定语从句教师版.doc

定语从句教学目标：1.掌握限制性定语从句的功能、结构和引导词的选择 2. 掌握非限制性定语从句的功能、结构和引导词的选择教学重点：1. 必须使用that作为引导词的定语从句2. 介词加引导词的定语从句，非限制性定语从句Lesson 1一. 定语从句的功能和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。二. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语or宾格。The person who broke the window must pay for it.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。The man whom you met just now is my friend.3. whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。=of which 或of whomThe girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.5.that既指人，又指物；在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。= (on / in / during which)He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。=(in / at which)This is the house where we lived last year.8.why 指原因，在定语从句中作状语。=for whichShe didnt tell me the reason why she was late for the meeting. 三.做题技巧：代入法 第一步：分清主从句 第二步：确定先行词 第三步：分析从句成分，以 主语 谓语 宾语 状语顺序。【牛刀小试】That was the room where we had lived for ten years.That was the room that / which we had lived in for ten years. I will never forget the days which/that I spent with my high school classmates.We will never forget the days when everyone strived for a common goal.The house whose roof is brown is mine.The house of which the roof is brown is mine.课堂练习一：1George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which2. This is the place_I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which3. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when4. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why5. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which6. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which7. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where8. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where9. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where10. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where答案：练习一ADCCA CDBDD四. 特殊情况1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。 All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only, no, any, all, few, little, much, every, some, no等词修饰或被the only, the very, the same, the last等词修饰时。 He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。 He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。 He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 当先行词是reason的时候，引导词用why。 I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.3. 当先行词是the way的时候，引导词可以是in which，可以是that，也可以省略引导词。 I didnt like the way he talked to me.Do you know the way in which I can get access to the internet?The way that he walks is interesting.4. 若主句中有疑问代词who，which 为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who， which。【总结】在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句, 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词, 引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that, as , 引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why, 关系代词在定语从句中做主语,宾语,定语, 关系副词在定语从句中做状语.课堂练习二：1. This is all _I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what3. The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it4. He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything. A. that B. which C. where D. in that6. This is one of the best books_. A. that have ever been written C. that has written B. that has ever been written D. that have written7. He wrote a letter to me, telling me everything _he saw on the way to the Paris. A. what B. that C. which D. where8. Is oxygen the only gas _helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it9. Is there anything _to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. which belongs D. that belong10. The scientist and his achievements _ you told me about are admired by us all. A. which B. that C. who D. whose11. Which of the books _were borrowed from him is the best? A. which B. what C. that D. whose答案:练习二 ABBBA ABABBC练习三：使用定语从句将两个单句并为一句并翻译成汉语例： He is the young writerHe wrote the bookHe is the young writer who wrote the book. 1. Do you see the clock?It strikes the hour here once an hour. 2. The foreign guest is Mr. Green You saw him at the school gate3.The recorder has been stolen Wang spent all the money on it. 4.The man looks like the actor Ive heard his songs on TV5. Bob has learned a lot in the army. He serves in the army6. Do you know the reason? The bridge was burnt down for the reason last year7. Yesterday was the special day On the day she won the prize8. The old worker is still working hard with us His hair has turned gray.9.The store is across the street They bought the bike in the store last week10.The exercise is wrong We did it last night答案：1. Do you see the clock that strikes the hour here once an hour ?2. The foreign guest whom you saw at the school gate is Mr. Green. 3. The recorder on which Wang spent all the money has been stolen. 4. The man looks like the actor whose songs Ive heard on TV. 5. Bob has learned a lot in the army where he serves. 6. Do you know the reason why the bridge was burnt down last year? 7. Yesterday was the special day when she won the prize.8. The old worker whose hair has turned grey is still working hard with us. 9. The store where they bought the bike last week is across the street. 10.The exercise which we did last night is wrong. 综合练习一1.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what2.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who3.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which4.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which5.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which6.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 7.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 8.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 9. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 10. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 11. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 12. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 13. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 14. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 15. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 16. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 17. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 18. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who 19. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 20. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 综合练习一答案：15 ABADC 610 BDDAB 1115 ADCDA 1620 BBACB综合练习一答案详解：1. A. The reason why was that.已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。2. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.3. A. 4. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.5. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.6. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.7. D. 8. D. 解析见5题.9. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.10. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.11. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.12. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.13. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“.的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。14. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。15. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。16. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。17. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some German friends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。