高级英语视听说2参考答案 (1).doc

Chapter 1 The PopulationI 2 populous 3 race 4 origin 5 geographical distPrelisteningB 1 census ribution 6 made up of 7 comprises 8 relatively progressively 9 Metropolitan densely 10 decreased death rate11 birth rate increasing 12 life expectancyD 1 a 18.5 mill b 80% c 1/2 d 13.4 mill e 2: 10 f 4% g 1990 h 40% i 3/4 j 33.1%2 a 3 b 1 c 2 d 5 e 4 II First Listening ST1 population by race and origin ST2 geographical distribution ST3 age and sexIII Postlistening A 1. Peoples Republic of China, India 2. 281 mill 3. Hispanics(12.5%) 4. Texas 5. the South and the West 6. 20% 7. by more than 5 million 8. about 6 years 9. 2.2 years 10. a decreasing birth rate and an increasing life expectancyChapter 2: Immigration: Past and PresentPRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Conceptsimmigratednatural disasters/ droughts/ faminespersecutionsettlers/ colonistsstageswidespread unemploymentscarcityexpanding/ citizensfailuredecreaselimitedquotassteadilytrendskills/ unskilledD Notetaking PreparationDates: Teens and Tens18501951The 1840sFrom 1890 to 1930Between 1750 and 18501776188213291860From approximately 1830 to 1930Language Conventions: Countries and Nationalities CountryPeopleFrance FrenchGermanyGermansScotland; IrelandScotch-IrishGreat BritainBritons: the BritishDenmarkDanesNorwayNorwegiansSwedenSwedesGreeceGreeksItalyItalianSpainSpanishPortugalPortugueseChina ChinesePhilippinesFilipinosMexicoMexicansIndiaIndiansRussiaRussiansPolandPolesThe Scandinavian countries are Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The Southern European countries are Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. The Eastern European countries are Russia and Poland.LISTENINGFirst ListeningMajor SubtopicsST1 the Great ImmigrationST2 reasons for the Great Immigration and why it endedST3 immigration situation in the United States todayPOSTLISTENING A. Accuracy Checkcolonists or settlersDutch, French, German, Scotch-Irish, Blacks The third, 1890-1930Southern Europe and Eastern EuropeThe population doubled, there was widespread unemployment, and there was a scarcity of farmlandfree land, plentiful jobs, and freedom from religious and political persecutionthe failure of the potato crop in Irelandlaws limiting immigration from certain area, the Great Depression, and World War They are largely non-European.Industry doesnt need a large number of unskilled workers。Chapter 3 American TrademarksI B 1 statistics 2 goods producing / service 3 stricter / illegal 4 per capita 5 benefits / health insurance 6 wages / workweek 7 romanticize 8 study / productive 9 rising / opposite 10 outproduce 11 stressed 12 matched 13 stagnated 14 CEOs / profits 15 unions / favorD a 2 b 1 c 3 d 4 A ST1 a historical look at work in America ST2 how U.S. workers are doing today A 1 38% 2 3% 3 service industries 4 19% in 1900; 60% in 1999 5 4,200 in 1900; 33,700 in 1999 6 health insurance 7 U.S. workers 8 They are less stressed (more vacation weeks) 9 No 10 to CEOs, the stock market, and corporate profitsChapter 4 Family in the United States.PRELISTENINGB.Vocabulary and Key Concepts1.disintegrating2.domestic role3.nature/drastically4.sensitive barometer5.predominant mitment/reverence7.conformity/gender8.lack/liberation9.self-fulfillment10.cohabiting couples11.tripled/quadruppled12.decline/initial13.balance/individualism14.flexible/on-site15.mandate/allowancesD.Notetaking Preparation2.Rhetorical Cuesa.2b.5c.3d.1e.4. LISTENINGMajor SubtopicsST1 traditional familism: mid-1940s to mid-1960sST2 period of individualism: mid-1960s to mid-1980sST3 the new familism: mid-1980s to present. POSTLISTENINGAccuracy CheckNo, they arent.declining birth rates, rising divorce rates, discontent of women with domestic rolea married couple with childrenIts closer to self-reliance.sexual revolution, womens liberation., and the movement against the Vietnam Warthe idealization of career and the drive for self-expression and self-fulfillmentSingle-parent families tripled; cohabiting couples quadrupled.in the second periodcommitment to family, equality of men and women, fulfillmentquality day care, parental leave, family allowancesChapter 5 Religion . PRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Concepts1. mandatory2. surve/Protestant3. modernized4. values5. guaranteed6. establishes7. underestimated8. role/played9. decline/revival10. conservative11. controversial/politicized12. phenomenon13.secular/authoritarianD. Notetaking Preparation1. Commonly Used Symbols and Abbreviations1. pop. of ChinaIndiaU.S.2. death rt. birth rt. bin pop.3. pop. in U.S. c.281mill.4. some people imm. to U.S. nat. disaster, e.g., droughts, famines5. situation diff today people from Latin Am.