linux安装及命令说明.docx

初学者学inux最难的就是装系统和记命令了，其实linux没有必要拿光盘装，现有的windows系统上就能装，至于命令，这是学习的第一步，一开始都是要死记硬背的。希望这些释义能对大家有帮助。WIN7 操作系统安装Linux 形成双系统详解：需要软件EasyBCD2.0 和 linux ISO 系统镜像安装前准备工作:（注：2013年4月，本人亲测centos有效。注：该centos为双盘。）1 一个windows 盘D E F 任选其一都可以，将其格式化为FAT32 格式，除C 盘以外任意盘均可格式化FAT32，且此盘必须小亍32GB，否则无法格式化FAT32。2 磁盘最后末端要有未分配的空间，如果没有可利用WIN7 右键计算机管理磁盘管理选择最后面的盘符右键单击选择删除卷。（也就是删除相应盘符，建议删除最后一个盘符）。这样就有了未分配的磁盘空间，用来做linux.（注：希望初学者能留出30G左右的盘）3 硬盘模式调成 AHCI（注：这一步我没管，直接跳过有效）1 将linux 镜像复制到FAT32 格式化的磁盘里2 用winrar 解压软件，将镜像中的images 和ioslinu 两个文件夹提取出来，不linux 镜像一同放置在FAT32 盘的根目录。原来镜像还要保留3 isolinux 文件夹中的initrd.img 和vmlinuz 两个文件复制到FAT32 盘的根目录，同时也复制到C 盘根目录下。4 安装EasyBDC 程序，一路默认安装即可。5 运行EasyBDC 程序出现第一个界面是问你将EasyBDC 的配置文件放置在哪个盘里，随便选择即可，下面两个不用选中，我选择的是C 盘，然后右下角确定。 （注：新版本貌似没有提示，不影响）6 进入EasyBCD 操作页面（版本不同可能会有一点区别， 但大致都一样，像下图那样，有neogrub bootloader就行了）：上图中当点击第4 个的时候会出现一个记事本文本框，将以下代码输入进去。title install linuxroot (hd0,1)kernel (hd0,1)/isolinux/vmlinuz initrd(hd0,1)/isolinux/initrd.img将上述代码复制粘贴迚出来的文本框内即可，其中红色部分是可以更改的仅仅代表一个名字。需要注意的是（hd0,1）部分，它代表 vmlinuz initrd 和 initrd.img 文件所在分区，其左半部分是不变的，右半部分依实际情况而定（笔者曾从 0 试到 7 ，也就是说如果不成功从新进入windows进行修改）当然，你也可以在第8步后第9步前即在linux安装菜单出现时按“e”进行修改（在屏幕底部会有操作提示）, 把它改到合适为止就行了。注：（hd0,1）的意思，hd就是硬盘的标示，hd0就是第一块硬盘，hd1就是第二块。而hd0,1就是硬盘的第一个分区。按提示换数字就行了。7、 点击EasyBCD 右上角的save 保存此时可以关闭EasyBCD 了。（新版本已经没有SAVE键了）8 、重新启动电脑不要选择WIN7 而选择NeoGrub Bootloder9 、此时就可以按照图形界面开始安装，在选择安装文件位置的地方时选择你的FAT32 的盘符，然后next 即可其余都是常识性的东西了！Linux 分区第一个/Boot 100M 即可第二个/ 5G 即可第三个/swap 你实际内存的2 倍。如果内存2G 那么相等即可。上述分区仅供参考，因实际而酌情考虑。以下是我的centos分区：/ 10G/home 5G/boot 100M/swap 1GLINUX命令详解bin = BINaries/dev = DEVices/etc = ETCetera/lib = LIBrary/proc = PROCesses/sbin = Superuser BINaries/tmp = TeMPorary/usr = Unix Shared Resources/var = VARiable ?FIFO = First In, First OutGRUB = GRand Unified BootloaderIFS = Internal Field SeperatorsLILO = LInux LOaderMySQL = My是最初作者女儿的名字，SQL = Structured Query LanguagePHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP Hypertext PreprocessorPS = Prompt StringPerl = Pratical Extraction and Report Language = Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish ListerPython 得名于电视剧Monty Pythons Flying CircusTcl = Tool Command LanguageTk = ToolKitVT = Video TerminalYaST = Yet Another Setup Toolapache = a patchy serverapt = Advanced Packaging Toolar = archiveras = assemblerawk = Aho Weiberger and Kernighan 三个作者的姓的第一个字母bash = Bourne Again SHellbc = Basic (Better) Calculatorbg = BackGroundbiff = 作者Heidi Stettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。