economist经济学人文摘(中英双语)：How to be urban.doc

Green.view绿色观察How to be urban 未来之城市Some enterprising architects grapple with the cityscapes of the 2030s一些富有进取精神的设计师在努力构思2030年的城市景观Jun 1st 2010 | From The Economist onlineTHERE is a hole in the green imagination about 20 years away. In the short termthe next ten years, saythe environmentalists vision is usually of a world similar to this one with a bit less of one thing (carbon dioxide) and a bit more of a panoply of others (windmills, forests, smartgrids and the like). In the far off future of 2050 and beyond, the world is meant to look very different indeed. Carbon-dioxide emissions should, by then, be less than half what they are now; in todays rich countries they should have fallen by 90% or so. This means entirely new infrastructures and technologies, and perhaps entirely new ways of life, too.20年以后的事情总是难以想象。在未来10年的短期内，据说环保主义者所憧憬的是二氧化碳排放量有所下降，而风力发电、森林植被、智能电网等壮观的场景有所增加的一个世界。2050年及以后的遥远岁月里，世界与现在相比肯定要有天翻地覆的变化。那时，二氧化碳的排放量要比现在少一半以上；现今富裕国家的排放量应该下降90左右。这意味着需要全新的基础设施和技术，也许还有全新的生活方式。That, however, leaves something of a disconnect around 2030. So there is a need to imagine a sort of bridge between the now-like near future and the Utopian not-so-near one. The Audi Urban Future Award, a project unveiled at a conference in London on May 28th, aims to help. Six innovative architectural practices have been asked to produce projects with a vision for 2030. The results will be revealed at the Venice Architecture Biennale later this summer, and the winner will receive 100,000 ($123,000). 这样，大约在2030年左右就会出现一个断层。因此，有必要在貌似接近未来生活的设想与不太实际的乌托邦式的想象之间搭建某种形式的的桥梁。5月28日在伦敦的一次会议上推出了“奥迪城市未来”大奖赛，该赛事的目的旨在对此有所帮助。要求6家具有创新精神的建筑设计单位以2030年的视野拿出项目的设计方案。大赛的结果将于今年夏天晚些时候在“威尼斯建筑双年展”会期间公布，最终获胜者将获得10万欧元（12.3万元美元）的奖金。The six competing firms are a cross-section of architectures youngish avant garde. Alison Brooks Architects, of London, has a strong background in urban planning. The Bjarke Ingels Group from Copenhagen is experimental and playful. Diller Scofidio + Renfro are perhaps best known for a building defined by a cloud of water droplets built for an expo in Switzerland. Cloud 9 of Barcelona looks for buildings that are sensitive to their local climate and conditions. Jrgen Mayer H, from Germany, has produced a remarkable roof for a market square in Seville. And Standard-architecture of Beijing gave a remarkable presentation of its city surrounded by green skyscrapers like man-made versions of the Guilin mountains.这6家参与竞争的公司代表了年轻而前卫的建筑设计流派。位于伦敦的艾莉森布鲁克斯建筑有限公司（Alison Brooks）在城市规划方面实力雄厚。哥本哈根的BIG(Bjarke Ingels Group)公司经验丰富又幽默风趣。迪勒史柯菲迪欧+仁弗洛建筑设计事务所(Diller Scofidio + Renfro)也许以设计了瑞士的一个博览会上的一栋建筑而闻名，这栋建筑可以说就是一个由小水滴组成的大雾团。巴塞罗那的九朵云公司（Cloud 9）积极探索适合当地气候和条件的建筑设计。德国的于尔根迈耶（Jrgen Mayer H）公司曾为塞维利亚市的一个集市广场设计了不同寻常的屋顶。来自北京的“标准营造”公司曾令人赞叹的描述了未来北京城的景观。城市四周环绕着符合环保标准的摩天大楼，这些建筑就好像是些人造的桂林山峦一样。There was, indeed, an odd orderliness about many of the presentations, not least in the way they dealt with cars. Pretty much all of the presentations assumed that cars would be self-piloting within 20 years, and that their interiors would, to some extent, be transformed into extensions of living spaces. 在描述未来城市的许多方面，特别是涉及到汽车，却令人不可思议的出现了非常一致的观点。会上几乎所有的报告人都设想今后20年内汽车将具有自动驾驶的能力，其内部空间在一定程度上成为生活空间的延伸。Some suggested a sort of descendant of the iPad offering an interface between car and passengers, an idea that seemed to emphasise the way in which the vehicles would feel like blank slates. But if the iPad was one of the common themes joining many of the presentations, reminding the audience that Audi is not the only company in the smooth, cool aluminium business, another repeated image was that of Steve McQueen behind the wheel of a Mustang in the film “Bullitt”, looking very unlike a man who just happened to be sitting in a room that moved. How the notion of power and autonomy built into the car and its associated desires can be domesticated in ever denser cities will be a crucial matter for at least some of these practices to deal with in their finished projects.有些人建议采用一种由苹果iPad平板电脑发展而来的装置作为乘客和汽车间的交互界面，这种想法似乎是要强调汽车要像块“白板”(Blank Slates)一样，完全受乘客影响和控制。既然iPad是许多报告人在演讲中都提到的一个主题，需要提醒听众的是，奥迪并不是热心于这种有着平滑的铝合金壳，外观奇酷的装置的唯一一家公司，人们经常提到的另一个人物是在电影布利特(Bullitt)中驾驶着“福特野马”车的史蒂夫麦奎因 （Steve McQueen），无法想像他只是偶然坐进了这间会移动的房子里。在新概念汽车中，汽车具有什么样的能力和自主性，人类对它的一些设想能否适应人口越来越密集的城市环境是这类汽车能否成功的关键，至少是这些竞赛参与单位的设计方案能否成功的关键。Another, more radical step would be to question the notion of personal mobility itself. At the moment, people need such mobility because there are things they want to bring home as well as places they need to get to. Electronic networks may change that. It is not completely far-fetched to imagine charming, vast and dense cities in which most human movement takes place on foot while most movement of goods is by robot delivery systems.另一个更激进的步骤将是对个人出行的观念本身提出质疑。目前，人们需要这样的出行方式，因为他们需要在离家较远的商店购物，需要到较远的地方去。电子网络也许能够改变这种生活方式。在一个人口稠密的大城市里环境优美而宜人，大多数人的出行靠双腿，而大多数商品的配送由机器人控制的运输系统来完成，这种设想并非完全不可思议。But perhaps the whole exercise is misconceived. Cities are perfect examples of the sorts of system that emerge from unplanned preferences even as they seem to demand large-scale planning. The question is whether the patterns of that emergence can be shaped by changing the objects of desire, or whether it is necessary to change the desire itself. If the former, then experts in beautiful buildings and sleek