外研高中必修五课文与翻译.doc

外研高中必修五 Module 1The British and American EnglishWords Words WordsBritish and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. There are hundreds of different words which are not used on the other side of the Atlantic or which are used with a different meaning. Some of these words are well known-Americans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas;the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol. As a tourist, you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York, or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi(British)or cab(American).Chips or French Fries?But other words and expressions are not so well known. Americans use a flashlight, while for the British, its a torch. The British queue up, Americans stand in line .sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. Chips, for example, are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain; in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets. The British call these crisps. The chips the British know and love are French fries on the other side of the Atlantic.Have or have got?There are a few differences in grammar, too. The British say Have you got.?An American might say My friend just arrived, but a British person would say My friend has just arrived. Prepositions, too, can be different: compare on the team, on the weekend(American)with in the team, at the weekend(British).The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them(Ill see you Monday Write me soon)Colour or colour?The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. American spelling seems simpler: center, color and program instead of centre, colour and programme. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. The accent, which is most similar to British English, can be heard on the East Coast of the US. When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. But are they really so important? After all, there is probably as much variation of pronunciation within the two countries as between them. A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker.Turn on the TVSome experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together .For more than a century communications across the Altantic have developed steadily. Since the 1980s,with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. This non-stop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English so that some people believe that British English will disappear.However, if you turn on CNN, the American TV network, you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accents-American, British, Australian, and even Spanish. One of the best -known faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in Hong Kong, China, and grew up speaking Chinese and Punjabi, as well as English.This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many Englishes not just two main varieties. But the message is Dont worry. Users of English will all be able to understand each other -wherever they are.必修五 Module 2The Human Traffic Signal At 3500meters,La Paz, in Bolivia, is the highest capital in the world. Life is hard at high altitude, and the mountains make communications difficult. Many roads are in bad condition and accidents are frequent. One road in particular, which goes north from La Paz, is considered the most dangerous road in the world. On one side the mountains rise steeply: on the other side there is a sheer drop, which in places is hundreds of metres deep. Although there is not a lot of traffic, on average, one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks. The drop is so great that anyone inside the vehicle is lucky to survive. In theory, the road can only be used by traffic going uphill from 8 in the morning ,and by traffic coming downhill from 3 in the afternoon. But in practice, few drivers respect the rules. But thanks to one man, the death toll has fallen. Timoteo Apaza is a gentle 46-year-old man who lives in a village near the most dangerous part of the road, known locally as la curva del diablo(the Devils Bend).Timoteo has an unusual job-he is a human traffic signal. Every morning he climbs up to the bend with a large circular board in his hand. The board is red on one side and green on the other. Timoteo stands onthe bend and directs the traffic. When two vehicles approach from opposite directions they cant see each other, but they can see Timoteo. Timoteo is a volunteer. No one asked him to do the job, and no one pays him for it. Sometimes drivers give him a tip, so that he has just enough money to live on. But often they just pass by, taking he human traffic signal for granted. So why does he do it? Before he volunteer to direct the traffic, Timoteo had had lots of jobs. He had been a miner and a soldier.Then one day while he was working as a lorry driver he had a close encounter with death. He was driving a lorry load of bannanas when he came off the road at abend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain. Somehow he survived. He was in hospital for months. Then, a few years later, he was called out in the night to help pull people out of a bus which had crashed at la curva del diablo. This last experience had a profound effect on Timoteo. He realised that he was lucky to be alive himself, and felt that it was his mission in life to help others. And so every morning, week in, week out, from dawn to dusk, Timoteo takes up his place on the bend and directs the traffic.