江苏省2019高考英语写作层级训练第一步循序渐进提升写作技能第一讲短小精悍的简单句（讲解）.docx

第一步循序渐进，提升写作技能李仕才第一讲短小精悍的简单句英语中最重要、最基本的句式有五种，复杂的句子结构都是这些基本句型的扩展和延伸。因此，加强对五种基本句型的学习是写作的基础，也是提高英语写作水平的前提。除了系动词be外，还有一些动词是系动词：表感官的动词(feel，smell，taste，sound等)，表“像”的动词(look，appear，seem等)，表状态变化的动词(become，get，grow，turn，go等)，表延续的动词(remain，keep，hold，stay等)。作表语的通常是名词、形容词、不定式、介词短语或从句。1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词作表语)2.Gradually he became silent.(形容词作表语)3.She remained standing for an hour.(现在分词作表语)4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词作表语)5.The machine is out of order.(介词短语作表语)6.The television was on.(副词作表语)7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式作表语)8.My job is repairing cars.(动名词作表语)9.The question is what you want to do.(从句作表语，即：表语从句)名师点津在下面的句子中，形容词作表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。1.Im happy to meet you.2.They are willing to help.3.We are determined to follow his example.这种句型中的动词(短语)大多是不及物动词，这类动词(短语)常见的有：take place，happen，break out，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，go，come，die，count，matter，fall，rise等。有些动词如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，cook，read等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质，也用于主谓结构。1.The sun is rising.2.Ill try.3.Did you sleep well？(well作状语，修饰不及物动词sleep)4.The engine broke down.名师点津在此句型中，有少数不及物动词表达被动含义，表达主语本身所具有的特征，不用被动语态。1.The book sells well.2.The window wont shut.3.The pen writes smoothly.4.Cheese cuts easily.主谓宾结构是英语中常见的句型，谓语是及物动词(短语)，宾语通常是名词、代词、动名词、不定式等。1.Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词作宾语)2.I cant express myself in English.(反身代词作宾语)3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)4.We cant afford to pay such a price.(不定式作宾语)5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词作宾语)6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句作宾语，即：宾语从句)名师点津并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。在英语的双宾语结构中，谓语动词是能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词，这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词。这种带双宾语的动词也可以与介词to或for连用，构成“主语谓语动词直接宾语介词间接宾语”的句型。间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词：bring，give，hand，lend，offer，owe，pass，write，send，show，tell，teach等。间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词：buy，call，cook，choose，draw，find，get，sing，spare。1.He handed me a letter.He handed a letter to me.2.She gave me her telephone number.She gave her telephone number to me.3.She sang us a folk song.She sang a folk song for us.4.She cooked us a delicious meal.She cooked a delicious meal for us.宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语内容的，通常放在宾语的后面，起补充说明的作用。名词、形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语等常常作宾语补足语。1.He found his new job boring.(形容词作宾补)2.They called their daughter Mary.(名词作宾补)3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语作宾补)4.We went to her house but found her out.(副词作宾补)5.What do you advise me to do？(不定式作宾补)6.We thought him to be an honest man.(to be作宾补)7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式作宾补)8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式作宾补)9.Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式作宾补)10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词作宾补)11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词作宾补)跟 踪 训 练.用下面所给的动词作谓语， 按要求完成下面句子leave1.They will_leave (将离开)tomorrow. (主谓)2.The boy left_his_book_here (把书落在这里)yesterday. (主谓宾)3.Tom always leaves_his_homework_unfinished(做不完作业)at night. (主谓宾宾补)4.His grandfather _left_his_son_a_big_house(留给儿子一所大房子)after his death. (主谓间宾直宾) write5.We write_with_pens(用钢笔写字). (主谓)6.She often writes_reports(写报告)for a newspaper. (主谓宾)7.She wrote_me_a_letter(给我写信)last week. (主谓间宾直宾).翻译句子 1.我们的语文老师很随和。Our_Chinese_teacher_is_very_easy-going.2.他所说的话听起来有道理。What_he_said_sounds_reasonable.3.孩子们急急忙忙向博物馆方向走去。The_children_walked_in_the_direction_of_the_museum_in_a_hurry.4.在去哪儿度假的问题上我父母最终让步了。My_parents_gave_in_at_last_on_where_to_spend_the_holiday.5.我喜欢跟Smith一起工作。I_enjoy_working_with_Smith.6.他几乎不知道如何写作文。He_hardly_knows_how_to_write_a_composition.7.售票员把车票一一给了乘客。The_conductor_gave_the_tickets_to_the_passengers_one_by_one.8.我给儿子买了个笔记本电脑作为礼物。I_bought_a_laptop_for_my_son_as_a_gift.9.孩子们把新年晚会办得很成功。Children_made_the_new_year_party_a_success.10.他让狗围着桌子跑。He_had_the_dog_run_around_the_desk.典型病句诊断 1.Im very much like English.I_like_English_very_much.2.My favourite subjects including English and Chinese.includinginclude3.The future life will become more and more better.more_and_more_betterbetter_and_better4.In their opinion，go to university is the only way to success.gogoing5.There have many students talking outside.haveare6.He cost ten dollars for the book.costpaid7.She is confidence and patience.confidence_and_patienceconfident_and_patient8.I followed Mr.Smith enter the office.enter前加to9.Has he returned back yet？去掉back10.He leave Beijing on a cold winter night.leaveleft11.I worked hardly in order to catch up with others.hardlyhard12.The fire destroied their houses.destr