2017高考英语写作训练(语法与写作+写作模板+评分标准).doc

写作训练（1）语法与写作名 词【常见问题】对于名词，学生在实际写作应用中主要存在以下常见问题：1写作中对于复数名词易疏漏-s或-es，如Id love to make friend with you. (误) All the picture displayed are of great value. (误)2部分名词的复数变化错误，如: familys, knifes, difficulttys, pinaoes, heros, woman doctors, tooths, childrens, medias。3部分词性易混作名词，如：动词误作名词形容词误作名词动词名词形容词名词succeedsuccesshonesthonestyaffecteffecthealthyhealthThrough your constant effort, you will success sooner or later. (误)Taking regular exercise can benefit our healthy. (误)4可数与不可数名词混淆。如：不可数可数take actiontake measuressome advicesuggestionstake exerciseeye exercisesmake progressinformationIt is high time we took actions to reduce the factors contributing to global warming. (误) Without your help, I wouldnt have made progresses in English. (误)【写作词汇升级】运用高级词汇或替换划线部分内容1. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day s work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. In return/reply, the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels. Realizing her mom must be very tired after a days work, the girl helps to remove the bag from her shoulder. In response, the mom kneels down to show how happy and thankful she feels.2. I often read your newspaper. Im a regular reader of your newspaper.3. Im really interested in this job and hope I can work for you. Im really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.4. Thus I began to recognize the advantages of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class. Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.5. As is known to all, as peoples living standards improve, cars have become a popular means of transport, and is very convenient to our life. As is known to all, with the improvement of peoples living standards, cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great convenience to our life.6. Most Chinese mothers are not in favor of what the writer did. The majority of Chinese mothers are not in favor of What the writer did.7. But I have some difficulties with note-taking and I dont know how to use the library. But I have some difficulties with note-taking and I have no idea of how to use the library.8. I like these rare animals very much because they are faced with dying out. I like these rare animals very much because they are in danger of dying out.冠 词【常见问题聚焦】由于受到汉语的干扰，疏漏冠词是我们中国学生在写作中常见错误类型之一。存在的误区有以下几种：1对抽象名词具体化的应用判断失误。 The Christmas evening party was success. (误) The Christmas evening party was a success. (正) 2. 冠词在一些固定结构中的误用。 Mrs. Taylor has an eight-year-old daughter who has the gift for painting-she has won two national prizes.（误） Mrs. Taylor has an eight-year-old daughter who has a gift for painting-she has won two national prizes. (正) Our teacher is kind to us and he often has words with us. (误) Our teacher is kind to us and he often has a word with us. (正)3. 冠词表示类别和不用冠词时的易错点。 In many places in China, a bicycle is still the popular means of transportation. (误) In many places in China, the bicycle is still a popular means of transportation. (正)【写作词汇升级】运用高级词汇或结构替换划线部分内容1. He entered the house, with a gun in his hand. He entered the house, gun in hand.2. Although she is a child, she has a great interest in the stars. Child as/though she is, she has a great interest in the stars.3. The teacher will give us a talk this afternoon. He is al-so a writer. The teacher and writer will give us a talk this after-noon.4. He walks to school every morning. He goes to school by walk/on foot every morning.5. A dog is faithful to its master. The dog is faithful to its master. Dogs are faithful to their masters.6. These sweaters have the same size. These sweaters are of a size.7. After two trials, he tried once more. He tried a third time after two trials.8. She disappointed us. She was a disappointment to us.9. We should learn from him. Hes a man like Lei Feng. He is a Lei Feng, so we should learn from him.10. He likes writing with a pencil. He likes writing in pencil.代 词【常见问题聚焦】.学生在实际应用中有下列错误倾向：1主格、宾语混乱，如：You and us should join hands to do it. (误) You and we should join hands to do it. (正)2. 