必修五 Module 3 the steamboat There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down. We stayed inside the shelter we had built and let the raft sail down the river.Suddenly, by the light of the lightning, we saw something in the middle of the river. It looked like a house at first, but then we realized it was a steamboat. It had hit a rock and was half in and half out of the water. We were sailing straight towards it. It looks as if itll go under soon, Jim said, after a couple of minutes.Lets go and take a look, I said.I dont want to board a sinking ship, said Jim, but when I suggested that we might find something useful on the boat, he agreed to go. So we paddled over and climbed on to the steamboat, keeping as quiet as mice. To our astonishment, there was a light in one of the cabins. Then we heard someone shout, Oh please boys, dont kill me! I wont tell anybody!A mans angry voice answered, Youre lying. You said that last time. Were going to kill you.When he heard these words, Jim panicked and ran to the raft. But although I was frightened, I also felt very curious, so I put my head roundthe door. it was quite dark, but I could see a man lying on the floor, tied up with rope. There were two men standing over him. One was short, with a beard. The other was tall and had something in his hand that looked like a gun.Ive had enough of you. Im going to shoot you now, this man said. He was obviously the one who had threatened the man on the floor. And it was a gun he had in his hand.No, dont do that, said the short man. Lets leave him here. The steamboat will sink in a couple of hours and hell go down with it.When he heard that, the frightened man on the floor started crying. Hesounds as if hes going to die of fright!I thought. I have to find a way to save him!I crawled along the deck, found Jim, and told him what I had heard. Wemust find their boat and take it away, then theyll have to stay here, I said. Jim looked terrified. Im not staying here, he said. But I persuaded himto help me, and we found the mens boat tied to the other side of the steamboat. We climbed quietly in and as we paddled away we heardthe two men shouting. By then we were a safe distance away. But nowI began to feel bad about what we had done. I didnt want all three mento die.必修五 Module 4The Magic of the MaskThink of carnival, and you think of crowds, costumes, and confusion. The sounds and sights change from one country to another but the excitement is the same everywhere.“Carnival” comes from two Latin words, meaning “no more meat”. In Europe, where it began, carnival was followed by forty days without meat, as people prepared for the Christian festival of Easter. People saw Carnival as a last chance to have fun at the end of the winter season. Having fun meant eating, drinking, and dressing up. The most famous carnival in Europe was in Venice. At the beginning , it lasted for just one day. People ate, drank, and wore masks. As time passed, however, the carnival period was extended, so that it began just after Christmas. For weeks on end people walked round the streets wearing masks, doing what they wanted without being recognised. Ordinary people could pretend to be rich and important, while famous people could have romantic adventures in secret. Many crimes went unpunished.The government realised that wearing masks had become a problem. Their use was limited by laws, the first of which dates back to the fourteenth century. Men were not allowed to wear masks at night; and they were not allowed to dress up as women. In later times more laws were passed. People who wore masks could not carry firearms; and no one could enter a church wearing a mask. If they broke the laws, they were put into prison for up to two years. Finally, when Venice became part of the Austrian empire, at the end of the eighteenth century, masks were banned completely, and carnival became just a memory. But in the late 1970s the tradition was revived by students. They began making masks and organising parties, and threw bits of brightly coloured paper (called coriandoli) at tourists. The town council realised that carnival was good for business, and the festival was developed for tourists.Today, carnival in Venice is celebrated for five days in February. People arrive from all over Europe to enjoy the fun. Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful costumes. German, French and English seem to be the main languages. But the spirit of Venice carnival is not quite the same as the great American carnivals. If the key to Rio is music and movement, then in Venice it is the mystery of the mask. As you wander through the streets, you see thousands of maskselegant or frightening, sad or amusing, traditional or modern- but you have no idea what the faces behind them look like. Nobody takes them off. If the masks come off, the magic is lost.必修五 Module 5A Life in SportThey called him the prince of gymnasts. When he retired at the age of 26, he had won 106 gold medals in major competitions across the world. They included six out of seven gold medals at the 1982 World Championship, and three at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles (as well as two silver and a bronze).Li Ning was the best. When sports journalists met in 1999 to make a list of the greatest sportsmen and sportswomen of the twentieth century, Li Nings name was on it, together with footballer Pele and boxer Muhammad Ali. But even though he had won everything it was possible to win in his sport, Li Ning retired with the feeling that he had failed .He was disappointed because he had not performed well in the 1988 Seoul Olympics.But it was this sense of failure that made him determined to succeed in his new life. A year after his retirement, Li Ning began a new career as a businessman. But he didnt forget his sporting background. He decided to launch a new brand of sportswear, competing with global giants like