初中阅读理解之词义猜测题.pptx

godie 去死 初中阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧 授课老师 黄文婷 定义 分类 解题技巧 习题操练 猜测词义题 考查指定的词 短语或句子在特定语境中表达的具体含义 什么是猜测词义题 设问方式 1 Theword means inChinese 2 Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto 3 Theword couldbestbereplaced 替换 by 4 InParagraph2 theunderlined 划线的 word sentence means refersto 双引号 TomcallsZip thekeepdog because 1 Theunderlinedexpression givingahandto Paragraph3 isclosestinmeaningto 2 Theunderlinedexpression gohimonebetter inparagraph4means 3 Theunderlinedword them inparagraph1refersto 4 Theunderlinedword This Paragraph4 refersto 5 DolphinIntellegence isprobablyastoryaboutdolphins 猜测词义题分类 非指代型 根据语境推断某个词的意思 指代型 it they them this that等指代的对象进行判断 2011 2015年广州中考卷 解题技巧 一 语境法 二 构词法 瞻前顾后 联系上下文 词形变化现象和规则 解题技巧一 语境法 瞻前顾后 Idolreferstoapersonthatislovedandadmired 赞赏 verymuch 语境法 定义解释 a 以be 是 mean 意指 referto 指的是 为线索猜测词义 b 以becalledas 被称作 beconsideredas 被认为 bedefinedas 被定义为 为线索猜测词义 Motionmaybedefinedasacontinuous 连续不断的 changeofposition Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertained 使有兴趣 thechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats swallowing 吞 fire andothersimilartricks 把戏 语境法 定义解释 c 定语从句为线索来推测词义 d 以标点符号 括号 破折号 Tornadoes violentanddestructivewhirlwind normallyoccuronhot humid alittlewet day butnotnecessarilyinthesummer Whatdoestheword shoplifter mean AthiefB AguideinashopC theownerofashopD Aporter Yet shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems suchasshoplifters whoalwaystakeawaythingsfromtheshopwithoutpayingforthem 语境法 举例子 以列举的句子为线索猜测词义 特征词 suchas like forexample forinstance include consistof Definedmostbroadly folkloreincludesallthecustoms beliefandtraditionthatpeoplehavehandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration MynameisTom Iwanttojoinaclubinmyschool I mnotfamous 著名的 now butmaybeIcanbefamoussomeday Ican tsingordanceoract butIcandomanyotherthings Icanplaythreekindsofinstruments theguitar theviolinandthedrums IthinkIcanbeinthemusicclub MaybeIcanbeafamousmusician IliketoreadstorybooksandIcanwritestories MaybeIcanbeafamouswriter Ilikesportstoo butIamnotgoodatsports CanIjoinyou What sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword instruments inChinese A 乐谱B 乐器C 乐章D 琴 Theunderlinedword royal mightmean inChinese A 皇室的B 富裕的C 中产的D 平民的 WeknowthattheumbrellawasusedinancientEgyptandBabylonasasunshade Andtherewasastrangethingconnectedwithitsuse itbecameasymbolofhonorandauthority IntheFarEastinancienttimes theumbrellawasallowedtobeusedonlybyroyaltyorbythoseinhighofficesorbyroyalpeoplesuchasthekingsorqueens Havingaplanandknowinghowtoprioritizeisonething Thenextissue 问题 isknowinghowtomanageinterruptions Theremaybephonecalls informationrequestsandeventsthatoccurunexpectedly However youneedtodowhateveryoucantoconcentrateonthemaintasks Theword interruption inParagraph4 issimilarinmeaningto A processB disadvantageC disturbanceD emergency 语境法 对比转折 表转折关系的词 but while however insteadof ratherthan otherwise though unless notas as 以反义词和对比关系为线索猜测词义 Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway Now however everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil Whatdoestheunderlineword homely mean A beautifulB uglyC lovelyD notlookbeautiful Heissohomely notatallashandsomeashisbrother Theword awful inthepassagemeans A 美味的B 