计算机英语实用教程Unit 10.doc

司爱侠 张强华 宋德富 张美兰 编著 计算机英语实用教程 电子教案 Unit 10 Applications 教学目的 Learn about the English terms of Applications boot click notebook ASP backup CD R CD RW and etc Improve the students ability to understand the long and difficult sentences in the text Master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text consolidate the technical terms and important professional phrases by doing exercises 教学重点难点 Important technical terms boot 启动 click 点击 notebook 笔记本电脑 ASP 动态服务器主页 backup 备份 CD R 可写光盘 CD RW 可改写光盘 DVD 数字化视频光盘 clipboard 剪贴板 compression 压缩 default setting 默认设置 icon 图标 password 密码 virus 病毒 MPEG 运动图像专家组 OCR 光学字符识别软件 extension 扩展名 cookie 小甜饼 applet 小 Java 程序 DSL 数字用户线路 Difficult sentences 1 Usually used as a marketing term to describe a Web site that is or is intended to be the first place people see when using the Web 2 A computer on the same network as an infected computer or that uses an infected disk even a floppy or that downloads and runs an infected program can itself become infected 3 Note also that different platforms have different general levels of resistance UNIX machines are almost immune Win 95 98 ME is quite vulnerable and most others lie somewhere in between 4 MPEG A family of multimedia standards developed by the Motion Picture Experts Group commonly used to refer to audio or visual files saved with MPEG compression schemes 5 Encryption A process that turns files into gobbledegook so that they cannot be read other than by programs containing the appropriate password protected encryption software 6 Applets differ from full fledged Java applications in that they are not allowed to access certain resources on the local computer such as files and serial devices modems printers etc and are prohibited from communicating with most other computers across a network 7 A common configuration of DSL allows downloads at speeds of up to 1 544 megabits not megabytes per second and uploads at speeds of 128 kilobits per second This arrangement is called ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Review the important points of essential English will 表示 通常会 by default have uses for 司爱侠 张强华 宋德富 张美兰 编著 计算机英语实用教程 电子教案 教学步骤 Step One Read and explain Text A to the students and ask the students to keep in mind the following professional terms boot 启动 Starting up an OS is booting it click 点击 To press a mouse button notebook 笔记本电脑 A notebook is a small laptop with similar price performance and battery life ASP 动态服务器主页 Active Server Pages backup 备份 To make a second copy of a file as a safety measure CD R 可写光盘 Compact Disk CD RW 可改写光盘 Compact Disc Re Writable format DVD 数字化视频光盘 Digital Video Disk clipboard 剪贴板 A section of a computer s memory where you can temporarily copy chunks of text data graphics or pictures compression 压缩 A technique to reduce the size of a file in order to make it more manageable and quicker to download default setting 默认设置 The computer or software settings made by the manufacturer icon 图标 A small picture displayed on screen to identify a command or file password 密码 A code used to gain access login to a locked system virus 病毒 A virus is a program that will seek to duplicate itself in memory and on disks but in a subtle way that will not immediately be noticed MPEG 运动图像专家组 Motion Picture Experts Group OCR 光学字符识别软件 Optical Character Recognition CSS 层次式样表 Cascading style sheets extensions 扩展名 Files are identified by a three letter or number code called an extension cookie 小甜饼 A cookie is a small file that a web page on another machine writes to your personal machine s disk to store various bits of information applet 小 Java 程序 A small Java program that can be embedded in an HTML page DSL 数字用户线路 Digital Subscriber Line Step Two Help the students to analyze the following long difficult sentences 1 Usually used as a marketing term to describe a Web site that is or is intended to be the first place people see when using the Web 本句解释 portal portal 原义 a large and often highly decorated entrance to a building 一 幢建筑高大而带有装饰的入口处 到了网络 其意思是 a site that the owner positions as an entrance to other sites on the internet 被译作 门户网站 used as a marketing term 用作 推销术语 to describe a Web site that is or is intended to be the first place people see when using the Web 把网站描述成访问网络时的首站 全句的参考译文可以是 portal 为门 司爱侠 张强华 宋德富 张美兰 编著 计算机英语实用教程 电子教案 户网站 通常为销售术语 描述一个网站是或打算成为人们上网时最先到的地方 告诫学 生不要与 portable 便携的 混淆 两者非同根词 毫无意思相连 2 A computer on the same network as an infected computer or that uses an infected disk even a floppy or that downloads and runs an infected program can itself become infected 本句讲了一台计算机遇到三种情况自己就会感染病毒 主干句子为 A computer can itself become infected 为了表明三种情况 主语后有长长的修饰语 把它和动词分割 第 一种情况是 On the same network as an infected computer 与遭遇感染的计算机在同一网 络 第二种情况是 that uses an infected disk even a floppy 使用感染病毒的磁盘 即便 是软盘 第三种情况 that downloads and runs an infected program 下载并运行感染病毒 的程序 3 Note also that different platforms have different general levels of resistance UNIX machines are almost immune Win 95 98 ME is quite vulnerable and most others lie somewhere in between 本句继续讲病毒 先说 不同的平台 即操作系统 抵抗病毒的水平是不同的 接着 举例说 UNIX 几乎是免疫的 再说另外几个平台 Win 95 98 ME 相当容易受攻击 大部分其它平台介于两者之间 4 MPEG A family of multimedia standards developed by the Motion Picture Experts Group commonly used to refer to audio or visual files saved with MPEG compression schemes 本句解释 MPEG 说它是 多媒体标准家族的一员 后面跟两个 ed 分词补充说明 由运动图像专家组开发 通常用来指以 MPEG 压缩格式保存的音频和视频文件 5 Encryption A process that turns files into gobbledegook so that they cannot be read other than by programs containing the appropriate password protected encryption software 本句解释 Encryption 加密 先看其中的一个难单词 Gobbledegook language especially used in official letters forms and statements which seems difficult or meaningless because you do not understand it 冗长的官样文章 冗繁而难解的文字或语言 不让人读懂 开始先说 把文件转换为难以理解的密文的处理过程 接着用 other than 引出 by 短语 表 示 与包含有适当的通过口令加密保护的程序不一样 6 Applets differ from full fledged Java applications in that they are not allowed to access certain resources on the local computer such as files and serial devices modems printers etc and are prohibited from communicating with most other computers across a network differ from in that 经常用来表示区别所在 从语法角度说 in that 是从属连词 表示 原因 但翻译时可以直接输出不同之处 参考译文 Applet 与完整的 Java 应用程序不同 它们不能访问本地计算机上的某些资源 如文件和串行设备 调制解调器 打印机等 也 禁止与大多数其它计算机通过网络通信 7 A common configuration of DSL allows downloads at speeds of up to 1 544 megabits not megabytes per second and uploads at speeds of 128 kilobits per second This arrangement is 司爱侠 张强华 宋德富 张美兰 编著 计算机英语实用教程 电子教案 called ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 本句讲 DSL 下载和上传的速度是不对称的 因此叫做 ADSL 即 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line 不对称数字用户线路 Step Three Review the important idioms of essential English 1 Will is used when referring to something that always or usually happens 表示 通常会 总是 不是纯粹将来 翻译时要把这层意味表达出来 如 Accidents will happen 事故总是要发生的 Fruit will keep longer in the fridge 水果放在冰箱里保存的时间肯定要长一些 The product with the better known brand name will always sell better 名气大一点的产品 总是好卖一点 She s 85 now but she will insist on doing all her own housework 她 85 岁了 但总是坚 持做自己的全部家务 本文中的好几个 will 都是表达了这个意思 1 Default setting The computer or software settings made by the manufacturer These will remain in place unless you decide to change them 由厂家对计算机或软件进行的设置 这些设置一般总是一般总是一直保持着 除非你决定改变 它 2 Clicking on an executable file will start the program running 点击一个可执行文件通常是通常是开始一个程序的运行 3 Many word processors use an icon of a magnifying glass to indicate it will start a search function 许多文字处理程序用一个放大镜图标标识通常通常表示启动一个检索功能 4 A virus is a program that will seek to duplicate itself in memory and on disks but in a subtle way that will not immediately be noticed 病毒是一个总是会总是会把自己复制到内存或磁盘的程序 但以狡猾的方式 通常通常不让人们立 即注意 2 by default default a standard setting esp of computer software 标准 默认设计 尤其在计算机软件 中 如 The default color of text on the screen is black 课文的默认设计颜色是黑色 by default If something happens by default it happens only because something else does not happen 此事的发生是由于别的事情不发生 翻译时要灵活处理 No one else stood in the election so he won by default 没有别人参加竞选 这样他就没没 有悬念地有悬念地当选了 课文中有关 Cookie 的那句 it should be noted that both Netscape and MS IE have silent