高中英语 同位语从句用法小结与考试运用素材 新人教版必修1.doc

高中英语同位语从句用法小结与考试运用在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时，应注意以下五个方面： 一、同位语从句在句中的位置1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如：The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us all greatly. 我们女排赢得冠军的消息大大地鼓舞了我们所有人。Ive come from Mr Wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那边得知一个消息，他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如：The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations again. 据说他高考又落榜了。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。例如：Where did you get the idea that I could not come？ 你在哪儿听说我不能来？Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening. 答应我，你今天晚上要来参加我们的晚会。Word came that China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct 15，2003. 消息传来，中国于2003年10月15日首次成功发射了载人飞船。三、同位语从句连接词的选用在英语中，引导同位语从句的词通常有连词（that，who，whether），连接副词（how，when，where）等。例如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick. 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该做这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation. 我们还没有决定到什么地方去度暑假。注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。例如：We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能准时完成任务。There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。同位语从句：that有些名词的后面可以接that引导的同位语从句：We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。He made a proposal that the meeting be postpone. 他提议会议延期。There was little hope that he would survive. 他幸存的希望很小。以下名词常用于以上句型：advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word同位语从句：whetherwhether可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用whether作为引导词。He hasnt made the decision whether he will go there. 他还没有做出决定是否去那里。I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。同位语从句：whatwhat可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用what作为引导词I have no idea what he is doing now. 我不知道他现在在干什么。同位语从句：howhow可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用how作为引导词Its a question how he did it. 那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。同位语从句：who等who，whom，which，when，where，why用来引导同位语从句The question who should do the work requires consideration. 谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。She raised the question where we could get the fund. 她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别：同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:1. 从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性?(同位语从句)We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题?(同位语从句)Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了?(同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)2. 从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴?如:The news that our team has won the game was true.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略 that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替.如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)The order that we rec