+ Asia imm to U.S. from Europe6. After WW, most Am. Families still trad., i.e., w/ working father, housewife, & children7. Today many child. Raised w/o father in homeRhetorical Cues24135. LISTENINGFirst Listening Major SubtopicsST1 facts and figuresST2 United States compared to other modernized nationsST3 increasing role of religion in U.S. politics particularly in recent years. POSTLISTENINGAccuracy CheckThe media, e.g., television and movies, usually ignore this part of American cultureProtestants, 52%, Catholics, 24%Immigrants to America came from many different countries and religious backgrounds.the United States, 60%; Italy, 7%; France, 4%freedom of worship (religion)that church and state must be kept separateconservativethe “rise of the religious right”abortion and prayer in public schools more secularChapter 6 Passages: Birth Marriage and Death. PRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Concepts1. bewildering / ingrained2. shower/ expectant3. mother- to be / pretext4. expressions of envy / reassured5. unheard of6. banished / delivery7. baptism8. observed / fiances9. empowered / civil10. bride / groom / superstitious11. banned / hazardous12. cremated13. memorial / wake14. eulogy / deceased15. condolences / bereaved. POSTLISTENINGA. Accuracy Check1. shortly before the baby is due2. (1) baby showers not always a surprise, and (2) men sometimes attend3. baptism4. the brides family5. a religious ceremony6. something old, something new, something borrowed, and something blue7. the groom8. in case of cremation9. a sympathy card and flowers10. whiteUnit 7 MulticulturalismPrelistening B.1.skeptically/homogeneous2.deny/impact3.melting/metaphor4.alloy/myth5.excluded/discrimination6.viewed/prejudice7.mosaic/autonomous8.Intermarriage/adoption9.implied/exception10.inherit/absorb11.assimilation/generation12.fragmentation/proponents13.dominant/reflects14.Opponents/LatinosD.2. a. however; on the other hand b. In fact; c. For instance d. however; nevertheless e. Rather; Instead f. On the other hand; However; Nevertheless g. furthermore; alsoListening AMajor subtopicsST1 the monoculturalist viewST2 the multicultualist viewST3 the pluralistic viewAccuracy checkNoharderthe monoculturalist viewAfrican, Asian,and Native Americans as well as each newly arrived groupthe patchwork quiltNo17%We inherit, absorb, and choose itfragmentation or destruction of U.S.cultureopen to changeChapter8 Crime and Violence in the United States1 PrelisteningB Vocabulary and key concepts1. violent/aggravated2. enforcement/stringent3. white-collar/embezzlement4. aggressive/predisposed to5 .to blame/shortcomings6. root/proliferation7. deprived of/strike out8. underclass/disproportionatedly9. curbs/socializing10. values/compassion11. conscience/bring up12. punishment/deterrent13. financiers/lacking14. takes over/leads to15. benefits/take for grantedD Notetaking Preparation1 Structuringa Crime statistics match publics perception of less crimeb Three secondary support ideas1 1994-2001:violent crime decreased 52%2 possible reasons for decrease3 statistics on white-collar crime(embezzlement, bribery, etc.)not as clearc Two details for each point1. 1994:51 victims per 1000/in 2001, 24 victims per 10002.stricter law enforcement in cities/ stringent penalties on repeat offenders3 statistics hard to get and/ It doesnt scare people2 Rhetorical cuesA 2 b5 c1 d6 e3 f4 ListeningA first listeningMajor subtopicsST1 liberal theory of crimeST2conservative theory of crimeST3 some solutions to the crime problem in the U.SPostlisteningA Accuracy Check1 52%2 embezzlement, bribery, political corruption, and/or dangerous corporate policies3 racism, poverty, and injustice4No5 the liberal theory6 by giving them values, a conscience7 socialization by the family and fear of punishment8 Theyve enjoyed the benefits of society9 good education, health care, and employment10 conservativeUnit 9 Public Education: Philosophy and FundingI PRELISTENINGB Vovabulary and Key Concepts1 compulsory2 secular3 curriculum/standdardized4 funds/handicapped5 exercised locally6 elected7 fluctuates8 a great degree9 controversial10 nonsectarian/compete11 contract/accountable12 supporters13 opponents/violates14 bill/ “adequate yearly progress”D Notetaking Preparation1 Structuring: OutliningST1 Three levels of controlA State department of education1 sets basic curriculum2 sets number of creditsB School district1 Numbers depend on size of population and state2 Responsibilities aSpecific content of coursesB Decides electivesC Operation of schoolsC Individual school1 TeachesresponsilitiesA Dediding how to teachB Preparing and giving examinations2 Rhetorical CuesA1B5C4D2E6F3II LISTENINGA First ListeningMajor SubtopicsST1 three levels of controlST2 how funding contributes to local controlST3 three issues related to funding III POSTLISTENING A Accuracy Check1 no nationwide curriculum set by the government, no nationwide examination set by the government2 state department of education, the school districts ,individual schools3 basic curriculm requirements/a number of credits4 they are elected by the citizens of a school district.5 federal government-7%， stategovernment-49%,local school district-44%6 religious organizations7 nineteenth century8 charter schools9 private schools(usually religious schools)10 as a dangerous step away from local control of schoolsChapter10I Prelistening B. Vocabulary and Key ConceptsPostsecondary/community/coeducationalaccredited/standardsprestigious/competitivetranscript/standardizedextracurricular/ethnic backgroundwere enrolledbreak down/proportionsupgrade/skillswell versed/well informedlenient/transferD. 