Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐.docx

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语 jazz dzn. 爵士音乐musical mju:zikl adj.音乐的instrumentinstrumntn.乐器clavichord klvik:d n.古钢琴recently ri:sntli adv.最近damagedmid v.损坏keyki: n. 琴键stringstri n.（乐器的）弦shock k v.使不悦或生气，震惊allowlau v.允许，让touchtt v.触摸1jazz dzn. 爵士音乐jazz dzn. 爵士音乐classical music古典音乐folk music 民族音乐country music乡村音乐pop (popular) music 流行音乐jazz爵士乐play jazz 演奏爵士乐Eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano.他们企图在钢琴上演奏爵士乐。rock and roll摇滚乐rap 拉普乐（说唱音乐）2musical mju:zikl adj.音乐的musical mju:zikl adj.音乐的，悦耳的； 1）adj.音乐的，悦耳的；Eg. We need some musical instruments.我们需要一些乐器。Eg. Her voice has a musical quality.她的嗓音音质悦耳。a musical instrument一个乐器a musical performance乐器表演a musical score 乐谱musical voice 美妙的声音2) adj.有音乐天赋的，爱好音乐的Eg. He is a musical child.他是个有音乐天赋的孩子。a musical student有音乐天赋的学生music student 学音乐的学生 (the student who learned it)music音乐（the arrangement of sounds made by instruments or voices in a way that is pleasant or exciting ）Eg. She likes all kinds of music.a piece of music 一首音乐a music lesson一堂音乐课a music teacher音乐老师a music lover 音乐爱好者a piece of music一首音乐concert 音乐会musical adj.音乐的musician n.音乐家3instrumentinstrumntn.乐器instrumentinstrumntn.乐器instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。但它可以用来泛指各种乐器1)乐器(an object, such as a piano, horn, drum, etc. played to give musical sounds )instrument = musical instrument乐器Eg. He can play nearly every musical instrument.他会演奏几乎所有的乐器。_ What kind of musical instrument can you play ?你会演奏哪种乐器呢？_I can play the guitar.我会弹吉他。_ I can play the piano.我会弹钢琴。_ I can play the violin.我会拉小提琴。_ I can play the saxophone.我会吹萨克斯风2）器械，仪器，工具torture instruments 刑具operation instruments 手术器械Eg. The pilot studied his instruments anxiously.飞行员焦虑地把他的各种仪器仔细察看了一番。instrument中的-ment是名词后缀movement移动government 政府judgement 判断argument争论4clavichord klvik:d n.古钢琴clavichord klvik:d n.古钢琴5recently ri:sntli adv.最近recently ri:sntli adv.最近recently = lately adv.最近,近来常用在现在完成时以及过去时中Eg. Recently it was damaged by a visitor.最近它被一个客人弄坏了。Eg. Recently, he has been working on his masters degree at the university.最近，他在大学攻读硕士学位。Eg. They have recently bought a new car.他们最近刚刚买了一辆新车。Eg. Have you seen him recently?你最近见过他吗？Eg. Have you been to the cinema lately? 你近来看过电影吗？recent adj.新近的，近来的Eg. I paid a recent visit to my parents.我最近看望了我父母。Eg. In recent years, there have been great changes.最近几年有了很大的变化。Eg, What is the most recent news?最新消息怎么样？Eg. The photograph seemed quite recent.这张照片看起来是最近照的。6damagedmid v.损坏damagedmid v.损坏damage vt.部分损坏1)damage vt. vi.（使）毁坏，损害，毁坏，加害于：damage sbs interests 损害某人的利益damage the national economy 损害国民经济Soft wood damages easily.软木易损坏。Eg. Youve damaged my bicycle. You shant have it again. 你把我的自行车弄坏了。你别想再用了。Eg. The fire damaged several buildings.大火烧毁了几座大楼。Eg. My book was damaged in the post.我的书在邮寄中被损坏。