语序错误，如： I and my family all like playing golf. (误) My family and I all like playing golf. (正)3称谓指代混乱，如： (1) Everyone should take an umbrella with yourself. (误) (2) Recently there is a heated discussion about whether its necessary to cancel the division of liberal art classes and science classes in Senior Middle Schools on the Internet. Someone thinks it can help students improve all-round abilities . (误)在某一篇习作中，不少同学都写出了第二自然段这样的表达，it到底指代上文的什么，令人费解。.改正下列习作中代词的使用错误1. I would appreciate you if you could come and help me with my work. 改正:I would appreciate it if you could come and help me with my work.2. She kept looking behind her to see if she was being lowed. 改正：She kept looking behind herself to see if she was being followed.3. In order to guarantee the students health, the school offers them a bag of milk every. 改正:In order to guarantee the students health, the school offers them a bag of milk each.4. It is the power of TV that can make a person suddenly famous. 改正:Such is the power of TV that it can make a per-son suddenly famous.5. One of the most important questions they had to consider was what of public health. 改正: One of the most important questions they had to consider was that of public health.【写作词汇升级】运用高级词汇或结构替换划线部分内容1. I suddenly remember that I forgot to turn off the gas. It occurs to me that I forgot to turn off the gas.2. Talking of Beijing Opera, we think its quite a matter of personal taste. When it comes to Beijing Opera, we think it quite a matter of personal taste.3. You11 take plenty of time to find him in the crowd. It 11 take you plenty of time to find him in the crowd.4. Everyone says this is the best film weve ever seen. It is said that this film is better than any other film weve ever seen.5. We had a good time last night. We enjoyed ourselves last night.6. I dont feel well today. I am not myself today.7. They happened to be out. It happened that they were out.8. The couple are said to have gotten divorced. It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.9. In China, the weather in the south is quite different from the weather in the north. In China, the weather in the south is quite different from that in the north.10. Some people like football, some don t. Not everyone likes football. Everyone doesnt like football.数 词【常见问题聚焦】.下面是学生在写作中常犯的与数词和主谓一致致有关的错误：1个别基数词、序数词的拼写错误，如： fourty(误) forty(正) ninty(误) ninety(正) nineth(误) ninth(正) twentieth(误)twentieth(正) January 23th,2012(误) January 23rd,2012(正)2. 含hundred, thousand, million, billion 的数前有较具体数时常见错误，如： 数百万several millions people(误) several million people(正) several millions of people(正)3. 某些包含序数词的固定搭配中常错用了冠词获得冠军gain the first place(误) gain first place(正) gain the first prize(获得一等奖)（正）4. 主谓在数上不能保持一致.判断正误1. 她刚过了12岁生日 (误)She has just spent her twelveth birthday, (正)She has just spent her twelfth birthday.2我们将学第一课 (误)We are going to learn the Lesson One. (正)We are going to learn Lesson One/the First Lesson.3虽然他已是80岁的人了，他每天还骑自行车。 (误) He rides his hike every day though he is in his eighty. (正) He rides his bike every day though he is in his eighties.4老师要我们写一篇200个词的文章。 (误) The teacher asked us to write a two-hundred-words composition. (正) The teacher asked us to write a two-hundred-word composition.5我们3人都是学英语的的学生。 (误)Three of us are the students of English. (正)The three of us are the students of English,【写作词汇升级】1. When I was thirteen years old, I never dealt with the daily things, such as washing clothes, taking care of money, etc. At the age of 13 ,I never dealt with the daily things, such as washing clothes, taking care of money, etc.2. We get, the latest news that Amys elder daughter, who is 17, has been admitted to both Harvard and Yale. We get the latest news that Amys 17-year-old elder daughter has been admitted to both Harvard and Yale.3. Many ways have been tried to stop noise pollution. Many a way has been tried to stop noise pollution. More than one way has been tried to stop noise pollution.4. Asia is four times as large as Europe. Asia is three times larger than Europe. Asia is four times the size of Europe in area.介 词【常见问题聚焦】.