极好的C 糟糕的D 很快的 LastsummerJennyandherfriendshadabustriptoNewYork Shefeltveryrelaxedontheway Theyvisitedamuseum Butitwasreallycrowdedthereandthedisplay 展览 wasnotinterestingatall Theywenttodifferentrestaurantstohavedinner Somefoodwasquitedelicious butJennythoughtthefastfoodwasawful Whentheweatherwasfine theywenttothebeachtoswim Theseawasbeautiful andtheyhadagoodtime TheunderlinedwordsstraightA sinParagraph2meaninChinese A 全优B 及格C 中等D 不及格 Inmyearliestmemoriesmyfatherwasatall handsomeandsuccessfulman Helovedhisworkandfamily butwasuncomfortablewithhischildren AsachildIlovedhim asaschoolgirlandyoungadultIwasafraidofhim HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightA sinmystudyandunhappywithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotas successful ashewas WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends Iusedtotryhardtothinkupthingstosaytoprotectmyself Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase lifeforms inthelastparagraphmean A Messages B Tools C Intelligentbeings D Radiosignals HavebeingsfromspacealreadyvisitedEarth Probablynot saysShostak It salongwayaway However intelligentbeingsmaycontactusinotherway suchasradiosignals 信号 Infact theymaybetryingtocommunicatewithusnow butwedon thavetherighttoolstoreceivetheirmessages However thisischanging By2025 wecouldmakecontactwithotherlifeformsinouruniverseandwemighthelpeachother Whatdoestheunderlinedword ascend inParagraph3 mean A sink B move C rise D float Thepilotcancontroltheup and downmovementsofthehotairballoonbyregulatingtheheatintheenvelope Toascend thepilotheatstheairintheenvelopebutwhenthepilotisreadytoland theairintheballoonisallowedtocoolandtheballoonbecomesheavierthanair Thismakestheballoongodown Theunderlinedexpression gohimonebetter inparagraph4means A dosomethingevenworseB improvethesituationC pointouthismistakeD helphimout PaulandJasonwerebrotherswholivedandworkedonneighbouringfarms For35yearstheyfarmedsidebyside sharingmachineryandgoodsasneeded withoutasingleproblem However oneautumn thingschanged Itbeganwithatinydisagreementaboutahorse whichgrewintoamajordifference Thedifferenceledtoangrywords followedbyweeksofsilencebetweenthetwobrothers OnemorningtherewasaknockonPaul sdoor Heopeneditandsawabuilderholdinghistoolbox I mlookingforafewdays work thebuildersaid ArethereanyjobshereIcouldhelpwith Yes answeredPaul extremelypleasedtoseethebuilder Idohaveajobforyou Lookatthatfarmacrossthecreek 小溪 That smybrother sfarm Thatcreekusedtobeagrassfield butlastweekmybrotherdugapathfromtheriverandmadethecreek ButI llgohimonebetter SeethatpileofwoodIwantyoutobuildmeafence twometerstall soIwon tneedtoseehimanymore 语境法 因果关系 表示因果关系的特征词 since as because for so thus therefore dueto resultfrom asaresult forthisreason sothat so that such that SinceIcouldnotaffordtopurchasetheoriginalpainting Iboughtareplica Aninexperiencedeyecouldnottellthedifference Whatdoestheunderlinedword exhausted inParagraph4mean A TiredB AngryC FrightenedD Regretful Nowitwastheswan sturn Heflewup andbeganflyingoverthesea Thecrowflewafterhim makingallkindsofcomments 评价 abouthisflying Theyflewonandontilltheycouldn tseethelandandtherewasnothingbutwateronallsides Thecrowwasmakingfewerandfewercomments Hewassoexhaustedthathefoundithardtostayintheair andhadtostruggletokeephimselffromfallingintothewater