二轮复习：名词,形容词,数词.doc

宁远一中2011届高三英语二轮复习集体备课教案.复习要点：名词，形容词和数词.高考考点：名词：名词作定语；抽象名词具体化；区分可数名词和不可数名词；根据句意选择适当的名词，某个名词在不同场合下的具体意义和一些名词构成的固定搭配。形容词：重点考查形容词的位置、词语区别、固定搭配、比较级等用法数词：重点考察基数词的确指和不确指; 数词与主谓一致关系; dozen和score的用法; 序数词与冠词的连用。.课时划分：一节课.教学目标：掌握名词，形容词，数词的高考考点.教学重难点：抽象名词具体化，形容词的比较级，数词表年代，年龄及数词的确指和不确指。：教学方法：解释；讨论.教学过程Step1. 名词.可数名词和不可数名词 1.常以复数出现的名词clothes ,trousers ,socks ,shorts ,gloves, pants, shoes, scissors (剪刀) ,scales (天平, 称), thanks, congratulations, surroundings (环境) ,belongings (财产, 所有物),glasses2.常被误认为是可数名词的不可数名词Progress, advice, fun, information , furniture, work, baggage ,luggage ,news, jewelry weather, paper (纸张) , equipment, trouble , knowledge, homework . 3.单复数同形的名词sheep ,deer ,means (方式,手段) ,works (作品,著作,工厂) ,fish ,fruit ,species (种类), ,series(连续,丛书),Chinese, Japanese 4.名词只能用复数形式的短语：do exercises （做操）,take notes (做笔记）,take turns （轮流）,make repairs （搞修理）change trains （改换火车）,make friends with （交朋友）,shake hands with (握手）,as follows （如下）,in rags （衣衫褴褛）,in dozens （成打的）5.有些名词单复数形式含义特别iron铁irons镣铐, ash灰ashes骨灰废墟 ,water水waters水域 ,sand沙子sands沙滩沙漠, wind风winds大风, snow雪snows积雪, rain雨rains大雨洪水,paper纸papers报纸论文, arm手臂arms武器，军火, cloth布clothes衣服compass指南针compasses圆规custom风俗，习惯customs海关, wood木材woods树林, damage损坏damages赔偿金, green绿色greens青菜, manner态度manners礼貌6. 抽象名词具体化抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)Failure(失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历youth青春 a youth一个青年人have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事7.名词单复数的特殊情况:(1) 集体名词只用作复数： police , cattle , people ,poultry, the youth(2) 集体名词用作不可数名词:clothing, jewellery , furniture, luggage (baggage), machinery, wealth(3) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数： family, class, population, staff, crew, couple, public, group, team, party, club, company, government, committee, audience, enemy(4) 只有复数形式的名词: clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, compasses, scissors, goods ,thanks, wishes, wages, tears, troops, forces, resources8.名词的修饰词修饰可数名词的词: few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of, a lot of, lots of ,plenty of ,quantities of 修饰不可数名词的词 : little, a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of, a quantity of, quantities of ,lots of , a lot of ,plenty of能修饰可数和不可数名词的词 :lots of ,a lot of ,plenty of ,quantities of ,a quantity of：名词所有格1: s型用法（有生命的所有格）有生命的所有格2）.表某人家，店铺名称，常省去所有格后的名词）.表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国家，团体，机构等4）.somebody,someone,who+else所有格加在else 后2：of 型）.Of 型（无生命名词所有格）2）.双重属格：a friend of my fathers; a book of Toms3）.表示“某人自己的”的属格：用of ones own表示，不可用of反身代词。：名词作主语和谓语一致问题 1). 集合名词: family, team ,class, group , audience, committee, government 2). many a student 和 more than a student 单数谓语3) .every/each/no boy and every/each/no girl wants to go there.4). 以s 结尾的一些词作主语economics, physics ,news, politics, mathematics, statistics 跟单数谓语：名词作定语一个名词作另外一个名词的定语，如a coffee cup(不能说a coffees cup)，a shoe shop(不可说a shoes shop或a shoes shop)Step 2.形容词.比较级1.用asas ,the same as, suchas, not so/asas,the+比较级, the+比较级引导：2.比较级表最高级 the other + 复数名词1）.比较级+than+ any other + 单数名词 any of the other +复数名词2）.比较级+ than + anything/ anyone else3）. 否定比较级最高级4）.least +原级 (最不)比较级的修饰语常见的有： rather，much，still，even，far，any(用于否定句或疑问句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit，three times等.倍数的表示法1. 数字 + times + 比较级 + than 2. 倍数 + times + as + 原级 + as 3. 倍数+ times + the size（length） of 4. 分数+ of + Our classroom is one third of this room. 