18. A. 解释见5题。19. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。20. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。Lesson 2五介词+关系词引导的定语从句1. 牛刀小试 1. The foreign guest is Mr. Green You saw him at the school gateThe foreign guest whom I saw at the school gate is Mr. Green.2. The woman is here nowYou were talking about herThe woman whom you were talking about is here now.The woman about whom you were talking is here now. 3. The bus was the wrong one Xiao Li was running after itThe bus which Xiao Li was running after was the wrong.The bus after which Xiao Li was running was the wrong one.结论：当引导词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，可以讲介词提到引导词之前，共同引导定语从句。2. 知识要点1）. 直接位于介词之后的关系代词只能是which或whom，构成介词+which（指物）；介词+whom（指人）两种结构。He is a library assistant from whom I borrowed some books.It is a famous school from which he graduated 3 years ago.2）. 直接位于介词后面的关系代词不能省略，但如果将介词移于句子末尾而不位于关系代词之前时，可省。He is a library assistant (whom/that/who) I borrowed some books from.It is a famous school (which/that) he graduated from 3 years ago.3）. 关系副词when, where, why 可以相应地转化为：介词+which结构。This is the house where I lived two years ago.=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day when you joined our club?=Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?I dont know the reason why he said so.=I dont know the reason for which he said so.4）. 有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可以拆开，一般还是放在动语之后，不提前：He is the student (who/whom/that) the teachers are looking for.The number of the children (who/whom/that) she takes care of is 30.5）. 注意复杂介词短语+which或whom引导的定语从句，是高考考查热点。They finally climbed up the mountain, on top of which many strange birds were seen. Look at the photo. This is Mr. Green, in front of whom sit three students.6）. 不定代词+of+ which/ whom 引导的定语从句可化为of+ which/ whom+ 不定代词 结构；这也是高考常考点。其中用到的不定代词有some, any, none, both, all, many, a few, few, a little, little, either, neither, one, 等等。There are 40 students in our class, most of whom（=of whom most）like English.These are books written by Mark Twain, one of which（=of which one）was read to me by my fatherShe has two sons, neither of whom（=of whom neither）is a teacher.7）. 关系代词whose+名词 引导的定语从句可转化为 the+名词+of+ which / whom 或 of+ which/whom+ the +名词结构；of 表所属关系。【例】I live in a room whose windows are all broken.=I live in a room of which the windows are all broken.= I live in a room the windows of which are all broken.【例】This is my teacher whose handwriting is excellent.= This is my teacher the handwriting of whom is excellent.= This is my teacher of whom the handwriting is excellent.8）由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，当主从句主语一致时，定语从句可缩略为：介词+ which/whom+ to do 结构。I have a small room in which I live .=I have a small room in which to live.=I have a small room to live in.He has a good friend to whom he can turn for help.=He has a good friend to whom to turn for help.=He has a good friend to turn to for help.9）. 如何确定关系代词前的介词：将定语从句还原：构成两个搭配，即从句谓语部分与介词的适当搭配；介词与先行词的正确搭配。The picture _which he paid $100 was once owned by a king.解析：定语从句谓语是pay some money；先行词为the picture；还原句子即：He paid $100 _ the picture.在本句中填上合适介词；构成短语：pay some money for something。This is Tom Sawyer, _ whom his teacher is proud.解析：His teacher is proud _ Tom Sawyer.构成短语：be proud of练习四1. Do you know who lives in the building _there is a well? A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front of which D. in front which2. Ill never forget the day _I joined the League. A. on which B. in which C. which D. at which3. The woman _my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B. to whom C. to who D whom4. Jeanne was her old friend, _she borrowed a necklace. A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whom5. His glasses, _he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke its leg. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that6. she is a teacher of much knowledge, _much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom7. He built a telescope _he could study the skies. A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by it8. Do you know the reason _he was late? A. that B. which C. for what D. for which9. I have bought two ball pens, _writes well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them10. The Second World War _millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which11. China has many rivers,_ _the Changjiang River is the longest. A. which B. in which C. among which D. one of which12. This is the very knife _I used to cut apples yesterday. A. that B. by which C. which D. with which答案：CABBCDCDBADA六. 非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，缺少也不会影响全句的理解，在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，起前后都需要用逗号隔开。 引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词有： 指代对象指代人指代物主格whowhich, as 宾格whomwhich, as所有格of whom, whosewhich, of which, whose 引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有：when, where 注意事项： 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。 2. as有时也可用作关系代词 。as引导非限制性定语从句，若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放在句首，也可以放在句中。但which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放句中。 例句： As is reported in the newspaper，some artistic treasures will be on show at the exhibition on the weekend. 3. 在非限定性定语从句中，关系词不能用that。4. 在非限制定语从句中，也可以使用介词+which和介词+whom。1). Jeanne was her old friend, _she borrowed a necklace. A. from who B. from whom C. to that D. to whom2). she is a teacher of much knowledge, _much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom七限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别1. 限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧凑，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点，隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句或句中某个成分进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。比较： The old man has a son , who is in the army. The old man whose son is in the arm was sent to the hospital.2.限定性定语从句: 先行词可以用that 引导。 非限定性定语从句: 先行词不可以用that 引导。 3.限定性定语从句: 引导词有时可以省略。 非限定性定语从句:引导词不可以省略。 4.限定性定语从句:主句与从句不需要用逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句:主句与从句需要用逗号隔开。 5.限定性定语从句: 从句只修饰先行词。 非限定性定语从句:从句即可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个句子或句子的一部分。 练习五1._was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As2. Such signs _we use in the experiment_ Greek letters. A. as , are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is3. I passed him a large glass of whisky, _ he drank immediately . A. that B. as C. which D. who4. She is very good at dance, _everybody knows.A. that B. which C. who D. as5. It was raining, _was a pity. A. what B. that C. the which D. which6._has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As7. We do the same work _they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like8. The earth is round, _we all know.A. that B. which C. who D. as 答案：练习四 DACB DDBD练习六 定语从句汉翻英练习1. 我永远也忘不了我们共同生活和学习的那个秋天。autumnI will never forget the autumn when I studied and lived with you.I will never forget the autumn in which I studied and lived with you.2.他爱了20年的那个女孩昨天嫁人了。marryThe girl whom he had loved for 20 years married someone yesterday. 3.这就是你能在上面找到答案的那一页.This is the page ,where you can find the answer.This is the page ,which you can find the answer on.4.昨天他告诉我，是谁吃了我的苹果，那个苹果是我妈妈给我买的。Yesterday, He told me who had eaten my app