Eg. Smoking can damage your health.吸烟有害健康。to damage relations between two countries损害两国之间的关系to damage ones career损坏某人的职业damage ones good name损坏某人的好名声break 折断cut 剪,砍,割crush kr 压坏,捣坏tear 撕stain 弄脏,玷污都包含在damage 范围之内。spoil vt. 损坏，惯坏，宠坏damage vt.部分损坏destroy v.毁坏，彻底损坏Eg. You spoiled the paint by touching it when it was wet.你在油漆未干的时候用手摸把漆面给弄坏了。Eg. They spoil their child by buying him a toy every time they go shopping. 他们每次外出购物都给他带一件玩具，这样把他宠坏了。Eg. His grandmother spoiled him. 他的祖母把他宠坏了。辨异：spoil 和harm 的共同意思是“损害”harm常指肉体或精神受到“损伤”，也指某事受到“损害”或“损失”，带来烦恼及不便；spoil常指力量、价值等的降低或事物的最终毁灭，也可指日常生活中某事不顺利或碰钉子。harm 语气较弱；而spoil则语气较强。辨异：damage、 injure 和 wound damage 多指损害事物（非生物）的功能、价值等；injure指伤害、损坏人或动物的身体、健康、外表、感情、名声等等；wound 主要指在战斗中武器或凶器等造成的外伤或剧烈的痛苦。他摔伤了腿。He wounded his leg when he fell.（错误）He hurt his leg when he fell.(正确)注：wound通常指外界暴力所引起的身体上的“创伤”， 如战争、打斗所受的刀伤、枪伤等。hurt是指一般肉体上和精神上的伤害。比较：He was wounded in the leg.他腿部受了伤。他们说她的话，使他大受伤害。He was very hurt by what they said about her. （错误）He was much hurt by what they said about her.（正确）注：be hurt 指感情上的伤害时，不用very表示程度，而习惯用much, rather, a bit 等修饰，表示“受伤害”程度的不同。2)damage n.损失，损害，损毁recover damage弥补损失heavy (serious) damage严重的损失（损伤）brain damage 脑损伤Eg. The damage the storm caused is extensive.这场暴风雨造成了严重的损失。Eg. Your father is furious about the damage you have done to the flower beds.你把花坛损坏了，你父亲对此非常生气。Eg. The storm did a great deal of material damage. 暴风雨造成了许多物资损坏。注：表示对“对造成损害”时,用cause / do damage to a lot of damage许多损失damage to sth.对损失damage to the car 对车辆的损失damage to crops对庄稼的损失damage to ones reputation对名誉造成的损失damages 赔偿（damage表示”损害赔偿”或”赔偿金”时,只用复数形式。）The court awarded him 5000 damages.法庭付给他5000美元的赔偿金。Eg. The car company paid her 1000 in damages for the accident.汽车公司付给他1000美元事故损失赔偿费。destroy v. 毁坏，粉碎（希望、计划等）Eg. The fire destroyed the whole forest.大火毁灭了所有的森林。Eg.All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.我所有的希望被他的一封拒绝信粉碎了。7keyki: n. 琴键keyki: n. 琴键1)琴键Eg. She struck the keys too hard.她过分用力敲击琴键。Eg. She hit the keys too hard.2)钥匙Eg.这是你房间的钥匙。This is the key of your room.（错误）This is the key to your room.(正确)注意：”the key to”是 “开.门的钥匙”,此时to 介词表示一种方向,这个词组引申用于“.的线索”、“关键”。比较：He holds the key to this murder case. 他掌握着这起谋杀案的线索。the key to the door这个门的钥匙the answer to the question这个问题的答案the entrance to the hall 这个大厅的入口the train to London通往伦敦的火车3）题解，答案I dont know the key to the puzzle.我不知道这个谜语的答案。to 表由此及彼的方向性key adj. 关键的，主要的Eg. _Who is the key person in this class?这个班里谁是关键人物呢？ _ Every student.每个同学都很关键。key structures 关键句型a key question一个关键问题key point 重点Eg.The key to success is hard work.成功的关键是要勤奋工作。辨异：key的后置定语可由of引起，也可由to引起。 作“钥匙”解时，of后接“房间，建筑物”等；to后接“门，锁”等。作“关键”解时，of后接一般事物；to后接“成功”等结果名词。作“的键”解时，用of；作“通往的要冲”的答案”解时，用to。or? 总之，含有方向、结果等意味时接to；表示所属时用of。Eg. Have you got the key to this door? 你有这个门的钥匙吗？Eg.The key to success is hard work.成功的关键是要勤奋工作。8stringstri n.（乐器的）弦stringstri n.