外，要做好完形填空，除了具备扎实的基础知识和快速阅读及理解的能力外，良好的心理素质和思维品质也至关重要。我们在平时训练时不能忽视对后者的训练。在具体的操作中应注意以下的问题：1）看清上下文，找准定位词充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如：1. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous2）通顺逻辑，寻求搭配注意固定的搭配，包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如：Heres a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped himself_ so much money.A. for B. by C. to D. of3）扎实基础，搞清辨异在此类试题的命制上，往往是以同类的词为主，我们不需要去进行具体的辨析，但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断。如：Soon I heard a_ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet. A. sound B. cry C. voice D. shoutWhen the papers were _she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly A. examined B. completed C. marked D. answered 4）看清执行者，确定所选词And video cameras can be used topeoples actions at home.A. keep B. make C. record D. watch5）寻求上下逻辑，从容确定关系It has been many years since I was last in London_ still remember something that happened during that visit.A. and B. for C. but D. as6）了解生活常识，确定相关知识(Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to thehospital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D. nearest第一节 完形填空1（共20小题；每小题1 分，满分20分）A beggar lived near the kings palace. One day the king was giving a great 21 . Anyone dressed in royal (高贵的) clothes was invited. The beggar felt sad and then he came up to the guard at the 22 , asking to speak to the king. “ 23 here,” the guard answered. In a few minutes, he was 24 and led the beggar in. “I want to attend your party, but I have no royal clothes to wear. Please, sir, may I have some of your 25 clothes?” he said to the king. The king smiled and said to his 26 , “Dress him in some of your clothes.” Soon the beggar was standing 27 a mirror, dressed in clothes he had never dared hope for. “You can attend the party now,” said the prince. “And you will 28 need any other clothes. These clothes will last forever.” The beggar 29 the prince. As he was about to 30 , he saw his dirty rags (破布) on the floor. What if he would 31 them again? Quickly, he gathered them up. The party was great, but the beggar couldnt 32 himself. He had made a bundle (包袱) of his old rags and it 33 falling off. The foods were passed 34 and he missed most of them. Time proved that the prince was 35 . The royal clothes lasted forever. 36 , the beggar grew fonder and fonder of his old rags and carried them everywhere. Gradually, people 37 the royal clothes he was wearing. They even spoke of him as the old man with the rags. One day as he lay dying, the king 38 him. The beggar saw the sad look on the kings face when he saw the bundle of rags by the 39 . Suddenly, the beggar 40 the rags had cost him a lifetime of true royalty. 21. A. partyB. lectureC. playD. present22. A. streetB. gateC. meetingD. station23. A. LookB. ListenC. RestD. Wait24. A. confidentB. happyC. backD. gone25. A. expensiveB. cheapC. cleanD. old26. A. soldierB. daughterC. sonD. guest27. A. besideB. underC. onD. before28. A. neverB. seldomC. sometimesD. always29. A. likedB. thankedC. paidD. refused30. A. leaveB. talkC. eatD. sit31. A. sellB. mendC. washD. need32. A. enjoyB. improveC. understandD. save33. A. stoppedB. keptC. plannedD. tried34. A. quicklyB. finallyC. unfortunatelyD. carefully35. A. famousB. rightC. simpleD. necessary36. A. Instead B. Therefore C. However D. Besides37. A. changedB. threwC. lostD. forgot38. A. helpedB. trustedC. visitedD. missed39. A. treeB. bedC. doorD. yard40. A. expectedB. showedC. realizedD. reported21-40 ABDCD CDABA DABAB CDCBC完形填空2（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分） During Christmas break from college, a young man wanted to borrow his fathers car to drive to a New Years Eve 