下面是学生在写作中常犯的与介词有关的错误：1句尾介词往往由于受到汉语的影响而缺少 He is the man I just spoke. (误) He is the man I just spoke to. (正) I dont know which school he studies. (误) I dont know which school he studies in. (正) I dont know in which school he studies. (正) I dont know where he studies. (正)2因不熟悉介词及介词短语语法功能和不同搭配而造成语句混乱，搭配不当等错误。 I often come to school take bus, but sometimes I come by my father s car.（误） I often come to school by bus, but sometimes I come in my fathers car. (正).英汉差异造成的介词错用1. marry表示“结婚”。在汉语中说“和结婚”，用作不及物动词；而在英语中却用作及物动词，之后接宾语；在表达“get/be + married ( 与结婚)”这个意义时介词要用to, 不用with。2表示“受伤”时，汉语习惯说“上伤了”，而英语则用介词in表示。如： He has a knife wound in the leg.3. 表示“撞到上“，英语用into,而不用onto。如：He drove into a tree yesterday. 昨天他开车撞到树上了。4表示“和相同”时，英语不用with, 而且as;表示“和不同时”，用from。如： A is different from B. A和B 不同。 A is the same as B. A 和B 相同。5. 表示“在帮助下”，英语用with，不用under。如：with the help of the teacher 在老师的帮助下6. 表示“在收音机/电视/电话里”时，英语用on the radio/on TV/on the telephone。7表示“孔、洞、窗户）在墙上”时，英语用in表示，但表示“（图画）等在墙上”时，用表示。如： He made holes in the wall. 他在墙上凿了些洞。【写作词汇升级】运用高级词汇或结构替换划线部分内容1. The company needs an English interpreter badly. The company is in great need of an English interpreter.2. He went abroad for further study. He went abroad for the purpose of further study.3. A new school is being built now. A new school is under construction at present.4. The sun set down and they went home hurriedly. They went home in a hurry with the sun setting down.5. He arrived on time. He arrived on schedule.6. He attended the meeting as our representitive. He was present at the meeting on behalf of us.7. The book is very useful. The book is of great use.8. He felt frightened when he thought of this. At the thought of this, he felt frightened.9. He was surprised to find her there, too. To his surprise, he found her there, as well.10. Eighty percent of the people support the plan. Eighty percent of the people are in favor of the plan.形容词和副词【常见问题聚焦】.正误判断1我校比上海任何一所学校大。(误)Our school is bigger than any school in Shanghai. (正) Our school is bigger than any other school in Shanghai.2他同球队中的任何一个篮球队员一样是个好篮球手。 (误) He is as a good :basketball player as any one else in the team. (正)He is as good a basketball player as any one else in the team.3我练习本里的错比他的多得多。 (误) There are much more mistakes in my exercise-book than in his. (正) There are many more mistakes in my exercise-book than in his.4这卫生间太小了。我们连一个洗脸盆也不能装。 (误) The bathroom is fairly small. We cant even fix a wash-basin in it, (正)The bathroom is rather small. We cant even fix a wash-basin in it.5近来他干得很好。 (误) He has been doing well later. (正)He has been doing well lately.6这里的学生大多数是中国人。 (误)The students here are most Chinese. (正)The students here are mostly Chinese.下面是学生在写作中常见的问题：1. 搭配错误，如： (1)Judging from his sadly face. (误) Judging from his sad face. (正) (2)Little Tom felt very sadly. (误) Little Tom felt very sad. (正) (3)You will get warm welcomed. (误) You will get warmly welcomed. (正)提示记住以下几句话：形容词修饰名词；副词修饰动词或形容词；系动词与形容词构成系表结构。2汉语干扰，词性混乱 形容词误作动词 He eager to know everything about China. (误) Hes eager to know everything about China. (正) 形容词与名词混淆 The sport teaches us the important of obedience. (误) The sport teaches us the importance of obedience. (正) 形容词与副词混淆 Unfortunate, many people are ignorant of it. (误) Unfortunately, many people are ignorant of it. (正)3比较级的错误表达，如： 海平面升得起来越高。 The sea level is rising more and more high. (误) The sea level is rising more and more higher. (误) The sea level is rising higher and higher. (正)提示未掌握好比较级的变化规则是造成错误的主要原因。【写作词汇升级】运用高级词汇或结构替换划线部分内容1. She doesnt look as young as you (do). She looks less younger than you (do).2. He is the most lovely child that Ive ever met. I have never met a more lovely child than him.3. China is the largest country in Asia. China is the largest one of all the Asia countries. China is larger than any other country in Asia.4. This big stone is three times as heavy as that one. This big stone is three times the weight of that one. This big stone is twice heavier than that one.5. When you cross the street, you must be careful. When crossing the street, you can never be too careful. You can never be careful enough to cross the street.6. If you are more careful, you il make fewer mistakes. The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you ll make.7. He finally accepted the very difficult job. Eventually he took the extremely challenging job.8. He is famous for his knowledge of science as a scientist. He is distinguished/outstanding for his knowledge of science as a scientist.9. We were struck by the beautiful scenery. We were fascinated by the attractive scenery.10. I hope he will realize that it is very important. Hopefully, he will realize it is very essential/significant. Hopefully, he will come to know it is of great essence/ significance.