简单句的知识.doc

Day 1英语句法的基础知识：一句子成分：1）主语部分：一个句子所谈论的对象， 即这个句子是讲的“谁”或“什么”。多由名词（短语）或代词(she,he, it等)充当，也可由动词的_形式充当，主语部分也可以是一个句子，这样的句子叫做主语从句。2）谓语部分：表示主语干什么或者怎么样或是什么的成分。由各种_短语来充当。谓语部分的核心是_词。a. Unlike a single advertisement, an ad campaign is an organized programme of advertisements using various kinds of ads to reach a particular audience.b. The way to advertise a product should depend mainly on the target audience.c. To all the students delight, the film maker promised to give them a talk about the process of film-making.d. The young man went on to win his first World Heavyweight Boxing Championship in 1964.e. Deng Yaping, known as a winner of four Olympic gold medals in 1992 and 1996, became an IOC member in 2000.二简单句的知识：句子分为简单句和复杂句两种1）简单句的结构：简单句就是一个主语(Subjec)加一个谓语动词(简称V, 分及物动词Vt和不及物动词Vi)构成的小句子。一个简单句有且只能有一个谓语动词，如果再需要用动词就只能用非谓语动词（ing形式，不定式，-ed分词）,它们不做谓语动词，而做主语(-ed分词不做主语)，定语，状语，表语，宾语补足语。如：Feeling embarrassed is something often experienced by us.The women feeling embarrassed will cry soon.Feeling embarrassed about their childrens bad behaviors, the women broke into tears.The story is very boring.Bored with the story, the children fell asleep.The children are bored with the story.They found the boys bored with the story.They expected the story to be boring.2）谓语动词的选择：那么，如果你要用一个简单句表达一句话，而其中有两个或两个以上的动词，哪一个用作谓语动词，哪一个用作非谓语动词呢？答案是：表达最主要的动作行为的动词作谓语动词，其余的用作非谓语动词，如：a. 为了吸引公众的注意，广告商把广告放置在一个显眼的(noticeable)地方。（attrac ones attention, place）b. 引起影迷的关注成为每一个演员的目标。(attract ones attention, become)c. 由于觉得冷，小狗蜷缩在火炉的旁边。英语句子的谓语动词有三种特征在句子中要体现：a. 时态: 表示动作行为发生的时间：是过去，现在还是将来；以及动作行为的状态是已经发生了，还是习惯行为，还是正在进行). 如：表示现在的习惯行为的时态叫做_时态，谓语动词的形式是_; 表示将来某个时候正在发生的动作行为的时态叫_，谓语动词的形式是 _.b. 语态: 动作和行为和主语之间是被动还是主动关系，属于前者叫被动语态，谓语动词形式为_; 属于前者叫主动语态，谓语动词形式为 doc. 人称和数：有的时态还有人称和数的差别，如：一般现在时太的第三人称单数主动语态为does,被动为is done, 第一人称单数主动语态为do, 被动语态为 am done现在完成时态的第三人称单数的主动语态为has done, 被动为_.所以在写英语句子的时候要记住英语简单句的骨干结构：主语+一个谓语动词短语2) 复杂句的结构由两个或者两个以上的简单句构成，每两个简单句之间有且只有一个连词来连接这两个分句，表示两个分句之间的逻辑关系。如：and表示_关系，or表示_关系，while表示对比关系。引导各种从句的引导词也就是连词，起着连接主句和从句的作用，表示主句和从句之间的逻辑关系。如：because /as/ since表示后面的从句是主句的_（即引导_状语从句）, so表示后面的从句是主句的_(即引导_状语从句)，that表示后面的句子修饰主句中的名词（即引导定语从句），so that 表示后面的从句是主句的目的或者结果，即引导目的或者结果状语从句, where表示后面的从句是主句的动作发生的_（即引导地点状语从句），等等。用恰当的连词填空：So that, that, and, because, so, while，where，or, but1. The police are patrolling(巡逻) the street _ no thieves dare to steal from the shops.2. Our opponent trained hard during the break time _ we did nothing but have fun by playing computer games.3. The football team _ won the European Cup is coming to the worlds attention.4. He parked his car _ nobody could see it.5. We wanted very much to attend the party, _ we were not allowed _ they didnt have seats for us.所以复杂句的结构是：一个简单句（主语+谓语动词短语）+连词+第二个简单句（主语+谓语动词短语）(+ 连词+第三个简单句（主语+谓语动词短语）。)同一个中文句子，你可能既可以翻译成英文简单句，也可以用复杂句, 如：1. 由于经理感觉它有意义，他昨天同意了我们提出的那个建议。As the manager felt it significant, he approved the proposal that we had put forward yesterday.Feeling it signifi