Earthquake重点单词诠释.doc

金太阳新课标资源网 Earthquake重点单词诠释1. describe 【原句再现】Describe what you see in the photos to a partner. 对同伴说你从图片中所看到的。（P25）【点拨】vt. 描写,描绘,叙述，例如：Words cannot describe the beauty of the scene.语言难以描述那景色之美丽。He described in detail how the accident happened.他详细地叙述了事故是怎样发生的。派生：description n.描写;叙述;形容。例如：He gave a description of what he had seen.他对看到的情况作了描述。【真题演练】The scenery was beautiful beyond _.（2006广州诊断）A. demonstration B. instruction C. description D. designation解析：答案为C。句意：这风景美的难以形容。beyond description指无法形容，难以形容；demonstration演示，表演；instruction教导，指示，指令；designation任命，委派，名义。2. imagine 【原句再现】Now imagine there has been a big earthquake . 现在想象有一场地震。(p25)【点拨】vt. 想象; 猜想,料想。后接名词、代词、动名词、从句。例如：We can imagine his sadness.我们可以想象他的悲伤。I didnt imagine becoming a writer in my childhood.在幼年时代，我并未想象成为一位作家。I imagine so.我想是这样的。I imagine not. = I dont imagine so.我想不是这样的。imagine + 宾语+to be 构成复合结构。例如：Can you imagine yourself to be on a deserted island?你能想象出你孤身一人在荒岛上的情形吗？拓展：imaginary adj.想象中的，不真实的；imagination n.想象力；imaginative adj.有想象力的。如：an imaginary animal 假想的动物。imagine sb to be 想象某人。【高考链接1】- There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I cant imagine_ that old.（NMET2006江苏卷，32）A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been解析：答案C。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。imagine后只能跟动名词作宾语，排除A、B项。又因从达意看不强调宾语动作发生在imagine动作之前，无需用动名词的完成式，排除D项。常见的只能跟动名词作宾语的动词及词组还有admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, fancy, feel like, give up, cannot help, mind, mean(意味着)miss, postpone, pratice, put off 等。【高考链接2】Never in my wildest dreams_ these people are living in such poor conditions.（NMET2006安徽卷，31） A. I could imagineB. could I imagine C. I couldnt imagineD. couldnt I imagine解析：答案为B。never为否定副词，位于句首时要引起句子的部分倒装。3. happen 【原句再现】Describe to your partner what might happen to all the things in the photos. (p25)【点拨】（1）主语为“事件、事情、情况”等时，意思为“发生、偶然发生”。例如：The accident happened at three oclock. 事故是三点钟发生的。（2）不用进行时态。指运气的好坏，意思为“碰巧，恰好”。具体用法有三种主语常为人或it：happen+不定式；It（形式主语）+ happen+ that从句（真正主语）；happen+ to sb. / sth. 意思为“某人/某物出 事，发生了 情况”。例如：You happened to be out when I came to your house.当我到你家时，你正碰巧出去了。It happened to be a fine day.正碰巧是个好天。It happens that he is a teacher of English.碰巧了，他正是位英语老师。The boy is crying. What has happened to him?那男孩在哭。他发生了什么事？辨析：happen / take place /occur happen 作“发生，举行”解时是不及物动词，没有被动语态，常常具有偶然性，特别是“人”作主语时，happen to 也可接名词， 表示“遭到”或“偶然发生”某种情况。take place 作“发生”解时也是不及物动词短语动词，主要是指事先安排的“发生”，它没有偶然的意思（usually by arrangement）；take place 还当“举行”解。occur的意思是“发生”时，同take place，另外它还有“想到”的意思。例如：It so happened that he was there.他碰巧在那儿。It didnt occur me that you would object.我没有想到你会反对。The conversation took place between father and son.父子之间举行了一场谈话。【高考链接1】- Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today? - Something _ to him. （2005年江西，22）A. must happen B. should have happened C. could have happened D. must have happened解析：答案D。must have done 表示对过去事情的肯定推断，意为：过去一定做了某事。