动词和动词短语【常见问题聚焦】判断正误1美国内战于1860年爆发。 (误)The American Civil War was broken out in 1860. (正)The American Civil War broke out in 1860.2过去人们曾认为地球是平的。 (误) People were used to believe that the earth was flat. (正)People used to believe that the earth was flat.3无论你得出什么结论都必须以事实为基础。 (误)Whatever conclusion you have arrived at must be decided on facts. (正)Whatever conclusion you have arrived at must be based on facts.4. 别太靠近火，否则你的夹克容易着火。 (误)Keep away the fire, or your jacket will catch fire easily: (正) Keep away from the fire, or your jacket will catch fire easily. (正) Keep off the fire, or your jacket will catch fire easily.5如果漏掉一个单词，句子的意思可能会彻底改变。 (误)If you should miss a word, the meaning of a sentence might be wholly changed. (正)If you should leave out a word, the meaning of a sentence might be wholly changed.6我们是好朋友，什么也不能打断我们的友谊。 (误) We are good friends, and nothing can break out our friendship. (正)We are good friends, and nothing can break up our friendship.7司机的粗心导致了一场严重事故。 (误)The carelessness of the driver resulted from a serious accident. (正)The carelessness of the driver resulted in a serious accident.8爸爸工作了一天，累坏了。 (误)Father was tired of after a days work. (正)Father was tired out after a days work.9我们期待再一次在上海见到你 (误) We are looking forward to see you again in Shanghai. (正) We are looking forward to seeing you again in Shanghai.10现在我们找不到他在书中提到的那个地方。 (误)Now, we cant find the place he referred in the book.(正)Now, we cant find the place he referred to in the book.【写作词汇升级】运用高级词汇或结构替换划线部分内容1. Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house. An idea occurred to me that someone had broken in-to my house. It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2. Thank you very much for your help. We appreciate your help very much./Your help is much appreciated.3. Plenty of memory work is helpful to English study. Plenty of memory work will contribute to English study.4. Would you please help me to turn down the radio? Would you please do me a favor to turndown the radio?5. He is very interested in collecting stamps. He is crazy about/absorbed in/addicted to collecting stamps.6. I met him by chance the other day. I happened to meet him the other day. It happened that I met him the other day.7. As a result, we won the match. As it turned out, we won the match,8. The kids are eager for knowledge. The kids have a strong appetite for knowledge.9. You should use your spare time well. You are expected to make good use of your spare time. You are supposed to take good advantage of your spare time.10. Our school lies to the west of the station with an area of 200 mu. Our school is located/situated to the west of the station and covers an area of 200 mu.非谓语动词【常见问题聚焦】判断正误1我们认为惩罚她是错误的。 (误)We thought it wrong for her to punish.(正) We thought it wrong for her to be punished.2在交测验卷之前，你应该检查一遍试卷。 (误) Before handing in your test paper, it is necessary to go over the whole paper. (正) Before handing in your test paper, you should go over the whole paper. (正) Before you hand in your test paper, you Should go over the whole paper.3. 你可停止看电视吗？你看了太久了。 (误) Would you please stop to watch TV? You have watched it for too long. (正) Would you please stop watching TV? You have watched it for too long.4. 我父亲告诉我，他常带我去那个公园，但我不记得曾被带到那公园去过。(误) My father told me that he often took me to the park before, but I dont remember to be taken to the park.(正) My father told me that he often took me to the park before, but I dont remember being taken to the park.5你的西装需要烫一下。(误)Your suit needs to iron.(正) Your suit needs ironing.(正)Your suit needs to be ironed.6看，树都倒下来了。昨晚肯定刮大风。(误)Look, the trees are failing. There must have been a