（乐器的）弦1) 细绳 ( 比cord 细, 比thread粗)a piece of string 一条绳子a ball of string 一卷绳子2) (附在衣服等之上的)带子apron string 围裙带3) 弦乐器the strings 弦乐器violin 小提琴mandolin mndlin曼陀林cello telu 大提琴harp h:p 竖琴viola viul 中提琴guitar it:吉他contrabass kntr,beis 低音弦乐器都是弦乐器clavichord 古钢琴piano钢琴organ 风琴harpsichord 大键琴 都称为 instrument乐器。woodwind wdwind 木管乐器brass brs铜管乐器percussion p:kn打击乐器4)一串, 一系列a string of necklace一串项链a string of pearls一串珍珠a string of visitors 一系列来访者a string of wins 一系列的胜利9shock k v.使不悦或生气，震惊shock k v.使不悦或生气，震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj. 感到震惊的跟人的情绪有关的动词宾语往往是“人”It shocked me.It is shocking.Im shocked.be surprised 对感到惊讶(中性)be shocked 震惊(贬)be astonished 目瞪口呆,傻了be surprised at /by sth.对感到惊讶be shocked at /by sth.对感到震惊be astonished at /by sth.对感到目瞪口呆surprise n.以surprise为例Eg. Marys birthday is coming. Ill give her a surprise.玛丽的生日快要到了,我要给她一个惊喜。a surprise party一个意外的派对to ones surprise 使人感到惊讶的是10allowlau v.允许，让allowlau v.允许，让（非正式用语）permit v. pmit 允许，让（法律条文规定，正式用语）n. pmit 通行证1) allow doing 允许做某事Eg.Do they allow smoking in the cinemas?他们允许在电影院里抽烟吗？Eg. We dont allow smoking.我们不允许吸烟。2) allow sb. to do 允许某人做某事Eg. Allow me to introduce you to our headmaster.请允许我介绍你见见我们的校长。Eg. My mean boss doesnt allow me to use the telephone.我那个吝啬的老板不允许我用电话。allow yourself to make mistakes 允许你自己犯错误sb. be allowed to do sth.3)给予，让得到Eg. He allows his son too much money.他给孩子太多的钱。Eg. The court allowed a sum of money to each child for clothing. 法院判给每个孩子一笔服装费。allowance launs n. 津贴，补助零用钱 (Am.)Eg. make an allowance of 5% for cash payment.付现金打95折。make allowance for 考虑到，顾及，体谅，原谅11touchtt v.触摸touchtt v.触摸Eg. Dont touch it; it breaks easily.别碰它，它容易破碎。Eg. Visistors are asked not to touch the paintings. 参观者不得触摸任何绘画。vt. 触动，感动Eg. Her tragic story touched us all deeply.她的经历很悲惨，我们都深受感动。touched/ moved / excited touching / moving / exciting touch stone 试金石a near touch九死一生，千钧一发keep in touch with与保持联系get in touch with与取得联系be out of touch失去联系课文内容：We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living room. It has belonged to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.参考翻译：我家有件古乐器，被称作古钢琴，是1681年德国造的。我们的这架古钢琴存放在起居室里。我们家有这件乐器已经很久了， 是我祖父在很多年以前买的。可它最近被一个客人弄坏了，因为她用它来弹奏爵士乐。她在击琴键时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。我父亲大为吃惊，不许我们再动它。父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。【课文讲解】We have an old musical instrument. have 有，拥有Eg. I have many friends.当“有，拥有”讲时，无被动语态和进行时态。have breakfasthave a feverhave a good time have a headachehave a running nosehave sth. donehave something to do withhave nothing to do with have to do sth.It is called a clavichord. = we call it a clavichord.call sb. sth.sth. be calledcall 在这里的意思是“把.称为”、“称呼”，既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态：What do you call this ?你们把这称为什么？They call him big Tom.他们叫他“大个子汤姆”。It was made in Germany in 1681. be made in + 地点 表示产地 + 时间 表示制作于某时动词make经常用于被动语态。当它与不同的介词搭配时，意义也稍有不同。1）be made in可表示产地或时间：This bike was made in China.