A表示对现在或未来事情的肯定推测；B意为：本应该发生；C意为：可能已经发生，口气不太肯定。【高考链接2】Eliza remembers everything exactly as if _ yesterday.（NMET2006全国卷I，31）A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened解析：答案为D。本题考查虚拟语气。由as if引导的从句要用虚拟语气。因与现在事实现反，故用一般过去时。4. shake 【原句再现】Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. 想象你的房子开始摇晃，你必须马上离开。(p25)【点拨】v. 1）摇动、使摇动、发抖:The teacher shook the boy by the shoulders老师摇了摇这个男孩的肩膀The poor boy was shaking with cold.这个可怜的孩子正冻得发抖。2)使受震撼、使动摇：They were badly shaken by the news.那消息令他们大为震惊。搭配：shake hands with sb为某人握手；shake ones head摇头；nod ones head 点头；shake down 安心下来；shake sb by the hand 和握手。例如：He came forward and shook me by the hand. 他走上前来与我握手。【高考链接】Shake her head, she said, “It isnt a good time to do that, dear.” (NMET2004江苏短文改错)解析：此题考查语法结构。将Shake改为现在分词形式Shaking，使其作主句的伴随状语。 5.rise 【原句再现】For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.三天来，村子的井水升了降，降了升。 (p26)【点拨】I. vi. 上升;升起;上涨;升高;增加:The sun has not yet risen.太阳还没升起The population of the city has risen to five million.该市人口已增加到五百万。高耸;高出:An immense building rose before their eyes.他们眼前耸立起一座巨大的建筑物。起立(+up):He rose and left the room.他站起身走出屋去。II. n. (数量、程度等)增加,上涨C(+in):There will be a rise in unemployment next year.明年失业人数将会增加。上升;兴盛;发迹;提升U:His rise to power surprised me.他上台掌权令我感到意外。搭配：give rise to引起;rise above克服;rise against反抗辨析：raise /riseraise vt.的意思为举起，升起，说明主语发出的动作是主要用于其他事物的。如：Prices have been praised up.价格被提高了（强调人为的因素）rise vi.的意思为“升起，上升，起立，起床，说明主语自身移向较高的位置。如：Prices rose gradually.价格渐渐地涨上去了（强调客观情况）。【高考链接】The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen _ 20 percent. (1999上海)A. by B. at C. to D. with解析：答案为A。如果表示增加了或减少了多少，用介词by。如果表示增加或减少到多少，用介词to。6. notice 【原句再现】Farmers wives noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. 村子里的妇女们注意到井壁上有深深的裂痕。（p26）【点拨】I. n. 公告,通知,贴示C：The notice on the door said that the library was closed.门上的通知说图书馆关门了。 警告;预先通知U:They have received notice of a typhoon approaching.他们已收到台风即将来临的预报。注意;察觉U:His special talents attracted my notice.他的特长引起了我的注意。II. vt. 注意,注意到+v-ing+wh-+(that):She didnt notice that I had entered the room.她没有看到我已经走进屋里I noticed him winking at his brother.我察觉他对他兄弟眨眼示意Did you notice her engagement ring?你看到她的订婚戒指了吗?通知:The plane was noticed to take off at six oclock.飞机接到通知在六点起飞。 提到,谈到:The incident was noticed in a magazine.这一事件在一份杂志里提到过。搭配：at short notice一接到通知(就.);be beneath sb.s notice被某人认为不值得一顾;bring sth. to sb.s notice使某人注意某事;come into notice引起注意;come to sb.s notice引起某人的注意;give notice通知;have notice接到通知;sit up and take notice蓦地注意起来;刮目相看;take notice of注意到;关注;理会;till/until further notice在另行通知以前;without notice不预先通知地;不另行通知地辨析：observe/look/see/notice/watch/stare/glareobserve的意思是用眼睛看到并注意到,通过认真地看而观察到,译成观察,如观察星星、某现象等。如:Hehasobservedthestarsallhislife.他一辈子都在观察星星。look的意思是有意识地使用眼睛或视力,译成看; lookat的意思是把眼睛转向目标,译成看或看着,如:lookattheblackboard看黑板。see的意思是有意或无意用眼睛看的结果,译成看见。 如:Helookedattheblackboardbuthecouldntseeanywordsonit.他看着黑板,但看不见一个字。notice的意思是用眼睛或其他感官或感觉注意,译成注意到或看到。