cal = CALendarcat = CATenatecd = Change Directorychgrp = CHange GRouPchmod = CHange MODechown = CHange OWNerchsh = CHange SHellcmp = comparecobra = Common Object Request Broker Architecturecomm = commoncp = CoPycpio = CoPy In and Outcpp = C Pre Processorcron = Chronos 希腊文时间cups = Common Unix Printing Systemcvs = Current Version Systemdaemon = Disk And Execution MONitordc = Desk Calculatordd = Disk Dumpdf = Disk Freediff = DIFFerencedmesg = diagnostic messagedu = Disk Usageed = editoregrep = Extended GREPelf = Extensible Linking Formatelm = ELectronic Mailemacs = Editor MACroSeval = EVALuateex = EXtendedexec = EXECutefd = file descriptorsfg = ForeGroundfgrep = Fixed GREPfmt = formatfsck = File System ChecKfstab = FileSystem TABlefvwm = F* Virtual Window Managergawk = GNU AWKgpg = GNU Privacy Guardgroff = GNU troffhal = Hardware Abstraction Layerjoe = Joes Own Editorksh = Korn SHelllame = Lame Aint an MP3 Encoderlex = LEXical analyserlisp = LISt Processing = Lots of Irritating Superfluous Parenthesesln = LiNklpr = Line PRintls = listlsof = LiSt Open Filesm4 = Macro processor Version 4man = MANual pagesmawk = Mike Brennans AWKmc = Midnight Commandermkfs = MaKe FileSystemmknod = MaKe NODemotd = Message of The Daymozilla = MOsaic GodZILLamtab = Mount TABlemv = MoVenano = Nanos ANOther editornawk = New AWKnl = Number of Linesnm = namesnohup = No HangUPnroff = New ROFFod = Octal Dumppasswd = PASSWorDpg = pagerpico = PInes message COmposition editorpine = Program for Internet News & Email = Pine is not Elmping = 拟声 又 = Packet InterNet Grouperpirntcap = PRINTer CAPabilitypopd = POP Directorypr = preprintf = PRINT Formattedps = Processes Statuspty = pseudo ttypushd = PUSH Directorypwd = Print Working Directoryrc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shellrev = REVerserm = ReMovern = Read Newsroff = RunOFFrpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat Package Managerrsh, rlogin, rvim中的r = Remoterxvt = ouR XVTseamoneky = 我sed = Stream EDitorseq = SEQuenceshar = SHell ARchiveslrn = S-Lang rnssh = Secure SHellssl = Secure Sockets Layerstty = Set TTYsu = Substitute Usersvn = SubVersioNtar = Tape ARchivetcsh = TENEX C shelltee = T (T形水管接口)telnet = TEminaL over Networktermcap = terminal capabilityterminfo = terminal informationtex = 的缩写，希腊文arttr = traslatetroff = Typesetter new ROFFtsort = Topological SORTtty = TeleTypewritertwm = Toms Window Managertz = TimeZoneudev = Userspace DEVulimit = Users LIMITumask = Users MASKuniq = UNIQuevi = VIsual = Very Inconvenientvim = Vi IMprovedwall = write allwc = Word Countwine = WINE Is Not an Emulatorxargs = eXtended ARGumentsxdm = X Display Managerxlfd = X Logical Font Des