Theboldword volume inParagraphTwoprobablymeans A thetypeofmusicB theamountofasoundC thelengthofasongD thecolourofanMP3player KeepItDown Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthateveryonearoundyoucanhearit Somepeoplemightevengetangry Usually whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player otherpeoplecan thearthewordsofthesong Theyjusthearaloudsound Notonewantstolistentothis Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player youshouldn thaveitturneduptoohigh Whatdoes makeup meaninthispassage A 看笑话B 弥补C 哭泣D 询问 ThefamousfatandlazycatGarfieldiscomingtoChina Inthe GarfieldTheMovie Garfieldactswithrealactors Hewillmakeyoulaughwithcleverandfunnywords Sometimeshe snotfriendlytohisowerJohnArbuckle Oneday JohnbringsOdie adog intohishome Odieiscute HegetsallJohn slove ThisturnsGarfield sworldupsidedown Garfieldwantsthedogoutofthehouseandhislife Onenight hekicksOdieoutofthehouse ButlaterGarfieldfindsaTVstarcaughtOdie Themanwantstousethedoginhisshows GarfieldfeelssorryforOdie Hethinkshe swrong Hewantstomakeupforit SoGarfieldgetsoffhisfavoritechairtotrytosavehisfriend 语境法 同义关系 以同义词 近义词为线索猜测词义 并列的词或短语 and or as as like Thenewtaxlawsupersedes orreplaces thelawthatwasineffectlastyear WhenhadlessonsathomewiththeirgovernessMarionCrawford Margaretwasoftennaughty Theword governess means A 服务员B 家庭女教师C 牧师D 管家 Whatdoestheunderlinedword launched meaninthesecondparagraph A 取消 B 改善 C 创办 D 改变 TwoyearsagotheUnitedStatesNationalAcademyofSciencelaunchedthe SafeDrinkingWaterIsEssential site Itwassetuptoprovidehigh qualityscientificinformationaboutimprovingthesafetyofdrinkingwatersupplies Theword extra inParagraph3means A 正常的B 额外的C 有用的D 少量的 Whydopeopleworksomanyhours Somepeopleworkextrahoursbecausetheywanttomakemoremoney However manycompaniesdon tpayovertime Theirworkersdon tgetmorepayformorework Somepeoplethinkit stheirdutytoworkmorehours Someareafraidoflosingtheirjobsiftheydon tworkmorehours Theunderlinedexpression givingahandto Paragraph3 isclosestinmeaningto A questioningB helpingC hurtingD calling Onedayamansawanoldladystandingbyherexpensivecar clearlyinneedofhelp Sohestoppedhisoldtruckandgotout Althoughhewassmiling theoldladywasworried Washegongtohurther Hedidn tlooksafe Themancouldseethatshewasfrightened soinhisfriendliestvoicehesaid I mheretohelpyou madam Whydon tyouwaitinthecarwhereit swarm Bytheway mynameisBryanAnderson Bryanquicklyfixedthecarandtheladythankedhim Thensheaskedhowmuchsheshouldpayhim ButBryanwantednomoney Hewasjustgivingahandtosomeoneintrouble Thiswasnormalforhim Hesaid Ifyoureallywanttorepayme nexttimeyouseesomeoneinneed helpthemandthinkofme Whatdotheunderlinedwords UVrays mean A 沙尘B 闪电C 紫外线D 超声波 Thereareseveralcausesleadingtopooreyesightlikenotenoughfood genes 基因 andaging 老化 Televisions computersandreadingarealsothecausesofhavingpooreyesight Ifyouhappentoworkinfrontofthecomputer itisbesttotakeabreakeveryonceinawhile Somethingdirtycancauserednessandtheywillmakeyoufeeluncomfortable Itisbadforyoureyes too Ifthishappens thebestwayistocleanyoureyesbyusingcoldwater Youmustalsotryyourbesttoprotectyoureyesfromharmfulthings Forexample sunglassesarenotjustforfashionbuttheycanalsoserveasagreatwaytoprotectyoureyesightfromUVrays 语境法 指代关系 代词it that he him或them可以指上文提到的人事物 Theunderlinedword them inparagraph1refersto A