如:Inoticetheboysplayingbasketballontheplaygroundafterschool.放学后我注意到男孩子们在操场上打篮球。watch的意思是仔细认真地跟踪运动着的目标,译成观看或监视。如:HeoftenwatchesTVonSaturdays.他经常在星期六看电视IwatchedalivefootballmatchonTVlastnight.昨天晚上我在电视上看了一场现场直播的足球赛。【高考链接】They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance. ( NMET1998) A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed 解析：答案为B。observe 的意思是“注意到，观察到”；notice的意思是“注意到”；saw的意思是“看见”；watch的意思是“注视”。这句话的意思是“他们注视着火车直到它消失在远方。”7. crack 【原句再现1】Farmers wives noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. 村子里的妇女们注意到井壁上有深深的裂痕。（p26）【原句再现2】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在城里，一些建筑物的水管突然迸裂。(p26)【点拨】I. n. 裂缝, 噼啪声。例如：a crack of thunder雷声Theres a crack in this cup.这只杯子有一条裂缝。II. v. (使)破裂, 裂纹, (使)爆裂。例如：The whip cracked.鞭子劈啪地响。The vase cracked when it dropped.花瓶掉下时打碎了。His voice cracked with grief.他的嗓子由于悲伤而变哑了。III. adj. 最好的, 高明的。例如：a crack shot神枪手。拓展：crack down on镇压，严格对待；crack jokes (a joke)讲笑话；crack up身体衰弱，炸毁。【真题演练】The boiling water _ the glass. （2006福建达标质检）A. crushed B. cracked C. smashed D. shattered解析：答案B。句意：玻璃杯被开水烫裂了。crack裂开，常伴有响声，但未成碎片；crush主要指压碎，压垮，强调在大的外力影响下把物体挤压变形而破裂，这句中开水并非挤压，而是烫裂；smash指打碎，粉碎；shatter指坏成碎片，微粒向四下散开，也指粉碎。8. smelly 【原句再现】A smelly gas came out of the cracks .一种难闻的气味从这些裂缝中散溢出来。(p26)【点拨】adj.有臭味的、 拓展：smell(n) + y(后缀)=adj. ；bloody血腥的 rainy 下雨的 snowy 下雪的 wind多风的 greedy 贪婪的 icy 冰冷的 tasty 美味的 sunny 阳光灿烂的muddy 泥泞的 foggy 有雾的9.burst 【原句再现】In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在城里，一些建筑物的水管突然迸裂。(p26)【点拨】I. vi. 爆炸;破裂; 冲,闯; 突然出现;突然发生,爆发。例如：The balloon burst.气球爆炸了。If you blow that balloon up any more, it will burst.那气球再吹就要破了。Her door was thrust open, and Mrs. Page burst in.她的门被猛地推开,佩奇太太冲了进来。II. vt. 使爆炸;使破裂; 突然打开;冲出;炸出; 使胀破。例如：After ten days of rain the river burst its banks.下了十天雨后河堤决口了。The river burst its banks and flooded the town.河水冲决了堤岸，淹没了城镇。III. n.C 爆炸;破裂; 缺口,裂口; 爆发,突发(+of)。例如：A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.歌声结束之后响起了一阵掌声。拓展：burst forth 突然出现；burst into 闯入；burst out 冒出；burst with anger勃然大怒；burst into情绪的突然发作, 后接名词；burst out突然.起来, 后接doing ；burst into laughter/tears突然笑/哭起来。如：She burst into tears the moment she got the sad news.一听到这伤心的消息,她就哭了起来。They burst out laughing.他们突然大笑起来。【真题演练】Hearing the funny story, she _ laughter. （2006济宁模拟） A. burst B. burst into C. burnt D. burned 解析：答案为B。burst的意思为“破裂，决口”，常构成的词组主要有：burst into laughter( leaf )突然大笑（长出叶子）；burst into cheers突然欢呼起来；burst out laughing (crying ) 突然笑起来（哭起来）；burst into tears突然哭起来。10. below 【原句再现】Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20 century began. 就在城市下面的11千米处，20世纪最大的地震爆发了。(p26)【点拨】I. prep. 在.下面。例如：My brother is in the class below mine.我弟弟的班级比我低。 II. adv.在下, 在页底。例如：See p. 85 below.见第85页下面（或见以下第85页）。拓展：as below如下；be below低于，不如；级别低于(某人)；down below在底下(如在楼下、甲板下、地面下等, 视上下文而定); 在地狱中；from below自下, 从下(面)；here below在人世间；see below见下文。10. lie 【原句再现】In fifteen terrible second a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市变成一片废墟。（P26）【点拨】vi.( lay; lain; lying) (人、动物)躺,卧;(东西)被平放:His hat and gloves were lying on the table.他的帽子和手套都放在桌上。He lay down for a rest.他躺下休息一会。呈.状态,置于:The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟I have lain awake all night thinking of them.我心里想着他们,彻夜未眠。(事情)在于;(错误等)发现于:The remedy lies in education.补救的办法在于教育。位于:Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国的东面。展现,伸展:The city lies before us.城市展现在我们面前。搭配：lie about闲着不做事;lie at ones door（责任）归于某人;lie back 休息;放松;lie by停歇;lie down 躺下;lie on / upon 依靠;依赖;lie idle 搁置不用【高考链接1】The manager “a” fallen asleep where he _, without undressing.（2005安徽）A. was layingB. was lying C. had laid D. had lied解析：答案B。根据所提供的情景The manage had fallen asleep 可判断出经理是“躺”在那儿睡觉的，要用过去进行时，表示当时发生的动作。lay 的意思是“放置”，是及物动词，后要跟宾语。【高考链接2】In the dark forests _, some large enough to hold several English towns.（2005辽宁）A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand解析：答案选B。本题考查到装句的使用。当表示地点的介词短语放句首时，谓语多为be, lie, sit, stand, come, walk等不及物动词时，句子要全部倒装，也就是说，倒装时不需要助动词。此外，还要注意到此题，不仅仅考查了倒装句这个语法项目，还考查了考生对语境的把握和语感。选项A的stand many lakes，看上去是符合于法结构的，但是从语境上就可以看出是不太符合语言逻辑的。如果说：Around the house, stand many trees.，这种语境下显然是用stand是比较合适的。11.injure 【原句再现】Twothirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake. 在地震中有三分之二的死亡或受伤。（p26）【点拨】vt. 伤害;损害;毁坏。例如：I hope I didnt injure her feelings.我希望我没有伤害她的感情。His back was injured.他背部受伤了。辨析：injure, harm, hurt, damageinjure 可以指对健康、外表、前景或生活的舒适带来反面影响。例如：She was badly injured in an accident. 她在一次事故中被重伤。harm 与hurt 主要指那些带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害的。例如：Gypsy moths harm foliage.蛾对叶子有害。Failure to pay his bills has harmed his credit.无法付帐会对他的信用带来损害。A hailstorm hurt the apple crop.一场风暴损坏了种植的苹果。My feelings are hurt.我的感情受到了伤害。damage 一词通常指那种使价值、有用性和有效性减少的损害。例如：A falling tree damaged the roof.一棵倒下的树损坏了屋顶。The scandal seriously damaged the senators reputation.那丑闻严重损害了参议员的名声。【真题演练】The couples quarrelling and fighting last Friday _ each other. I think so. Nancy was _ in the arm and she blamed that her arm _ the whole week. （2005六校联考）A. wounded; injured; was hurting B. hurt; hurt; was hurtingC. hurt; wounded; was injuring D. injured; hurt; was wounding解析：本题考查近义词辨析。本句子的意思为“这对夫妻上星期五的吵闹伤害了对方的感情。”“我以为是这样。南希的膀子受伤了，她抱怨说，整个星期她的膀子都在痛。”根据上面的句子解释，答案应为B。12. cover【原句再现】Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. 覆盖在地面上的砖就像红红的秋天的落叶。(p26)【点拨】I. v.1) to place or spread sth. upon, over or in front of sth. in order to protect, hide, etc.掩盖，遮蔽。例如：The noise was so loud that he covered his ears with his hands.声音大的使她用手捂住耳朵。2)to haveas a size占地。例如：I was born in a small town covering an area of 50 square kilometers.我出生于一个占地50平方公里的小城。3)to travel a distance of走完；旅行。例如：I can hardly imagine that she covered such a long distance within one day with her lame legs.我几乎不敢想象，尽管自己腿瘸还是在一天之内走完了这样长的一段路程。4)to have enough money for够付的钱。例如：Will 10 cover the cost of the skirt?10元钱够买这条裙子的吗？5)to interview sth. or look into sth.采访。