这辆自行车是中国造的。It was made in 1988.它生产于1988年。2）be made of (a material )表示用某种材料制成（通常指制造后不改变该材料原来的性质或形状）：This chair is made of wood.这椅子是木制的。Eg. The tea pot is made of silver. 这个茶壶是银做的。3）be made from表示用数种材料制成，或者是制造后改变了材料原来的性质或形状：Eg. Paper can be made from wood.用木材可以造纸。Eg. Glass is made from sand and lime.玻璃是有沙子和石灰制成的。Eg. This sweater is made from wool.这件毛衣是由羊毛制成的。4）be made by sb.表示由谁制造：Eg. This skirt was made by Mary.这条裙子是玛丽做的。Eg. This cake was made by my sister.这个蛋糕是我妹妹做的。5）be made forEg. This cake was made for you. 这个蛋糕是为你做的.Our clavichord is kept in the living room. = We keep our clavichord in the living room.living room 起居室，客厅(room in a private house for general use during the daytime )sitting room (Br.) = living roomkeep 保存，保留，保有Eg. Why didnt Daddy let me keep the ten dollars ?爸爸为什么不让我留下这十美元？Eg. Will you keep us the seats ? 你给我们保留座位好吗？Eg. Can you keep the secret? 你能保守秘密吗？Eg. He probably wont be able to keep his job.他也许保不住他那份工作了。辨异：（1）keep 和hold都有“保存，保持”的意思。keep“保存”或“保持”的时间较长；而hold“保存”或“保持”的时间较短。（2）keep, preserve, reserve和retain都有“保存”“保留”或“保持”的意思。keep指把某一事物置于自己的权力或管理之下；retain和reserve同义，均指继续“保持”或“保存”某事物，retain是较为正式的用语，还可指记住某事；preserve指把某物“收藏”或“保存”好。retain含有不失去的意味；reserve则强调继续保持而不致失去；preserve强调防止破坏作用，要采取措施使某物完好无损或质量不变。（3）keep silent和keep silence这两个短语意思不能混淆。前者的意思是“不吭声”或“默不作声”；后者的意思是“保持安静”,相当于keep quiet。It has belonged to our family for a long time. belong为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。另外，它是一个表示状态的动词，而不是行为动词，所以它也不能用于进行时。它最常用的时态是一般现在时和一般过去时：This farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me.这个农场现在属于我；在此之前它属于我父亲。belong to “属于”只能用于主动语态，而不能用于被动语态。其他类似的动词还有：have,“有”； become,“变成”； hold,“容纳”； lack,“缺乏” happen “发生”；take place“发生”等。The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. = Recently a visitor damaged it.She tried to play jazz on it! play jazz play + the + 乐器play + 音乐+ on + 乐器play + 球类try to do sth. 努力做某事,企图做某事咱们敲敲后门试试。Lets try to knock at the back door.（错误）Lets try knocking at the back door.（正确）注意后接动名词意思是“试一试”，或做某事，看看会发生什么样情况。try 后接不定式意思是作一番努力，试图做某种困难的事。比较：Xiao Lin has been trying to get you on the phone.小林一直在设法打电话找你。She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. too hardtoo 太, 过头 (贬)Eg. You think too much. 你想得太多。Eg. You work too hard.你工作太努力了。study hard 努力学习break broke - brokenbreak vt.Eg. She broke two strings.Eg. She fell and nearly broke her neck.broken adj. 断了的， 破了的Eg. The glass is broken.Eg. The book is broken.这本书太破了。Eg. The strings were broken. 琴弦断了。并列连词and在这里的意义相当于so,表示后一句是前一句的结果。再如：He fell heavily and broke his arm.他摔得很重，手臂都摔断了。My father was shocked. be shocked 对不好的消息所作的反应。Eg. They were shocked to hear of the bad news.听说这则坏消息他们很震惊。Eg.The violence and bad language in the program shocked many of the viewers.电视节目中的暴力场面和污秽语言使许多观众震惊。Now we are not allowed to touch it. be allowed to do sth.It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers