虚拟语气汇总.doc

The Subjunctive Mood1， 含if 的虚拟条件句She would have come, if she had not been so busy.If he had been here, he might have been able to help you.If I were you, I would consider their proposal.How nice it would be, if you could stay a bit longer.If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.*if 条件句中含were, had, should时,有时可省略if，将were, had, should移置主语前.Had he come a little earlier, I might have met him.Were he to leave tomorrow, I would go with him.Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth.2, suppose/supposing 相当于 what if ，可以引出虚拟条件句Suppose I accepted this offer, what would you say?Supposing the train were late, what should we do?3, 含蓄虚拟标志词：but that, but for, without, in the absence of, otherwise,I would have written the paper before, but that I have been ill.But that he saw it, he would not have believed it.But that he helps, I should fail.But for the rain, we would have had a pleasant journey.Without his aid, I could not have done it.In the absence of water, plants could not grow well.He was held up in the traffic; otherwise he would not have been late.4, 隐含在句子意义中的虚拟语气Born in better times, he would have done credit to the profession of letters.A more careful student would not have made such a mistake.In different circumstances, I could have said yes.Left to itself, the country would have achieved its unity.5, 表示建议，命令，请求等主观意愿的动词，后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(should do)suggest, propose, advise, recommend, move, vote（提议）order, command, instructdemand, request, require, ask, beg, urge（强烈要求）,insist, maintain,desire, prefer, decide, determine, etc.e.g. I suggest that he should set off straight away.6, 三种主语从句(should do)It is desired/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ decided/ arranged/ recommended, that sb. should do sth.It is a pity/ shame/ must that sb should do sthIt is strange/ appropriate/ desirable/ fitting/ impossible/ obligatory/ proper/ necessary/ incredible/ urgent/ possible/ essential/ advisable明智的/ natural/ important/ preferable/ ridiculous/ vital/ insistent紧急的/ imperative紧急必要的/crucial/ critical/ best/ better that sb should do sth7，名词后接表语从句或者同位语从句(should do)suggestion, proposal, advice, recommendation, motion,order, command, instructiondemand, request, requirement, insistence,desire, preference, decision, resolution,idea, plan, word, necessity, He gave order that the test should be finished before ten.My suggestion is that we should start out at once.8, wish, imagine后面加上一些不可能实现的事情时，用虚拟语气Just imagine everyone were to give up smoking.I wish it were spring all the year round.9, 在lest, for fear that, in case状语从句中用虚拟语气（should do ）She obeyed her husband in everything lest he should be angry.10, It is high / about time that somebody did somethingIt is time that we left.11, if only 感叹句中用虚拟语气“但愿/要是 就好了”If only I were not so nervous.12, 有时as if, as though从句中用虚拟语气He acted as if he were an expert.13, 有时though 让步状语从句中用虚拟语气Though the whole world were against me, I would do what I consider as right.14, S1 would rather that S2 （主句与从句的主语不一致时，从句中用虚拟语气）用一般过去时表示与现在事实相反的虚拟用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的虚拟I would rather that you did nothing about it for the time being.He would rather that you hadnt been so rude to her