例如：I want our best reporters sent to cover the events of the launching of Shenzhou .我要派最优秀的记者去报道神州六号的发射。6)to deal with or take into account涉及。例如：His lecture covered every field of teaching.他的讲座涉及到教学的各个领域。II. n. the outer front or back page of a magazine or book封面；封底。例如：I only bought this magazine because of the pretty girl on the cover.我是因为看到封面上有这个漂亮的女孩才买下这本杂志的。拓展：cover for代替，顶替；cover up盖起来，盖住；take cover藏身，躲避be covered with被所遮盖；under the cover of在的保护下。【高考链接】The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.（NMET2006湖南卷，21）A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover解析：答案为A。本题主要考查非谓语动词之一现在分词做定语的用法。a soft orange blanket 与cover 存在主谓关系，相当于which/that covered 而不定式做定语一般表示将要发生的动作，答案D误选率较高。13. fill【原句再现】Sand now filled the wells instead of water.井里现在灌满了沙子，而不是水。（p26）【点拨】I. vt. 意思为“装满，填充”。例如：Go and fill a glass of water for me.II. vi. 意思为“充满”。例如：The house soon filled.不久房子就挤得满满的。拓展：fill in 填写，填充，例如：fill in an application form填写申请表。fill in sunken place with stones用石头填洼处。辨析：be filled with / be full ofbe filled with 和be full of 都有“充满了（某种事物）”的意思，但应注意介词的搭配不同。试比较：His heart was filled with hope. The room is full of people.【高考链接】“_ her up,” the man said ,sounding like any other driver. (1997完型填空)A. Cover B. Fill C. Check D. Tie 解析：答案为B。从下文sounding like any other driver 和When the tank was full可知，fill her up 的意思是“把这辆车加满油”。14.shock 【原句再现】Some of the people were shocked . 人们震惊了。(p26)【点拨】I. vt.&vi. 使震惊、震动：It shocked me to see how my neighbors treated their children.看到邻居们如何对待孩子我感到震惊。His teeth shocked against each other.他的牙齿直打战。II. n. 震惊、休克、电击：He felt shock rather than anger.他感到震惊而不是生气。You will get an electric shock if you touch a live wire.触动带电的电线，你会受到电击。派生：shocked adj. (感到)震惊的，惊骇的【高考链接】It must be quite a _after living in Boston.（NMET2005湖南卷完形）A. luck B. doubt C. shock D. danger 解析：答案为C。shock 不同的生活环境令人震惊。 15. rescue【原句再现】Some of the rescue workers and doctors and trapped under the ruins. 部分救援工作者和医生被困在废墟下。(p26)【点拨】I. vt. 援救;营救;挽救(+from):He rescued three children from the burning building.他从失火的建筑物内救出了三个孩子。The life boat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.救生艇被派出去救沉船的水手。II. n. 援救;营救UC:Rescue was at hand.救援近在咫尺。搭配：come to sb.s rescue来援救某人; wait for rescue等候营救派生：rescuer n. 救助者;援救者; rescuee n. 被营救者【高考链接】It was only with the help of the local guide _.（2004上海春季）A. was the mountain climber rescued B. that the mountain climber was rescuedC. when the mountain climber was rescued D. then the mountain climber was rescued解析：答案为B。考查强调句型，It is (was)that在当地向导的帮助下，爬山运动员才得到了营救。16. wonder 【原句再现】People began to wonder how long the disaster last .人们开始纳闷这场灾难会持续多久。(p26)【点拨】wonder I.n. 契机，惊奇：Do you know the seven wonders of the world?你知道世界七大奇观吗？II.v. 感到吃惊，想知道。例如：I wonder at his doing that. 我对他那样做感到吃惊。I wonder if you would mind helping me. 不知您能否帮帮我的忙拓展：It is a wonder that 奇怪的是；No wonder that 难怪，不足为奇【高考链接1】I just wonder _ that makes him so excited. （NMET2006山东卷）A. why it does B. what he does C