1. ST3 Community colleges differ from four-year colleges.A. Admissions requirements are much more lenient. 1. Enough to graduate from high schoolB. Cheaper to attend 1. Tuition and fees are lower 2. Most students live at homeC. Two-year programs 1. Lead to A.A. degree 2. Many programs vocational but not allConclusion: Different purposesome part-time for interest, others full-time prior to transferII. ListeningST1. facts and figuresST2. admissions requirements vary greatly ST3. community colleges differ from four-year colleges ST4. makeup of student bodyIII. PostlisteningA. Accuracy Check4,182from less than 100 to more than 50,000from less than $5,000 to as much as 30 or 40 thousand dollarshigh school transcripts of grades and test results from a standardized exam such as the SATGRE, GMAT, and/or LSATextracurricular activities, ethnic background, and/or work experienceyesAssociate of Arts65.2%42.6%Chapter 11 Distance EducationI.PRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Concepts 1. setting foot 2. instruction/separated 3. correspondence 4. accredited/community 5. upgrade/continuous 6. budget crunches 7. access/technology 8. modes/vary 9. via mail/download 10. residency 11. dropout/traditional 12. unscrupulous/alluring 13. credentialsD. Notetaking Preparation 1. Deciphering Notes1. No, many distance education programs have residency requirements.2. No, admission requirements are the same as for on-campus programs.3. Three examples of computer requirements that online study might require are the latest version of Windows, a microphone and a modem.(Answers may vary. )4. Students are more likely to complete traditional programs than distance education programs. (Dropout rate is higher for distance education.) 2.Rhetorical Cues a.2 b.5 c.1 d.6 e.3 f.4II.LISTENINGFirst Listening Major Subtopics ST1 reasons why distance education is growing so rapidly ST2 how distance education works, that is, what the modes of delivery are ST3 some things people considering distance education need to be aware ofIII.POSTISTENINGAccuracy checkby time and by distanceby correspondence(by mail)189290%at the same time(Answers may vary.)No(There are time limits)No(There are about the same)cable modem, DSLNo(The dropout rate is higher for distance courses and programs.)Unit 12 The Role of Government in the EconomyI.PRELISTENINGB.Vocabulary and Key Concepts1.ownership/property2.free erfere/laissez-faire4.contracts/national defense5.control/comply with6.income/public assistance/petitive/antitrust/monopoly8.stability9.taxation/inflation10.unemployment/balance11.expenditures/interest12.conservative/favor13.static/compositionD. Notetaking Preparation 1.Prelecture Reading a.No.They were suspicious of strong central government. b.The Confederation was unable to solve many problems facing the new nation and needed a stronger central government.c.None. In a laissez-faire economy, the government does not interfere with the economy.d.The government imposed an income tax for the first time. After the Civil War, the government had money for internal improvements to the country.e.The government usually took the side of big business.f.It provided employment for large numbers of unemployed people and welfare for others, and instituted the Security system.2. Rhetorical Cues a.4 b.5 c.1 d.7 e.2 f.6 g.3II. ListeningFirst Listening Major Subtopics ST1 to protect the environment ST2 to help people ST3 to keep the marketplace competitive ST4 to maintain economic stabilityIII.POSTLISTENINGAccuracy Checksongs,poems,books,inventionsThe freedom to produce, buy, and sell goods and labor without government intervention.laws governing contracts and property rights; national defense; and providing sunch things as roads and canals.greaterto protect itThey are too young, old, or sicka good thingthe telephone company AT&Ttaxation,expenditure,and controlling the interest rate on money it lends to businessesIt raises itUnit 13 Government by ConstitutionI.PRELISTENINGB. Vocabulary and Key Concepts (Script) 1.division/checks/balances 2.branches/legislative/judicial 3.enacting/enforced 4.accused of breaking/legal dispute 5.trials/consistent with 6.tasks/abuse 7.power of veto 8.override/put an end to 9.suspected/resigned 10.unconstitutional/legal 11.civil rights/racial discrimination 12.desegregation 13.nominates a candidate/approve 14.balance of powerD. Notetaking Preparation 1.Prelecture Readinga.Judicial review is the power of the judicial branch of government to examine and determine the constitutionality of laws passed by the legislative branch.b.No, it is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. The Supreme Court interpreted the Constitution to mean that it had this power in a famous case, Marbury v.Madison, in 1803.c. Britaind. They exercise it less frequently. Although both countries have provisions for judicial review, they are reluctant to use it.II.LISTENINGFirst Listening Model OrganizationThere branches of governmentPrinciples of the ConstitutionDivision of powersChecks and balances1.(exanples)2.(etc.)III.POSTLISTENINGAccuracy CheckIts the oldest co