phoneusersB mobilephonesC DriversD ears LastyearintheUKatleast45peoplediedand900morewereinjuredincaraccidentswheredriverswereusingtheirmobilephones Yetmanypeoplecontinuetousethemwhiledrivingeventhoughitisdangerous Thephrase rushhour inthispassagemeansinChinese A 比赛中的冲刺时刻B 一小时内所跑的路程C 上下班 交通高峰时刻D 匆匆忙忙的一小时 Youcanalsotravelaroundthecitybytaxi Thisisthemostexpensiveway butthetaxiwilltakeyoutotheveryplaceyouwishtogoto Iftrafficisheavy thetaxiwillbeslow Duringthemorningsandafternoons thisisthe rushhour Thisisthetimewhenthetrafficisveryheavywithpeoplegoingtoandfromwork Whatdoestheunderlinedword sweat probablymean A 触摸B 鼓掌C 出汗D 指点 Itwasagreatwaytogethismindoffwhathehadtodolater Astheygotclosetotheschool hecouldfeelhisheartbeating Hishandswerestartingtosweat Hehatedthis Whatdoestheword snap inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymean A breakB changeC winD Complain WhenIthinkaboutthebambootree sabilitytobendandmoveback theword resilience comestomymind Whenitisusedforaperson thiswordmeanstheabilitytoreadilyrecover 恢复 fromshock sadnessoranyothersuffering Haveyoueverfeltlikeyouweregoingtosnap Haveyoueverfeltlikeyouwereatyourbreakingpoint Thankfully youhavesurvivedtotalkaboutit It inParagraph1means A InformationB BrainC AttentionD Quality Informationisreceivedintoourbrainbyattention anditsqualitydetermines 决定 howwellitwillbeprocessed savedandusedafterwards FirstIhadtogetthekidstosleep Thatwasnevereasyatanytimeandtonightitwasevenmoredifficult Theeldestonewantedtoknowwhyweleftthepartyearly Itoldhim10 30pmwasnotearly Asusual Ireadthemabedtimestory butIhadtostopmyselfreadingtooquicklyortheywouldlearnmysecret Theunderlinedword they inParagraph3refersto A thievesB parentsC childrenD neighbours Theundedinedword motivation inParagraph2meansinChinese A 动力B 机会C 试验D 条件 AtEastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology studentswillgetacoupon 优惠券 iftheyeatuptheirfood Studentscancollectcouponsandexchangethemforsmallgifts suchasbooks magazines mobilephonecoversandhandwarmers It sbeensuchasurprise saidLiangZhaoyun 19 astudentattheuniversityinShanghai Ithasgivenusonemoremotivationtofinishourfood Themeasureispartofanational eat up campaign 行动 whichisorganizedbystudentstodealwithfoodwasteoncampuses 校园 解题技巧一 语境法 语境法 解题技巧二 构词法 构词法 构词法 派生法 一个单词 词根 加上前缀或后缀 构成一个新单词 unbelievable believe 否定前缀有 un dis im in mis 改变词义 形容词后缀有 ful ing ed y able ible ical al 改变词性和词义 Onedayaveryrichfamilywentonatriptothecountryside Thefatherwantedtoshowhissonhowpoorpeoplelived sotheyspentadayandanightonthefarmofaverypoorfamily Whentheygotbackfromtheirtrip thefatheraskedhisson Mydearson howwasthetrip Verygood dad Didyouseehowpoorpeoplelived thefatherasked Yeah Andwhatdidyoulearn Thesonanswered Wehaveadogathome andtheyhavefour Wehaveapoolthatisinthemiddleofthegardenandtheyhaveariverthathasnoend Wehaveveryexpensivelampsinthegardenandtheyhavethestars Whenthelittleboyfinished hisfatherwasspeechless Theword speechless means A 毫无兴趣的B 寡言少语的C 胸无点墨的D 无话可说的 speech less 后缀 Theunderlinedword quartered means A 榨汁B 切成四份C 洗净D 炸碎 quarter ed 后缀 Fishandapplesoup Yes andyouwon tbelievehowdeliciousitis ThisfirstcameoutofarestaurantinSingapore butitisnowverypopularasthesoupdujourinChineserestaurants Ingredients serves4 1 Wholefish2 apples quartered 4 6gingerslices 姜片 1bunchofspringonions c