高中英语作文四大体裁.doc

英语写作四种体裁一如何写好英语记叙文记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要表达手段来记人、叙事、写景、状物的一种文体。通常分为三类：1.记人物为主，以人物为中心，围绕这个人物来写一两件事。2.事件为主，以事件为中心，围绕中心事件，写一个或几个人。3.景状物为主。但是“人以事显，事由人生”，人和事是密不可分的。在一篇记叙文中，记人、写景、叙事往往是交织在一起的，但各有侧重。在写记叙文时通常应遵循以下几点：1. 在下笔时先要定下内容和中心。定内容就是常说的选材，选材要注意一是新颖，二是真实。定中心时要注意一是明确，二是集中。2. 要交待要素，即时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。3. 要力求内容具体。4. 要根据文章的中心确定详略并且要得当。5.写作时要注意时态和人称。一般用第一人称写本人的经历和耳闻目睹的事情，用第三人称写他人经历的事情，记叙文所记的一般是过去发生的事情，所以原则上通常用过去时态来写。An Unforgettable NightAt 10 oclock last Saturday night I came out of the cinema. It was cold and the road was covered with snow.Suddenly I saw a woman fall off her bike. She couldnt get up. I ran to her at once and tried to help her to sit up. She said that her right leg was broken. I was worrying about when a young policeman came over. He called a taxi. I took her to a hospital and telephoned her family about the matter. As I saw the woman was well looked after, I said goodbye to her.I felt happy I could help the woman and I also hope she will be soon getting well.【评析】本文是一篇典型的三段文章，第一段介绍人物、时间及故事的背景；第二段写事件过程；第三段写感受。全文结构紧凑，情节完整。下面几幅画介绍的是星期一早晨发生在高中一年级教室内的一件事。请根据这几幅画的内容写一篇记叙文。 注意：1. 叙述须包含所有图画的内容，可以适当增加细节，使故事连贯；2. 词数100左右；3. 戴帽者为李明，另一个学生是王刚。It was Monday. Li Ming was the first to come to the classroom. When he came to his seat， however， he found his bench was broken. Seeing there was nobody around， he decided to change benches with Wang Gang， whose seat was just behind his， and so he did. After a while， Wang Gang came. When he saw the broken bench， he carried it out of the classroom. Wondering what he was going to do， Li Ming came out and found that he had begun to repair the broken bench. Li Mings face went red. He got a hammer and said to Wang Gang，“Lets repair it together. ”二说明文写作说明文宜用三段式：第一段主要介绍要说明的对象及说明的目的；第二段说明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步骤；第三段进行总结概括。时态通常用一般现在时。写作时应遵循以下几个步骤：一、仔细审题，明确说明对象，抓住要说明的事物或事理的主要特征。二、说明顺序（时间、空间或逻辑）分层次进行说明，注意条理清晰。三、说明方法，比如定义法、举例法、比较法和细节描述法等，不要遗漏主要内容。四、根据说明顺序及内容确定过渡词和恰当的句型结构。文字应客观、简洁、明了，不要追求华丽和加入太多个人观点。以下将就高考中常见的三种说明文类型进行具体的写作指导。【如何进行方位说明】在介绍一个地点时，首先要抓住该地点的特征，通常建议考生采用以下两种说明顺序：1、选择中心坐标进行说明：在介绍规则排列的方位或有多个建筑物时，先选定中心坐标，然后再就其前后左右的其他建筑物进行说明。这样写作可以突出重点，语言也会非常紧凑。2、按照参观的顺序进行说明：介绍不规则排列的方位时，可以按照参观的顺序，选择好起点，然后逐一进行介绍。