1 to be held in Vermont. The father was 2 about the son hitting one of the roadblocks that people set up all over the place on New Years Eve. The 3 that was reached was that the son would be allowed to use the car, but he would not drink at all. So he drove to Vermont, got completely 4 and attempted to drive home. On the way home he hit a roadblock. He was told to 5 the car and stand in a line of people that were being given the infamous sobriety(not drunk) 6 . However, the policeman 7 him out. He was 8 standing off to the side while the others were 9 the police officer how well they could walk a 10 line, etc. At 7:00 a.m., his father got up to answer the 11 . There were 12 policemen there. They asked him if he was the 13 of that red FIAT. He replied, Yes, I am, One of the policemen asked him if he was driving the car the evening before and he said that his son had been the driver. When the young man 14 himself in front of the policemen, he knew he was in some sort of 15 . Upon questioning, he 16 that he was driving the car,but when asked if he had been 17 , he said,No! When the policemen asked if he could see his car, he was unable to remember the 18 . He said that it was in the garage. And when the four of them walked out to look at the car，instead of looking at the car he had driven the 19 before, they saw a 20 car parked there.1. A. party B. meeting C. concert D. sports meeting2. A. sure B. worried C. curious D. anxious3. A. suggestion B. condition C. conclusion D. agreement4. A. excited B. tired C. pleased D. drunk5. A. stop B. get out of C. drive D. get into6. A. punishment B. test C. education D. talk7. A. gave B. made C. missed D. found8. A. considered B. required C. suggested D. left9. A. showing B. explaining C. asking D. telling10. A. long B. straight C. calm D. direct11. A. telephone B. call C. doorbell D. question12. A. many B. two C. four D. one13. A. manager B. father C. student D. ownerl4. A. stood B. found C. put D. took15. A. danger B. test C. trouble D. accident16. A. believed B. told C. admitted D. said17. A. driving B. hurting C. drinking D. missingl8. A. drive B. test C. time D. line19. A. day B. morning C. night D. aftemoon20. A. similar B. familiar C. police D. damaged 1.A最佳【分析】通读全文可知，惟有出席“party”才能有事后的醉酒。 2.B最佳【分析】由句意可知，父亲“担忧”儿子撞路障被罚。 3.D最佳【分析】reach an agreement意为“达成协定”。父亲允许儿子用车，但要以儿子不饮酒为条件。 4.D最佳【分析】由attempted to drive home可推知，尽管儿子“酩酊大醉”，还想开车回家。 5.B最佳【分析】由于撞了路障，他被警察从车里叫出来，站在一队人之间，接受醉酒程度的测试。若选stop，则成为the car stand in a line of people，不合情理。 6.B最佳【分析】由上下文语境可知。 7.C最佳【分析】miss sb out意为“漏掉了某人”。 8.D最佳【分析】因为A、B、C三项皆不能用现在分词做补足语，只有leave可以。He was left standing off to the side意为“让他站在一边”。 9.A最佳【分析】而其他人正让警察看看他们是如何能笔直地向前走，以示不醉。 10.B最佳【分析】walk a straight line“走直线”。 11.C最佳【分析】根据语境暗示，警察应近在门前。 12.B最佳【分析】由最后一段中的the four of them可知，他们共四人。除去他们父子两人外，另两人是警察。 13.D最佳【分析】that red FIAT是the fathers car，故the father为车主。 14.B最佳【分析】find oneself in someplace意为“自己不知不觉地处于某地”。 15.C最佳【分析】站在警察面前，自然预感到不妙。 16.C最佳【分析】此外questioning出于警察之口，有“询问、审问”之意，所以就有后面的admitted与其照应。 17.C最佳【分析】问他之前是否一直饮酒。 18.A最佳【分析】他也记不得车开哪儿了。选drive照应了前面的“ car”。 19.C最佳【分析】由上文所提示的时间可知：车是晚上开的。 20.C最佳【分析】用排除法可得此选项。文中没有对车的具体描述，故谈不上similar和familiar。而D项damaged是“损坏”之意，开损坏了的车不合情理。把警车开家来，足见其醉的程度。（3）Under her bed, Mrs Chang kept a box containing some jewellery which had belonged to her mother. The jewellery was the only 1 thing she had, and she always said she would keep it and only sell it for a very important reason. Well, this was an important reason, wasnt it? She said nothing to Mary, 2 went secretly into the city and sold the jewellery for $2,750. Over half the money! But where could she 3 the other half? During the next few months, Mrs Chang was always busy. She went out four mornings a week and 4 other peoples houses. She 5 until late in the night and sewed dresses and trousers for the people in the village. She embroidered(绣) colourful birds and flowers on a piece of silk for the 6 who came through the village. 