多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序:县官行令杀国材. 形容词作定语后置的几种情况1.当形容词修饰不定代词2.当“形容词介词短语/不定式”构成的短语作定语时。3.当两个意义相反的形容词用“both.and.”；and；or或but连接在一起作定语时。4.当old，long，high，wide，deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时。 .表语形容词常见的表语形容词有：afraid，alone，awake，asleep，alive，alike，ashamed，afloat，well，sorry，unable，worth，sure等。The old man was alone in the house.形容词作状语形容词作状语表示伴随或结果。Step 3.数词.基数词1. 基数词做主语的主谓一致，具体数目与笼统数目的构成 用ten、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念 用less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to等来表示小于或接近某数目 用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目 用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示在某一数目左右 用to、from to、between and表示介于两数词2. 基数词表示年龄，年代的用法：in the 1990s /1900s , in ones fifties (in ones teens除外)3. 与基数词合成的定语，其中的名词用单数：a three-month-old baby，a five-year plan.序数词1. 序数词修饰名词时，一般前面有定冠词the， 有时也用不定冠词a，表示“再一，又一”2. 表示顺序的编号事物，一般有两种：the+序数词+事物名称 ； 事物名称+基数词.分数：子基母序，子1，母+S.其他数词的考察：amount, quantity, score, dozendozen表示：一打，十二个，score表示：二十;当dozen与数词，或many，several等连用时，不加“s”，所修饰的名词前常省去“of;score则不然。当后面的名词前有these，“those，“them， us等词时, dozen后应加of 。Step 4.PracticeStep 5.discuss the answersStep 6. ConsolidationStep 7. Sum up名词、形容词、数词练习1.（10安徽）I havent seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond_ A. hearing B strength C. recognition D. measure2.（10福建） Its _good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _pleasure. A. 不填, a B. a, 不填 C. the, a D. a, the3.（10江西）Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000, a (n) _ of 40,000 per year. A .average B. number C. amount D. quantity4.（10北京）First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a5.（10重庆）Everything comes with_ price; there is_ no such thing as free lunch in the world.A. a, a B. the, / C. the, a D. a, /6.（10上海） It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was_ journey.A. three hourB. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours7.(2011澧县模拟)Theses are his cousins first two _paintings, which he likes very much. A. little red French interesting oil B. interesting little red French oilC. interesting French little red oil D. little red interesting oil French 8.（2011湘潭市三模）- Do you think the weather is good enough for an outing? - Yes. You couldnt hope for _ at this time of the month. A. a nicer day B. the nicer day C. the nicest day D. a nice day9.（2011浙江仿真模拟） The price of houses is going down due to the new policy of restricted buying, but the common opinion is that the present _ wont last long. A. decline B. decision C. defeat D. demand 10.（2011湘西花垣月考） It is said that in Africa over a third of the population were believed to have no _ to the health care and advanced education. A. control B. access C. opportunity D. accent 11.(2011稻田中学月考)The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients, so he has a very good_.A. expectation B. reputation C. contribution D. civilization 12.（2010安徽）_, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smileA. Shy and cautious B. Sensitive and thoughtfulC. Honest and confident . D. Lighthearted and optimistic13.（2010江西）Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _ and more _, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.A easily; efficient B easier; efficient C easy; efficiently D easily; efficiently14.（2010山东） Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex15（2010四川）The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too Asmall Bf