中性微子物理(三).ppt

NeutrinoPhysicsIII HitoshiMurayamaTaiwanSpringSchoolMarch28 2002 中性微子物理 三 村山斉台湾春期学校二千二年三月二十八日 3 Outline LSNDImplicationsofNeutrinoMassWhydoweexist ModelsofflavorConclusions 4 5 LSND 6 7 3 3sSignal ExcesspositroneventsovercalculatedBG 8 Mini BooNE LSNDunconfirmedNeutrinobeamfromFermilabboosterSettlestheissueofLSNDevidenceStartdatatakinglaterthisyear 9 SN1987Aneutrinoburstdoesn tlikeLSND HM Yanagida Kamiokande s11events 1steventisforwardmaywellbenefromdeleptonizationburst pe nnetobecomeneutronstar LatereventsmostlikelyneLSNDparameterscausecompleteMSWconversionofne nmiflightside nelighter ne nmifdarkside neheavier Eithermassspectrumdisfavored 10 SN1987Aneutrinoburstdoesn tlikeLSND HM Yanagida 11 SterileNeutrino LSND atmosphericandsolarneutrinooscillationsignalsDm2LSND eV2Dm2atm 3 10 3eV2Dm2solar 10 3eV2 Can tbeaccommodatedwith3neutrinos NeedasterileneutrinoNewtypeofneutrinowithnoweakinteraction 3 1or2 2spectrum 12 SterileNeutrinogettingtight 3 1spectrum sin22qLSND 4 U4e 2 U4m 2 U4m 2can tbebigbecauseofCDHS SKU D U4e 2can tbebigbecauseofBugeyMarginallyallowed 90 excl vs99 allw d 2 2spectrum pastfitspreferredAtmosphericmostlynm ntSolarmostlyne ns orviceversa Nowsolarsterilegettingtight Bargeretal Giuntietal Gonzalez Garciaetal Strumia 13 NotQuiteExcludedYet Globalfittofour neutrinooscillationSolar Atmospheric LSND Gonzalez Garcia Maltoni Pe a Garay EPS01 Onecanstillfindareasonablefitwith2 2 Disfavoredat90 99 CL ne nsnm nt ne ntnm ns 14 CPTViolation Adesperateremedy LSNDevidence anti neutrinosSolarevidence neutrinosIfneutrinosandanti neutrinoshavedifferentmassspectra atmos pheric solar LSNDaccommodatedwithoutasterileneutrino HM Yanagida 15 CPTTheorem Basedonthreeassumptions LocalityLorentzinvarianceHermiticityofHamiltonianViolationofanyoneofthem bigimpactonfundamentalphysicsNeutrinomass tinyeffectfromhigh scalephysicsNon commutativegeometry HM Yanagida Braneworld Barenboim Borissov Lykken Smirnov 16 ImplicationsonExperiments Mini BooNEexperimentwillnotseeoscillationinneutrinomode butwillinanti neutrinomodeSNO BorexinoestablishLMA whileKamLANDwillnotseeoscillationKatrinmayseeendpointdistortion We llsee 17 Maybeevenmoresurprisesinneutrinos ImplicationsofNeutrinoMass 19 MassSpectrum Whatdowedonow 20 Twowaystogo 1 DiracNeutrinos Therearenewparticles right handedneutrinos afterallWhyhaven tweseenthem Right handedneutrinomustbeveryveryweaklycoupledWhy 21 ExtraDimensions Right handedneutrinosSMgaugesingletCanpropagateinthe bulk Makesneutrinomasssmall Arkani Hamed Dimopoulos Dvali March Russell Dienes Dudas Gherghetta Grossman Neubert mn 1 Rifoneextradim R 10mmAninfinitetowerofsterileneutrinosNeedalsointer generationalmixingnow 22 Twowaystogo 2 MajoranaNeutrinos TherearenonewlightparticlesWhyifIpassaneutrinoandlookback Mustberight handedanti neutrinosNofundamentaldistinctionbetweenneutrinosandanti neutrinos 23 SeesawMechanism Whyisneutrinomasssosmall Needright handedneutrinostogenerateneutrinomass Toobtainm3 Dm2atm 1 2 mD mt M3 1015GeV GUT butnRSMneutral 24 GrandUnification electromagnetic weak andstrongforceshaveverydifferentstrengthsButtheirstrengthsbecomethesameat1016GeVifsupersymmetryToobtainm3 Dm2atm 1 2 mD mt M3 1015GeV Neutrinomassmaybeprobingunification Einstein sdream M3 Dimopoulos Raby Wilczek MatterAnti matterAsymmetryWhydoweexist 26 Big BangNucleosynthesisCosmicMicrowaveBackground Thuan Izatov Burles Nollett Turner 27 28 BaryonAsymmetryEarlyUniverse Theybasicallyhaveallannihilatedawayexceptatinydifferencebetweenthem 10 000 000 001 10 000 000 000 29 BaryonAsymmetryCurrentUniverse Theybasicallyhaveallannihilatedawayexceptatinydifferencebetweenthem 1 us 30 Sakharov sConditionsforBaryogenesis Necessaryrequirementsforbaryogenesis BaryonnumberviolationCPviolationNon equilibrium G DB 0 G DB 0 PossiblenewconsequencesinProtondecayCPviolation 31 OriginalGUTBaryogenesis GUTnecessarilybreaksB AGUT scaleparticleXdecaysout of equilibriumwithdirectCPviolationNowdirectCPviolationobserved e ButkeepsB L 0 anomalywashout Alsomonopoleproblem 32 Anomalywashout Actually SMviolatesB butnotB L InEarlyUniverse T 200GeV W ZaremasslessandfluctuateinW ZplasmaEnergylevelsforleft handedquarks leptonsfluctuatecorrespon dingly DL DQ DQ DQ DB 1 B L 0 33 TwoMainDirections B L 0getswashedoutatT TEW 174GeVElectroweakBaryogenesis Kuzmin Rubakov Shaposhnikov StartwithB L 0First orderphasetransition non equilibriumTrytocreateB L 0Leptogenesis Fukugita Yanagida CreateL 0somehowfromL violationAnomalypartiallyconvertsLtoB Leptogenesis 35 Leptogenesis YougenerateLeptonAsymmetryfirst GenerateLfromthedirectCPviolationinright handedneutrinodecayTwogenerationsenoughforCPviolationbecauseofMajorananature choose1 3 LgetsconvertedtoBviaEWanomaly Morematterthananti matter Wehavesurvived TheGreatAnnihilation 36 DoesLeptogenesisWork Muchmoredetailsworkedout Buchm ller Pl macher Pilaftsis 1010GeVnROKSometensionwithsupersymmetrybecauseofunwantedgravitinooverproductionWaysaround coherentoscillationofright handedsneutrino HM Yanagida Hamaguchi 37 DoesLeptogenesisWork Sometensionwithsupersymmetry unwantedgravitinooverproductiongravitinodecaydissociateslightnucleidestroysthesuccessofBig BangNucleosynthesisNeedTRH 109GeV Kawasaki Kohri Moroi 38 LeptogenesisWorks Coherentoscillationofright handedsneutrino Bose Einsteincondensate HM Yanagida Hamaguchi InflationendswithalargesneutrinoamplitudeStartsoscillationdominatestheUniverseItsdecayproducesasymmetryConsistentwithobservedoscillationpatternisocurvaturefluctuation 10 7 39 Canweproveitexperimentally WestudiedthisquestionatSnowmass2001 Ellis Gavela Kayser HM Chang Unfortunately no itisdifficulttoreconstructrelevantCP violatingphasesfromneutrinodataBut wewillprobablybelievei