7 , her pile of money under her bed began to 8 . Mary noticed that her mother was very 9 , but her mother just said, I want to have some new clothes for your 10 Ill need to buy cloth. And I want to be able to 11 you another good present. By June, Mrs Chang had $4,250 under her bed. She went to a relative in Yuen Long, who had a small business. Tsun Man, she said. I badly 12 $750. Her relative was 13 . Mrs Chang had 14 asked anyone for money before. But he lent her the money. Mrs Chang 15 her best clothes, went to the city and 16 a return ticket from London to Hong Kong. After putting it in a nice 17 she began to write 18 address on it and posted it. What a surprise this will be for David. She said to 19 . How happy he will be! And how happy Mary will be too, to 20 her brother with her on her wedding day.1. A. valuable B. beautiful C. interesting D. wonderful2. A. or B. but C. so D. however3. A. get B. borrow C. make D. bring4. A. searched B. entered C. cleaned D. washed5. A. stayed up B. kept up C. n1ade up D. dressed up6. A. neighbours B. tourists C. relatives D. friends7. A. Gradually B. Frequently C. Probably D. Immediately8. A. reduce B. appear C. disappear D. grow9. A. worried B. busy C. angry D. content10. A. wedding B. birthday C. fami1y D. work1l. A. give B. send C. buy D. mail12. A. lose B. owe C. need D. earn13. A. surprised B. frightened C. hurt D. disappointed14. A. atways B. usually C. never D. sometimesl5. A. picked up B. had on C. took off D. put onl6. A. bought B. sent C. took D. carried17. A. envelope B. box C. package D. bag18. A. mothers B. brothers C. Marys D. Davids19. A. him B. them C. herself D. her20. A. have B. invite C. take D. 1eave 1.A最佳【分析】通读全文可知，本文讲述一位慈爱但又家境桔据的母亲为女儿的婚礼攒钱的故事。母亲传给她的jewellery是张太太拥有的唯一值钱的东西。故选A。 2.B最佳【分析】语气转折。 3.A最佳【分析】上文讲靠出售jewellery而得到一半的钱，本句应表达还有一半到哪里去搞到，而不是借或挣。 4.C最佳【分析】给别人打扫屋子（来挣钱）。 5.A最佳【分析】stay up意为熬夜。熬夜给别人缝制衣服挣钱。 6.B最佳【分析】给穿过村子的游客绣花挣钱。 7.A 最佳 8.D最佳【分析】慢慢地攒的钱多起来了。 9.B最佳【分析】由上文可知母亲很忙。 10.A最佳【分析】文末讲到wedding day。 11.A最佳【分析】由最后一段可知，另外一件好礼物不是某件物品而是弟弟David来参加婚礼，故不能选B、C、D三个选项。 12.C最佳【分析】由下文he lent her the money可知，这里要表达借钱的意思。 13.A 最佳 14.C最佳【分析】张太太从来没有来借过钱，故她的亲戚很奇怪。 15.D最佳【分析】由下文可知进城去了，故应穿上好衣服。 16.A最佳【分析】由18空后的posted it可知此处应是买机票。 17.A最佳【分析】把机票放入信封。 18.D最佳【分析】由下文可知是寄给David的。 19.C最佳【分析】这里没有别人，故是自言自语。 20.A.最佳完形填空解题方法及备考策略 一）词汇知识的运用（各类词的用法及搭配、词语辨析） 1动词 1）动词的结构功能（vi./vt./linkv., 接什么样的宾语，能否接复合宾语，接什么样的复合宾语） eg （1）. But by using literary texts alongside other texts, teachers can 42 students improve their reading skills. A. force B. help C. get D. wish 析：选【B】。只有help 可接help sb.do sth. 2)分析上下文情景，注意词汇与话题的同现 结构是为意思服务的，在完形填空中大部分选项只看动词的结构功能是很难判断的，所以要分析上下文情景。 （2）（Father）“Kate and John, a friend of mine is coming here to see me this evening, and I wish to be with him. Will you go up to your own room?”We_,went to our room and closed the door. A. punished B. trembled C. obeyed D. replied 析：【C】上文父亲吩咐她们上楼到自己的房间去，她们去了，说明按父亲的吩咐做了，所以选C。 2代词（不定代词/指示代词; 人称代词/物主代词/反身代词/疑问代词/关系代词/相互代词等） 1.不定代词（some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, no one, one, none, something, anything, nothing ; all, every, each, other, either, neither, both, half, everybody, everyone, everything ; many, much, few, little, a few等） 2指示代词（that, this, these, those, such ,same, so） one 代C 泛指，指非限定的一个；可代人/物 that 代C 特指；不可代人；代物U this 近指，后指 that 远指，前指 （3）_ is the sports programme. 开始体育节目。 （4）_ is the end of the news. 新闻到此结束。 Keys: （3）This 4）That 3.