主谓一致参考.doc

主谓一致，一般来说，谓语必须与主语和人称在数上保持一致。其一致性涉及三方面，既语法上一致，意义上一致，就近一致。具体用法如下： 一、主语是下列情况的，谓语用单数 1.如果主语由“many a, more than one+单数名词”构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Many a child has made that mistake. (许多孩子都犯那种错误。) There is more than one answer to your question. (你的这个问题不止一个答案。) 注：“more than+数词+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： More than one thousand workers are working in this factory. (有1000多名工人在这家工厂做工。) 2.“四则运算（即加、减、乘、除）”表示整体概念，谓语动词多用单数形式。如： 88 and 2 is 100.(88加2等于100。) Five times four is 20. (5乘以4等于20。) 3.“a +单数名词+ or two”作主语，谓语动词用单数；但“one or two+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数。如： A day or two is passed. (一两天过去了。) One or two hours have been spent. (一两天过去了。) 4.由each ,every修饰的名词作主语，或由eachand each，everyand every，noand no连接名词作主语时，谓语用单数。如： Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company. (在我们公司，每个男女都有提升的机会。) No boy and no girl doesnt go to school at the age of seven in this village because of the Hope Project. (由于希望工程，我们村七岁的男孩女孩都去上学。) 注：each位于复数主语后或句末，则不影响谓语动词的数。如： The students each have a dictionary. (学生们每人都有一本字典。) 5. every-,any-,some- 等构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。如： There is something wrong with the machine. (这台机器有问题。) 6.all表示物时，谓语动词用单数。如： All was silent. (万籁俱寂。) All of the rubbish was cleaned away. (所有的垃圾都被清除了。) 注：当all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数。如： All but one were here just now.(除一人外，都刚刚在这儿。) 7.动名词、动词不定式、名词从句或由and连接的两个疑问代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如： To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country. (对于一个国家来说，承办奥运会就是一份丰厚的奖品。) When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet . 注：当what从句作主语时而表语是复数时，谓语动词也可用复数。如： What we badly need here are competent teachers.(我们这儿急需的是合格的老师。) 8.在“It +be+被强调部分+that(who)”结构中，“be”用单数。如： It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. (不仅仅是盲人犯这样的错误。) 二、主语是复数形式，而谓语用单数形式 1.国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词做主语，即使形式上是复数，谓语动词仍用单数。如： The United State is a developed country. 2.以-ics 结尾表示学科的名词，如politics，physics，athletics，mathematics等做主语时，谓语用单数。如： Mathematics is difficult to learn. 注：当以-ics结尾的表示学科的名词前有物主代词修饰，指某人的某方面知识时，谓语用复数。如： His physics are poor. 3.当表示时间、距离、价格度量衡等的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。如： Ten years is quite a long time. (十年是漫长的时间。) Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. (步行15分钟对我来说是较长的时间了。) 注：如果是指某一个体，则要根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词用复数形式。如： Twenty years have passed since we parted. (自从我们分手以后已经20年过去了。) 4. “One +and a half +复数名词” 做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： One and a half apples is left on the plate. (盘子里还有一个半苹果。) 5.有些用来表示有两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数，如trousers, glasses, compasses 等做主语，前面若有“一条，一副，一把”之类的单位词，谓语用单数；若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语用复数。如： There is a pair of glasses on the desk. (桌子上有一副眼镜。) All the glasses are made of glass, not plastic. (所有的玻璃杯都是由玻璃制成的，而并非塑料。) 6.the number of短语做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如: As a result, the number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before. 因此，中国乘飞机旅行的人数比以往多了。 注：a number of 短语做主语时，谓语动词一般用复数，如：The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent fordifferent reasons.（邀请了五十人，但由于种种原因，大多数人没来。） 三、主语是单数形式，而谓语动词用复数形式 1.一些集体名词，如cattle, police, people, militia（民兵）等，在句子中做主语时，谓语用单数。如：Shortly after the accident, the police were sent to keep order. (事故后不久，警察被派来维持秩序。) 2.有些以-sh, -ese, -ch 结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义，谓语动词用复数。如: The Chinese are kind and friendly. (中国人亲切、友好。) 3.当“the +形容词（过去分词）”指一类人作主语，如the old, the young, the rich, the dead, 谓语用复数。如: The rich live a happy life, while the poor live a hard life. (富人过着快乐的生活，而穷人过着艰难的生活。) 四、谓语动词的单复数根据主语的具体情况而定 1.一些集体名词，如family, class, team, population, company, public, government, group, club等做主语时，当作为整体时，谓语动词用单数；如果作为一个个体成员来考虑时，谓语动词用复数。如： My family are coming with me. (我的家人将和我一块儿来。) His family has just moved to Beijing. (他家刚搬到北京。) 2.一些表示部分概念或不定量的名词或代词作主语，形式上为单数，但谓语动词的单复数应根据of后接名词的单复数而定，这些词有half, most, some等。如： The most of his time is wasted over it. 他的大部分时间都浪费在这上面了。 Half of the books are novels. 一半书籍是小说。 3.名词前有a lot of, lots of, plenty of, percent of等时，根据具体情况决定谓语动词的单复数。 There are plenty of eggs in the basket. (篮子里有很多蛋。) Lots of meat has been sold out. (很多肉已销售。) 4.用and 连接的名词作主语指两个人和物时，谓语用复数；指同一个人和物时，谓语用单数。如： The worker and writer comes from a small town. (这位工人兼作家出身于一个小城镇。) 5.由not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor 或or 连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单数形式或复数形式依最靠近他的名词的单复试形式而定。如： Either you or I am going to answer his question. (你和我必须有一个要回答他的问题。) Not only he but also his friends have been to New York. (不仅他而且他的朋友都去过纽约。) . as well as, besides, like, with, along with, together with, no less than, except, but, rather than等构成的短语不看作主语，谓语动词的数与第一个主语的数保持一致。如： The man with his daughters and son is watching TV. (这个人和他的儿女在看电视。) The girls as well as the teacher are dancing. (姑娘们和这