cookie reception enabled by default 应该注意 网景和微软的 IE 不让人选择不让人选择 大家也就默默地接收 小甜饼 了 3 have uses for 或 find a use for 司爱侠 张强华 宋德富 张美兰 编著 计算机英语实用教程 电子教案 如 Can you find a use for this box 你能发现这个箱子有什么用处吗 这个箱子对你 有用吗 本文中一句 Sites that maintain shopping carts or remember a reader s last position have legitimate uses for cookies 提供网络购物车的网站和记录读者最后位置的网站都合理地使用 小甜饼 Step Four Text B 难句解析 1 Computer networks facilitate the interoperability of computer systems and allow a plurality of users to share various elements such as data applications programs peripherals and communication links to other networks and files 主语 Computer networks 和两个并列的谓语动词 facilitate 和 allow 表述计算机 网络的两大功能 分别是 确保计算机系统协同工作 让很多用户共享各种资源 如数 据 应用程序 外围设备以及与其它网络和文件通信链接 2 Local area networks can be interconnected to other networks in other parts of a building or in other cities this type of configuration being commonly referred to as a wide area network or WAN 本句说的是 LAN 局域网 和 WAN 广域网 相互过度关系 局域网能够与一幢建 筑的别的部分或其它城市的网络互联 这种配置类型通常被叫做广域网 注意 this type of configuration being commonly referred to as a wide area network or WAN 是名词 被动分词 短语的独立结构 起补充说明的作用 3 Wire usually refers to a central electrical conductor surrounded by a layer of insulation while cable generally refers to a central conductor surrounded by insulation with a second conductor of foil or braid surrounding the first layer of insulation and a second layer of insulation surrounding the second conductor 本句讲电线和电缆的区别 a central electrical conductor 一根中央电导线 surrounded by a layer of insulation 外边裹有一层绝缘材料 a central conductor surrounded by insulation 外边有绝缘层的导线 with a second conductor of foil or braid surrounding the first layer of insulation 第二层箔导线或编织物覆盖在第一层的绝缘层上 a second layer of insulation surrounding the second conductor 第二层的绝缘层覆盖在第二层的导体线上 最 后的 with 界词短语的复合结构有两个名词 ing 分词结构 具体说明了电缆的结构 全句 参考译文 电线是指外边裹有一层绝缘材料的电导线 而电缆通常指的是外边裹有绝缘 层的导线 还有第二层箔导线或金属筛网覆盖在第一层的绝缘层上 第二层的绝缘层再覆 盖在第二层的导体线上 4 Electrical cables and particularly electric power cables for medium and high voltages are composed of a plurality of polymer layers extruded around the electric conductor 主语是 Electrical cables 谓语动词 are composed of and particularly electric power cables for medium and high voltages 是主语的同位语 a plurality of polymer layers extruded around the electric conductor 外面裹有多层压缩聚合物 全句的参考译文 电缆线 尤 司爱侠 张强华 宋德富 张美兰 编著 计算机英语实用教程 电子教案 其是中压和高压的电力电缆线的导线外面裹有多层压缩聚合物 5 The advantages in using twisted wires include more compact wiring and the minimization of inductance effects between the wires 主语是 The advantages in using twisted wires 使用绞线电线的优点 谓语动词 include 两个宾语 more compact wiring and the minimization of inductance effects between the wires 可以把更多的电线捆在一起 使得电线间的电感影响降到最小 6 A network switch for routing packets between network buses includes a set of input switch ports for receiving packets arriving on the network buses a set of output switch ports for forwarding packets outward on the network buses and a switch fabric for routing packets between the input and output switch ports 本句讲网络交换机的结构和功能 routing packets between network buses 数据包在网 络总线间的转发 input switch ports 输入交换机端口 switch fabric Switching fabric is the combination of hardware and software that moves data coming in to a network node out by the correct port door to the next node in the network 交换结构 全句的参考译文 网络交换 机负责数据包在网络总线间的转发 它包括一套输入交换机端口 负责接收通过网络总线 到达的信息包 也包括一套输出交换机端口 负责把信息包继续在网络总线上传递 还有 一个交换结构负责信息包在输入和输出交换机端口的相互传送 7 The input port may convert each packet arriving on a network bus to a sequence of cells of uniform size which can be efficiently stored in uniformly sized buffer memory storage locations until the input port can forward them in proper sequential order through the switch fabric to one of the switch s output ports 主语 The input port 谓语动词 may convert to a sequence of cells of uniform size 统一大小按序排列的单元 uniformly sized buffer memory storage locations 统一大 小的缓冲内存贮存位置 本句中的定语从句很长 因为里边包含了一个长长的 until 从句 定语从句从逻辑上说是表示谓语动词 convert 的结果 参考译文如下 输入端口可以把每 一个从网络总线传输过来的信息包转换成大小统一的按序排列的单元 这样这些大小统一 的单元就能充分利用统一尺寸的缓冲内存储存起来 直到输入端口按照适当的顺序通过网 络结构传送它们到其中的某个交换机的输出端口 8 Bridges and routers are useful in that they allow