Thank you for your last letter asking about our library. Here is some information about it.Located between the garden and the teaching building, our school library situates in the center of the school and has beautiful surroundings. It has all kinds of books, magazines and newspapers providing us with all kinds of knowledge and the latest information. According to the rules, each student can borrow no more than 5 books at a time for at most 10 days, and it is open from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m every day except weekends, which makes it convenient for us students to read in it or to borrow books from it.The school library is our favorite place after class. We enjoy reading in it.点评：该生作文属于第五档（23分）。考生充分理解了题目要求，带着一种自豪的语气但又很客观准确地介绍了学校图书馆。写作内容覆盖了两幅图中所有要点，在说明第一幅图时采用了选择中心坐标法，在说明第二幅图时将图书馆规则和便于学生使用结合起来，逻辑非常清晰，全文结构紧凑。该考生对倒装句、定语从句使用熟练恰当，行文流畅。完全达到了预期的写作目的。【如何说明做某事的具体方法】说明如何做事情的作文属于事理性说明文。生活中这类文章有很多，也很实用，比如说明如何使用一件新产品、如何包饺子，如何学外语、如何查英语字典、如何上网查资料、如何保持身体健康、如何办理出国签证等。要写好事理类说明文，首先要限制说明的事物和范围，根据题目要求抓住一点去写，拣主要内容去写，不要泛泛而谈、东拉西扯。其次，一定要注意在说明时条理清晰。写这类说明文通常按照逻辑顺序或时间顺序。先做什么，后做什么，为什么要这样做。假设你校举办看图征文活动，题目为“How to Protect Our Eyesight”。请你用英语写一篇短文，指出图中所反映的现象，并从阅读时间、光线、眼睛保健及睡眠等方面，谈谈保护视力的具体方法。注意：1词数：不少于100词；2可适当加入细节，以便使行文连贯。参考词汇：近视 short-sighted How to Protect Our EyesightNowadays, when you enter any middle school classroom, you can hardly find any student without glasses on their nose, as we can see from the picture above. How to protect our eye sight has become an important lesson that every teenagers should learn.To begin with, students must set a limit to their reading time and guarantee enough sleep. Remember to take a break every now and then while reading. In addition, avoid reading in dim light which will do harm to the eyes. Whats more, it is also important to take eye-exercise and have a healthy diet.If we can do what has been mentioned above, we can protect our eyesight and say farewell to glasses.点评: 该文章为第五档文（23分）。该生准确地理解了题目要求，先说明图片内容，再根据提示说明保护视力的方法，内容完整，要点齐全。在说明事理的过程中注意了过渡词的使用，条理清晰。语言方面使用了祈使句，状语从句、主语从句和定语从句使用恰到好处。并且用了不少固定短语为文章增色，出色地完成了写作目的。 三 议论文写作 议论文，大多有具体要点(即论点或论据)的限定，所以不需要旁征博引。但是，麻雀虽小，五脏俱全，一篇100来字的议论文，同样必须逻辑严密，结构清晰，语言洗练，必须论有中心，言而有据。一、围绕中心论述，确保论述的内容直接为主题服务 二、应用修辞，增强说服力 ,简洁洗练，要言不烦 三、多用书面语，少用口头语 ,合理使用连接词 通知:多用将来时态，其中的注意事项，一般用祈使句来强调。语言要简洁明了，条理清晰，要求精确，特别是时间概念很重要，必须写得十分明确，不容丝毫含糊。假如你是高三(2班班长，)，你班要在5月4日即下星期六去庐山郊游。请你拟一份通知，准备向同学们宣读。内容包括：1、郊游日期：5月4日，下星期六;2、主要内容：攀登比赛、摄影等;3、早餐后8点坐校车出发，午餐自带，下午3点回校;4、欢迎全体同学参加。凡参加者先登记并交给班长5元钱。注意：通知词数约70120。要求意思连贯。An Outing to LushanAn AnnouncementClass, please be quiet. I am glad to tell you that we have decided to have an outing to Lushan next Saturday, May 4th. The expense is about five yuan. Those who wish to go should put down the names on this piece of paper and give the money to me. We will go by school bus which is to start after breakfast at 8:00 a. m. and come back to school at 3:00 p.m. Remember to bring your lunch with you.Well have a conte