Nike and Adidas. He made the unusual choice, for a Chinese person, of choosing his own name as the brand mark. The bright red logo is made up of the first two pinyin letters of Li Nings name, L and N.Li Nings sports clothes came onto the market at just the right time. The number of young people with money to spend was on the increase and sport had never been so popular. Li Nings designs were attractive, and they had a major advantage over their better-known rivals-they were cheaper. A pair of Nike trainers, for example, could cost up to five times as much as a similar Li Ning product. Success for Li Ning was guaranteed, and it came quickly.In just a few years, Li Ning won more than fifty per cent of the national market. Today a Li Ning product is purchased every ten seconds. But the clothes are not only worn on the athletics track or the football pitch. If you go into a school or university anywhere, the chances are you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo. The company has also grown internationally. The Spanish and French gymnastics teams wear Li Ning clothes, While Italian designers are employed by the company to create new styles. Whenever Chinese athletes step out onto the track during the 2008 Olympics, They will be wearing Li Ning tracksuits.But Li Nings goal when he retired was not to make money .His dream was to open a school for gymnasts. He was able to do this in 1991. Since, he has continued to help young people to achieve their sporting ambitions. Like Pele and Muhammad Ali before him, who have worked with the United Nations for childrens rights and peace, Li Ning has discovered that the work of a great sportsman does not finish when he retires from the sport. It starts. And if you are a great sportsperson, anything is possible, as Li Nings advertising slogan says.必修五 Module 6On a freezing cold day in January 1994, Jiesang Suonadajie found what he was looking fora group of poachers who were killing the endangered Tibetan antelope. Jiesang knew he had to move quickly. He shouted to the poachers to put down their guns. Although surprised, the poachers had an advantage there were more of them. In the battle which followed Jiesang was shot and killed. When his frozen body was found hours later, he was still holding his gun. He had given his life to save the Tibetan antelope. At the beginning of the twentieth century there were millions of antelopes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. By the 1990s the number had fallen to about 50,000. The reason is simple: the wool of the Tibetan antelope is the most expensive in the world. It is soft, light, and warmthe ideal coat for an animal which has to survive at high altitudes. A shawl made from the wool (known as “shahtoosh”,or “king of wools” in Persian) can sell for five thousand dollars. For poachers the profits can be huge.Often working at night, the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time, leaving only the babies, whose wool is not worth so much. The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool taken to India, where it is made into the shawls. From there, it is exported to rich countries in North America and Europe. The business is completely illegalthere has been a ban on the trade since 1975. But in the 1990s the shawls came into fashion among rich people. A police raid on a shop in London found 138 shawls. About 1,000 antelopesor 2 per cent of the worlds populationhad been killed to make them. In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the Hoh Xil Nature Reservethe huge national park on the QinghaiTibetan Plateau, which is the main habitat of the antelopes. Over the next ten years about 3,000 poachers were caught and 300 vehicles confiscated. Sometimes there were gunfights, like the one in which Jiesang Suonadajie was killed.But today the government seems to be winning the battle. The number of poachers has fallen. The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country, and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 meters. Meanwhile, in those countries where the shawls were sold, police are getting tough with the dealers. International co-operation seems to be working. Since 1997 the antelope population has slowly begun to grow again.必修5课文翻译Module 1British and American EnglishWords,Words,Words 英式英语和美式英语在很多方面是不同的。首先，最为明显的方面是在词汇方面。有成百上千的不同的词在大西洋彼岸是不被使用的或以不同的意思被使用。有一些词是非常有名的，美国人在高速公路上驾驶时给车（automobile 汽车）加油加的是gas；而英国人通常来给车加油用的是petrol（汽油）。做为一个游客，你在伦敦将会使用underground來指地铁或在纽约使用subway，或许你将会更愿意选择用出租车taxi（英国）或 cab（美国）来游览城市。Chips or French fries？ 但是其他词语和表达方式没有这麽广泛的被人所知。美国人把手电筒成为flashlight然而在英国，它被称做torch（火炬，火把；喷灯，吹管；光芒）。在英国英语当中，排队要用queue up 而在美国要用stand in line 。有的时候同一个单词在意义上有轻微差别，这和种差别有事会使人疑惑不解。例如：Chips 在英国中指的是油炸的或热炸的薯条；在美国，Chips 是非常薄的并且是放在袋里出售的。英国人称它为Crisps英国人所熟悉并喜欢的这中薯条在大西洋彼岸却被称之为French fries 。Have or have got ？ 在语法方面英式英语和美式英语也有一些不同。英国人通常说“have you got .?”而美国人更愿意使用“Do you have .?”一个美国人通常会说“My friend has just arrived .”但是一个英国人通常会说“My friend has just arrived.”介词的用法也有一定不同：我们可以比较一下，在美式英语中用on the team ,on the weekend 在英式英语中用in the team ,at the weekend 。英国人用介词的地方美国人有时会省略掉（Ill see you Monday ;Write me soon!）。Colour or color? 此外，在两中英语中另外两个领域的区别是拼写和发音。美国人拼写看起来似乎简单些：center, color和programme。自从四百多年以前第一批移民到来有很多的因素影响着美式发音。这个与英式英语非常相似的口音能够在美国东海岸被听到。当爱尔兰的作家乔治.萧伯纳 将这个“英国和美国是被一个语言分开两个民族”这句名言时，他显然想到了他们之间的差别。但是这些区别真的很重要吗？毕竟两个国家境内口音的差别可能和两个两国之间的口音差别可能一样多。伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话要比纽约人更难。Turn on the TV 很多专家都相信这两种语音正在变得更接近。一个多世纪以来大西洋的这两种交流在稳定的发展。自从20世纪80年代以来随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，便利的听到英式英语和美式英语成为一种可能。这种不间断的交流使得英美两国人彼此间理解对方已经变得很容易了。但是这也致使了很多英语单词和结构进入到英国英语以致于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。 然而，如果你打开美国电视网络的节