名词/形容词/副词/介词（依上下文语义/语境要求，搭配，话题来选） 4同义词/近义词/形似词 1）词的搭配能力(rise/raise, hope/wish) 如：demand (of sb.) to do sth. pick ones pocket request/require sb. to do sth. rob sb. of sth. steal sh. from sb. 2)单词的适用范围/场合 如：voice/sound/noise; defend/protect/guard ,ask/beg，kill/murder等 3）单词的感情色彩 如：die 中性词，pass away 表示对死者的尊敬 4）过程与结果的不同 look for/search 重过程 find/discover 重结果 5)区分结构类似而意思不同的表达法 如：be used to do sth./be used to doing sth./used do sth. take place/take ones place/take the place of cant help do sth./cant help doing sth./cant help but do sth. 6)注意有意识与无意识 如：notice:表无意识行为，observe/watch/see 表有意识行为 5.词语的搭配 1）动词的搭配(do 和make的搭配能力较强，要常记，记牢，记熟) do(a job, work, shopping, cooking, reading, typing, sewing, good, wrong, damage, harm, a favor, an injury, etc.) make(a study, an appointment, arrangements, a breakthrough, a call, a comparison, contribution, a deal, a decision, a discovery, distinction, a guess, preparations, a start, a start, a survey, an attempt, an error, a profit, a fortune, a living, ones way, sense, point, peace, bed, coffee, a fuss, etc.) 2）名词的搭配 形容词与名词的搭配有的具有一定的文化背景，学生要注意“貌合神离”的词语。如： lucky dog 幸运儿 right hand得力助手 narrow escape死里逃生 dark horse出人意料的获胜者 3）形容词的搭配 有些形容词可以加一个形容词修饰，表示强调，使表达更加生动。常见的有：pitch dark（漆黑的）, brand new （崭新的）,crystal clear（水晶般的） ,wide open（张得大大的）, fast asleep（睡得很熟的）, wide awake（完全醒着的）, icy cold（冰冷的）, etc. 有些形容词可以和不同的介词搭配，学生应注意比较、归纳。如： sick for 渴望 tired from因 而疲劳 engaged in 忙于 sick of 厌倦 tired of 对 厌倦 engaged to 与某人订婚 二）篇章技巧的运用 一个完整的语篇，一篇内容充实、结构合理、行文流畅的短文所依赖的不只是词汇和语法，更多的是篇章结构技巧。作者借助于篇章技巧成文，学生在复现作者的语言时同样可以借助篇章技巧。 1复现 “词汇的复现”是指某一词以原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、同源词、概括词（总分关系）以及其他形式重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。大体上说，词汇的复现包括：原词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反义词、同源词复现、概括词复现和注释性复现（其中一种表达是对另一种的解释）。具体指某一词以原词，指代词，同义词，反义词、同源词、概括词等重新出现在整个文章的前后，并起到了衔接全文的作用。 （5）First of all, he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to_ six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean 析：【D】同源词复现，由window-cleaner可知为clean the window2. 同现 同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇（篇章中的词汇链）。 1) 名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如： school-primary schoolmiddle schoolcollegeuniversity studentspupilsgraduatespostgraduates 2) 动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如： schoolteachlearnattendfounddrop outgraduatebe dismissed 3)形容词同现 就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：在学校这个语境中：（key）school（optional）course（compulsory）course 4) 结构同现 结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如： some,others; on one hand,on the other hand; former,latter; sothat; not onlybut also; hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan; be about to do /be doing /had done /be on the point of doing/be to do/be ready to do/be on the way when; （6）I put my head in, expecting the (worst). But to my (surprise), the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _44_, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 析：【A】名词同现，从room, furniture,等同现信息可知。 （7）We were _42_ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us ( together) and said, 42. A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure 析：【A】结构同现，be about to do when 3逻辑关系 一个完整的语篇应该是符合逻辑的，文章逻辑关系的取得主要靠过渡词的使用。作者利用转承语保证文章的逻辑，学生在做完形填空时应通过自己对上下文的理解，找到适当的逻辑关系，然后选择正确的过渡词。学生必掌握常见的过渡词： 1.递进 in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, whats more, whats worse, to make matters worse , to make things worse , worse still 2.比较 in the same way, as with, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as 3.对照 in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, on the contrary, while 4.因果 because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result (of), s